@phdthesis{Schuster2020,
  author    = {Schuster, Maja},
  title     = {High resolution decoding of the tobacco chloroplast translatome and its dynamics during light-intensity acclimation},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-51268},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-512680},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xvii, 155},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Chloroplasts are the photosynthetic organelles in plant and algae cells that enable photoautotrophic growth. Due to their prokaryotic origin, modern-day chloroplast genomes harbor 100 to 200 genes. These genes encode for core components of the photosynthetic complexes and the chloroplast gene expression machinery, making most of them essential for the viability of the organism. The regulation of those genes is predominated by translational adjustments. The powerful technique of ribosome profiling was successfully used to generate highly resolved pictures of the translational landscape of Arabidopsis thaliana cytosol, identifying translation of upstream open reading frames and long non-coding transcripts. In addition, differences in plastidial translation and ribosomal pausing sites were addressed with this method. However, a highly resolved picture of the chloroplast translatome is missing. Here, with the use of chloroplast isolation and targeted ribosome affinity purification, I generated highly enriched ribosome profiling datasets of the chloroplasts translatome for Nicotiana tabacum in the dark and light. Chloroplast isolation was found unsuitable for the unbiased analysis of translation in the chloroplast but adequate to identify potential co-translational import. Affinity purification was performed for the small and large ribosomal subunit independently. The enriched datasets mirrored the results obtained from whole-cell ribosome profiling. Enhanced translational activity was detected for psbA in the light. An alternative translation initiation mechanism was not identified by selective enrichment of small ribosomal subunit footprints. In sum, this is the first study that used enrichment strategies to obtain high-depth ribosome profiling datasets of chloroplasts to study ribosome subunit distribution and chloroplast associated translation. Ever-changing light intensities are challenging the photosynthetic capacity of photosynthetic organism. Increased light intensities may lead to over-excitation of photosynthetic reaction centers resulting in damage of the photosystem core subunits. Additional to an expensive repair mechanism for the photosystem II core protein D1, photosynthetic organisms developed various features to reduce or prevent photodamage. In the long-term, photosynthetic complex contents are adjusted for the efficient use of experienced irradiation. However, the contribution of chloroplastic gene expression in the acclimation process remained largely unknown. Here, comparative transcriptome and ribosome profiling was performed for the early time points of high-light acclimation in Nicotiana tabacum chloroplasts in a genome-wide scale. The time- course data revealed stable transcript level and only minor changes in translational activity of specific chloroplast genes during high-light acclimation. Yet, psbA translation was increased by two-fold in the high light from shortly after the shift until the end of the experiment. A stress-inducing shift from low- to high light exhibited increased translation only of psbA. This study indicate that acclimation fails to start in the observed time frame and only short-term responses to reduce photoinhibition were observed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Janowski2017,
  author    = {Janowski, Marcin Andrzej},
  title     = {Investigating role of the essential GTPase - AtRsgA in the assembly of the small ribosomal subunit in Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {X, 114},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Plastid protein biosynthesis occurs on bacterial-type 70S ribosomes consisting of a large (50S) and a small (30S) subunit. However, since many steps of ribosome biogenesis are not thermodynamically favorable at biological conditions, it requires many assembly factors. One group of assembly factors, circularly permuted GTPases, was implicated in 30S subunit maturation in E. coli, by a protein RsgA. RsgA orthologues are present in bacteria and plastid-containing species and in silico analysis revealed presence of a RsgA-like protein in Arabidopsis thaliana. To functionally characterize the Arabidopsis orthologue, two AtRsgA T-DNA insertion lines were analyzed in this study. The exon line (rsgA-e) led to embryo lethality, while the intron line (rsgA-i) caused severe dwarf, pale green phenotype. Further investigation of rsgA-i mutant line revealed defects in chloroplast biogenesis which led to increased number of chloroplasts, decreased chloroplast size, decreased air space between mesophyll cells and smaller shoot apical meristems, which showed unusual proplastid accumulation. Moreover, rsgA-i plants showed reduction in chlorophyll A and B content, decreased electron transport rate and photosynthetic efficiency. Further analyses revealed that the protein is involved in chloroplast 30S subunit maturation. Interestingly, we observed that while chloroplast-targeted and chloroplast-encoded proteins are generally downregulated in the mutant, a contrasting upregulation of the corresponding transcripts is observed, indicating an elaborate compensatory mechanism. To conclude, the study presented here reveals a ribosome assembly factor and a compensatory mechanism activated during impaired chloroplast function.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Steffen2005,
  author    = {Steffen, Jenny},
  title     = {Transkription von Markergenen an immbolisierten Nukleins{\"a}uren},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10282},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Die Etablierung der Transkription von kompletten Genen auf planaren Oberfl{\"a}chen soll eine Verbindung zwischen der Mikroarraytechnologie und der Transkriptomforschung herstellen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus kann mit diesem Verfahren ein Br{\"u}ckenschlag zwischen der Synthese der Gene und ihrer kodierenden Proteine auf einer Oberfl{\"a}che erfolgen. Alle transkribierten RNAs wurden mittels RT-PCR in cDNA umgeschrieben und in einer genspezifischen PCR amplifiziert. Die PCR-Produkte wurden hierf{\"u}r entweder per Hand oder maschinell auf die Oberfl{\"a}che transferiert. {\"U}ber eine Oberfl{\"a}chen-PCR war es m{\"o}glich, die Gensequenz des Reportergens EGFP direkt auf der Oberfl{\"a}che zu synthetisieren und anschließend zu transkribieren. Somit war eine Transkription mit weniger als 1 ng an Matrize m{\"o}glich. Der Vorteil einer Oberfl{\"a}chen-Transkription gegen{\"u}ber der in L{\"o}sung liegt in der mehrfachen Verwendung der immobilisierten Matrize, wie sie in dieser Arbeit dreimal erfolgreich absolviert wurde. Die Oberfl{\"a}chen-Translation des EGFP-Gens konnte ebenfalls zweimal an einer immobilisierten Matrize gezeigt werden, wobei Zweifel {\"u}ber eine echte Festphasen-Translation nicht ausger{\"a}umt werden konnten. Zusammenfassend kann festgestellt werden, dass die Transkription und Translation von immobilisierten Gensequenzen auf planaren Oberfl{\"a}chen m{\"o}glich ist, wof{\"u}r die linearen Matrizen direkt auf der Oberfl{\"a}che synthetisiert werden k{\"o}nnen.},
  subject      = {Immobilisierung},
  language  = {de}
}