@article{CaliendoMahlstedtvandenBergetal.2022, author = {Caliendo, Marco and Mahlstedt, Robert and van den Berg, Gerard J. and Vikstr{\"o}m, Johan}, title = {Side effects of labor market policies}, series = {The Scandinavian journal of economics}, volume = {125}, journal = {The Scandinavian journal of economics}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0347-0520}, doi = {10.1111/sjoe.12514}, pages = {339 -- 375}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Labor market policies, such as training and sanctions, are commonly used to bring workers back to work. By analogy to medical treatments, exposure to these tools can have side effects. We study the effects on health using individual-level population registers on labor market outcomes, drug prescriptions, and sickness absence, comparing outcomes before and after exposure to training and sanctions. Training improves cardiovascular and mental health, and lowers sickness absence. This is likely to be the result of the instantaneous features of participation, such as the adoption of a more rigorous daily routine, rather than improved employment prospects. Benefits sanctions cause a short-run deterioration of mental health.}, language = {en} } @techreport{CaliendoMahlstedtvandenBergetal.2020, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Caliendo, Marco and Mahlstedt, Robert and van den Berg, Gerard J. and Vikstr{\"o}m, Johan}, title = {Side Effects of Labor Market Policies}, series = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, journal = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, number = {22}, issn = {2628-653X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-47883}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-478839}, pages = {33}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Labor market policy tools such as training and sanctions are commonly used to help bring workers back to work. By analogy to medical treatments, the individual exposure to these tools may have side effects. We study effects on health using individual-level population registers on labor market events outcomes, drug prescriptions and sickness absence, comparing outcomes before and after exposure to training and sanctions. We find that training improves cardiovascular and mental health and lowers sickness absence. The results suggest that this is not due to improved employment prospects but rather to instantaneous features of participation such as, perhaps, the adoption of a more rigorous daily routine. Unemployment benefits sanctions cause a short-run deterioration of mental health, possibly due higher stress levels, but this tapers out quickly.}, language = {en} } @misc{BaldKopyraKeller2014, author = {Bald, Ilko and Kopyra, Janina and Keller, Adrian}, title = {On the role of fluoro-substituted nucleosides in DNA radiosensitization for tumor radiation therapy}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-73412}, pages = {6825 -- 6829}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Gemcitabine (2′,2′-difluorocytidine) is a well-known radiosensitizer routinely applied in concomitant chemoradiotherapy. During irradiation of biological media with high-energy radiation secondary low-energy (<10 eV) electrons are produced that can directly induce chemical bond breakage in DNA by dissociative electron attachment (DEA). Here, we investigate and compare DEA to the three molecules 2′-deoxycytidine, 2′-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine, and gemcitabine. Fluorination at specific molecular sites, i.e., nucleobase or sugar moiety, is found to control electron attachment and subsequent dissociation pathways. The presence of two fluorine atoms at the sugar ring results in more efficient electron attachment to the sugar moiety and subsequent bond cleavage. For the formation of the dehydrogenated nucleobase anion, we obtain an enhancement factor of 2.8 upon fluorination of the sugar, whereas the enhancement factor is 5.5 when the nucleobase is fluorinated. The observed fragmentation reactions suggest enhanced DNA strand breakage induced by secondary electrons when gemcitabine is incorporated into DNA.}, language = {en} } @article{BaldKellerKopyra2014, author = {Bald, Ilko and Keller, Adrian and Kopyra, Janina}, title = {On the role of fluoro-substituted nucleosides in DNA radiosensitization for tumor radiation therapy}, series = {RSC Advances : an international journal to further the chemical sciences}, volume = {4}, journal = {RSC Advances : an international journal to further the chemical sciences}, number = {13}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, issn = {2046-2069}, doi = {10.1039/C3RA46735J}, pages = {6825 -- 6829}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Gemcitabine (2′,2′-difluorocytidine) is a well-known radiosensitizer routinely applied in concomitant chemoradiotherapy. During irradiation of biological media with high-energy radiation secondary low-energy (<10 eV) electrons are produced that can directly induce chemical bond breakage in DNA by dissociative electron attachment (DEA). Here, we investigate and compare DEA to the three molecules 2′-deoxycytidine, 2′-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine, and gemcitabine. Fluorination at specific molecular sites, i.e., nucleobase or sugar moiety, is found to control electron attachment and subsequent dissociation pathways. The presence of two fluorine atoms at the sugar ring results in more efficient electron attachment to the sugar moiety and subsequent bond cleavage. For the formation of the dehydrogenated nucleobase anion, we obtain an enhancement factor of 2.8 upon fluorination of the sugar, whereas the enhancement factor is 5.5 when the nucleobase is fluorinated. The observed fragmentation reactions suggest enhanced DNA strand breakage induced by secondary electrons when gemcitabine is incorporated into DNA.}, language = {en} } @misc{Flemes2005, author = {Flemes, Daniel}, title = {Transnationale Bedrohungen in Lateinamerika : Instrumente und Kooperationsebenen der Kriminalit{\"a}ts- und Terrorismusbek{\"a}mpfung}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-48261}, year = {2005}, abstract = {Organized drug trafficking and transnationally networked terrorism are transnational threats in Latin America. Security experts see the first as the paramount problem, but regard the second as a mere potential security risk. Latin America's specific conditions allow limited options for containing non-military threats. Should actors and instruments for containing crime and terrorism be organized on a subregional level, in the Latin American or in the Inter-American context? The author documents promising subregional approaches, especially in the extended Mercosur.}, language = {de} }