@techreport{CaliendoFossenKritikos2019,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Caliendo, Marco and Fossen, Frank M. and Kritikos, Alexander},
  title     = {What Makes an Employer?},
  series = {CEPA Discussion Papers},
  journal   = {CEPA Discussion Papers},
  number    = {13},
  issn      = {2628-653X},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43736},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437360},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {As the policy debate on entrepreneurship increasingly centers on firm growth in terms of job creation, it is important to better understand which variables influence the first hiring decision and which ones influence the subsequent survival as an employer. Using the German Socio-economic Panel (SOEP), we analyze what role individual characteristics of entrepreneurs play in sustainable job creation. While human and social capital variables positively influence the hiring decision and the survival as an employer in the same direction, we show that none of the personality traits affect the two outcomes in the same way. Some traits are only relevant for survival as an employer but do not influence the hiring decision, other traits even unfold a revolving door effect, in the sense that employers tend to fail due to the same characteristics that positively influenced their hiring decision.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CaliendoFossenKritikosetal.2015,
  author    = {Caliendo, Marco and Fossen, Frank M. and Kritikos, Alexander and Wetter, Miriam},
  title     = {The Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship: Not just a Matter of Personality},
  series = {CESifo economic studies : a joint initiative of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t and Ifo Institute for Economic Research},
  volume    = {61},
  journal   = {CESifo economic studies : a joint initiative of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t and Ifo Institute for Economic Research},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1610-241X},
  doi       = {10.1093/cesifo/ifu023},
  pages     = {202 -- 238},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Why do entrepreneurship rates differ so markedly by gender? Using data from a large representative German household panel, we investigate to what extent personality traits, human capital, and the employment history influence the start-up decision and can explain the gender gap in entrepreneurship. Applying a decomposition analysis, we observe that the higher risk aversion among women explains a large share of the entrepreneurial gender gap. We also find an education effect contributing to the gender difference. In contrast, the Big Five model and the current employment state have effects in the opposite direction, meaning that the gender gap in entrepreneurial entry would be even larger if women had the same scores and the same employment status as men. (JEL codes: L26, J16, D81, J24, M13).},
  language  = {en}
}