@misc{BlenauGrohmannErberetal.2003,
  author    = {Blenau, Wolfgang and Grohmann, Lore and Erber, Joachim and Ebert, Paul R. and Str{\"u}nker, Timo and Baumann, Arnd},
  title     = {Molecular and functional characterization of an octopamine receptor from honeybee (Apis mellifera) brain},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-44293},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {Biogenic amines and their receptors regulate and modulate many physiological and behavioural processes in animals. In vertebrates, octopamine is only found in trace amounts and its function as a true neurotransmitter is unclear. In protostomes, however, octopamine can act as neurotransmitter, neuromodulator and neurohormone. In the honeybee, octopamine acts as a neuromodulator and is involved in learning and memory formation. The identification of potential octopamine receptors is decisive for an understanding of the cellular pathways involved in mediating the effects of octopamine. Here we report the cloning and functional characterization of the first octopamine receptor from the honeybee, Apis mellifera . The gene was isolated from a brain-specific cDNA library. It encodes a protein most closely related to octopamine receptors from Drosophila melanogaster and Lymnea stagnalis . Signalling properties of the cloned receptor were studied in transiently transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. Nanomolar to micromolar concentrations of octopamine induced oscillatory increases in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. In contrast to octopamine, tyramine only elicited Ca2+ responses at micromolar concentrations. The gene is abundantly expressed in many somata of the honeybee brain, suggesting that this octopamine receptor is involved in the processing of sensory inputs, antennal motor outputs and higher-order brain functions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schmidt2006,
  author    = {Schmidt, Ruth Maria},
  title     = {Signalkaskaden und Steuermechanismen in den Speicheldr{\"u}sen von Dipteren},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-7714},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Fl{\"u}ssigkeitssekretion und Proteinsekretion werden in Speicheldr{\"u}sen von Insekten {\"u}ber Hormone und Neurotransmitter gesteuert. Diese entfalten ihre physiologische Wirkung in den sekretorischen Dr{\"u}senzellen haupts{\"a}chlich {\"u}ber den zyklischen Adenosinmonophosphat (cAMP)-Signalweg und den Inositoltrisphosphat (IP<SUB>3</SUB>) / Ca<sup>2+-Signalweg. Die Mechanismen m{\"o}glicher Wechselwirkungen zwischen diesen Signalwegen und ihre physiologischen Auswirkungen sind unzureichend bekannt. Im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit stand die Frage, ob und wie sich der Ca<sup>2+-Signalweg und der cAMP-Signalweg in der Speicheldr{\"u}se der Diptere Calliphora vicina beeinflussen. Substanzen wie 5-Fluoro-α-Methyltryptamin und Histamin wurden in fr{\"u}heren Arbei-ten als Agonisten genutzt, um in den Speicheldr{\"u}sen von C. vicina selektiv den cAMP-Signalweg (getrennt vom IP<SUB>3</SUB>/Ca<sup>2+-Signalweg) zu aktivieren. Es zeigte sich in transepithelialen Potentialmessungen und mikrofluorometrischen Ca<sup>2+-Untersuchungen, dass beide Substanzen sowohl den cAMP-Weg als auch den Ca<sup>2+-Signalweg aktivierten. Die physiologischen Ursachen der Histamin-induzierten Ca<sup>2+-Erh{\"o}hung wurden genauer untersucht. Zusammengefasst zeigten diese Untersuchungen, dass Histamin wie 5-HT den cAMP-Weg und die Phosphoinositidkaskade aktivierte. Im Gegensatz zu den 5-HT-induzierten Ca<sup>2+-Oszillationen, welche durch interzellul{\"a}re Ca<sup>2+-Wellen synchronisiert werden, verursachte Histamin bei niedrigen Konzentrationen lokale Ca<sup>2+-Oszillationen in einzelnen Zellen (keine Wellen). Bei h{\"o}heren Histamin-Konzentrationen war eine anhaltende Ca<sup>2+-Erh{\"o}hung oder ein synchrones <quote>Ca<sup>2+-beating</quote> in der gesamten Dr{\"u}se zu beobachten. Des Weiteren wurde die Frage untersucht, ob eine Erh{\"o}hung der intrazellul{\"a}ren cAMP-Konzentration den IP<SUB>3</SUB> Ca<sup>2+-Signalweg in den Epithelzellen der Speicheldr{\"u}se beeinflussen kann. Es zeigte sich, dass cAMP den durch schwellennahe 5-HT-Konzentrationen induzierten Ca<sup>2+-Anstieg verst{\"a}rkte. Diese Verst{\"a}rkung wurde durch eine PKA-vermittelte Sensitivierung des IP<SUB>3</SUB>-Rezeptor/Ca<sup>2+-Kanals f{\"u}r IP<SUB>3</SUB> verursacht. Immunzytochemische Untersuchungen deuten dar-auf hin, dass die Proteinkinase A eng mit dem IP<SUB>3</SUB>-Rezeptor/Ca<sup>2+-Kanal assoziiert ist. Diese Messungen zeigen erstmals, dass auch bei Invertebraten der Botenstoff cAMP, PKA-vermittelt, den IP<SUB>3</SUB>-Rezeptor/Ca<sup>2+-Kanal des ER f{\"u}r IP<SUB>3</SUB> sensitiviert.},
  subject      = {Speichel},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{SchlenstedtBalfanzBaumannetal.2006,
  author    = {Schlenstedt, Jana and Balfanz, Sabine and Baumann, Arnd and Blenau, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Am5-HT7 : molecular and pharmacological characterization of the first serotonin receptor of the honeybee (Apis mellifera)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-44423},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {The biogenic amine serotonin (5-HT) plays a key role in the regulation and modulation of many physiological and behavioural processes in both vertebrates and invertebrates. These functions are mediated through the binding of serotonin to its receptors, of which 13 subtypes have been characterized in vertebrates. We have isolated a cDNA from the honeybee Apis mellifera (Am5-ht7) sharing high similarity to members of the 5-HT7 receptor family. Expression of the Am5-HT7 receptor in HEK293 cells results in an increase in basal cAMP levels, suggesting that Am5-HT7 is expressed as a constitutively active receptor. Serotonin application to Am5-ht7-transfected cells elevates cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) levels in a dose-dependent manner (EC50 = 1.1-1.8 nM). The Am5-HT7 receptor is also activated by 5-carboxamidotryptamine, whereas methiothepin acts as an inverse agonist. Receptor expression has been investigated by RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, and western blotting experiments. Receptor mRNA is expressed in the perikarya of various brain neuropils, including intrinsic mushroom body neurons, and in peripheral organs. This study marks the first comprehensive characterization of a serotonin receptor in the honeybee and should facilitate further analysis of the role(s) of the receptor in mediating the various central and peripheral effects of 5-HT.},
  language  = {en}
}