@article{SelleGraeffSalzmannetal.2016, author = {Selle, Benny and Graeff, Thomas and Salzmann, Thomas and Oswald, Sascha Eric and Walther, Marc and Miegel, Konrad}, title = {Investigation of a renatured fen catchment on the Baltic Sea coast of Mecklenburg - Part II: Salt dynamics and water balance}, series = {Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung}, volume = {60}, journal = {Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung}, publisher = {Bundesanst. f{\~A}¼r Gew{\~A}\isserkunde}, address = {Koblenz}, issn = {1439-1783}, doi = {10.5675/HyWa_2016.4_2}, pages = {259 -- 268}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Coastal fens like the nature reserve "Hutelmoor und Heiligensee" (north-eastern Germany) are important landscape elements along the southern Baltic coast, which exchange fresh water and brackish water with the Baltic Sea. These exchange processes can be understood as experiments with a natural tracer, which may be used to investigate the hydrologic behaviour of these fen systems. With the establishment of coastal protection measures such as dunes and dikes, the installation of surface drainage and, more recently, also nature conservation measures, the hydrologic regime of these coastal wetlands has constantly altered over the last centuries.The rehabilitated wetland "Hutelnnoor und Heiligensee" is suitable for an analysis of hydrologic change as it has been monitored over the time period since nature conservation measures started in the 1990s. Collected data sets included observation of groundwater levels and electrical conductivities, weather data as well as discharge at the outlet of the drainage catchment. In this article, as a second part of the dual publication, processes and quantified process magnitudes have been identified that govern the salt balance of the study area including its variability in space and time. It was detected that - over the period of rehabilitation - salt water entered the catchment with an episodic storm surge by wave overtopping of dunes in 1995. The intruded brackish water was then diluted, which was a slow process extending over decades. It was governed by local groundwater recharge from precipitation and the inflow of relatively fresh groundwater from the hinterland. It is concluded that salt inputs from the Baltic Sea provide a natural tracer of hydrological processes, which can be readily monitored via electrical conductivity measurements.}, language = {de} } @article{SchibalskiKoernerMaieretal.2018, author = {Schibalski, Anett and K{\"o}rner, Katrin and Maier, Martin and Jeltsch, Florian and Schr{\"o}der, Boris}, title = {Novel model coupling approach for resilience analysis of coastal plant communities}, series = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America}, volume = {28}, journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1051-0761}, doi = {10.1002/eap.1758}, pages = {1640 -- 1654}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Resilience is a major research focus covering a wide range of topics from biodiversity conservation to ecosystem (service) management. Model simulations can assess the resilience of, for example, plant species, measured as the return time to conditions prior to a disturbance. This requires process-based models (PBM) that implement relevant processes such as regeneration and reproduction and thus successfully reproduce transient dynamics after disturbances. Such models are often complex and thus limited to either short-term or small-scale applications, whereas many research questions require species predictions across larger spatial and temporal scales. We suggest a framework to couple a PBM and a statistical species distribution model (SDM), which transfers the results of a resilience analysis by the PBM to SDM predictions. The resulting hybrid model combines the advantages of both approaches: the convenient applicability of SDMs and the relevant process detail of PBMs in abrupt environmental change situations. First, we simulate dynamic responses of species communities to a disturbance event with a PBM. We aggregate the response behavior in two resilience metrics: return time and amplitude of the response peak. These metrics are then used to complement long-term SDM projections with dynamic short-term responses to disturbance. To illustrate our framework, we investigate the effect of abrupt short-term groundwater level and salinity changes on coastal vegetation at the German Baltic Sea. We found two example species to be largely resilient, and, consequently, modifications of SDM predictions consisted mostly of smoothing out peaks in the occurrence probability that were not confirmed by the PBM. Discrepancies between SDM- and PBM-predicted species responses were caused by community dynamics simulated in the PBM and absent from the SDM. Although demonstrated with boosted regression trees (SDM) and an existing individual-based model, IBC-grass (PBM), our flexible framework can easily be applied to other PBM and SDM types, as well as other definitions of short-term disturbances or long-term trends of environmental change. Thus, our framework allows accounting for biological feedbacks in the response to short- and long-term environmental changes as a major advancement in predictive vegetation modeling.}, language = {en} } @article{PieckHerlemannJuergensetal.2015, author = {Pieck, Angelika and Herlemann, Daniel P. P. and Juergens, Klaus and Grossart, Hans-Peter}, title = {Particle-Associated Differ from Free-Living Bacteria in Surface Waters of the Baltic Sea}, series = {Frontiers in microbiology}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in microbiology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-302X}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2015.01297}, pages = {13}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Many studies on bacterial community composition (BCC) do not distinguish between particle associated (PA) and free-living (FL) bacteria or neglect the PA fraction by pre-filtration removing most particles. Although temporal and spatial gradients in environmental variables are known to shape BCC, it remains unclear how and to what extent PA and FL bacterial diversity responds to such environmental changes. To elucidate the BCC of both bacterial fractions related to different environmental settings, we studied surface samples of three Baltic Sea stations (marine, mesohaline, and oligohaline) in two different seasons (summer and fall/winter). Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed significant differences in BCC of both bacterial fractions among stations and seasons, with a particularly high number of PA operational taxonomic units (OTUs at genus-level) at the marine station in both seasons. "Shannon and Simpson indices" showed a higher diversity of PA than FL bacteria at the marine station in both seasons and at the oligohaline station in fall/winter. In general, a high fraction of bacterial OTUs was found exclusively in the PA fraction (52\% of total OTUs). These findings indicate that PA bacteria significantly contribute to overall bacterial richness and that they differ from FL bacteria. Therefore, to gain a deeper understanding on diversity and dynamics of aquatic bacteria, PA and FL bacteria should be generally studied independently.}, language = {en} } @article{MotuzaSliaupaTimmerman2015, author = {Motuza, Gediminas and Sliaupa, Saulius and Timmerman, Martin Jan}, title = {Geochemistry and Ar-40/Ar-39 age of Early Carboniferous dolerite sills in the southern Baltic Sea}, series = {Estonian journal of earth sciences}, volume = {64}, journal = {Estonian journal of earth sciences}, number = {3}, publisher = {Estonian Academy Publ.}, address = {Tallinn}, issn = {1736-4728}, doi = {10.3176/earth.2015.30}, pages = {233 -- 248}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The Early Carboniferous magmatic event in the southern Baltic Sea is manifested by dolerite intrusions. The presumable area in which the dolerite intrusions occur ranges from 30 to 60 km in east-west direction, and is about 100 km in north-south direction. The dolerites were sampled in well D1-1 and investigated by applying chemical analysis and Ar-40/Ar-39 step-heating dating. Dolerites are classified as alkali and sodic, characterized by high TiO2 (3.92, 3.99 wt\%) and P2O5 (1.67, 1.77 wt\%) and low MgO (4.89, 4.91 wt\%) concentrations, enriched in light rare earth elements, originated from an enriched mantle magma source and emplaced in a continental rift tectonic setting. The 351 +/- 11 Ma Ar-40/Ar-39 plateau age for groundmass plagioclase indicates a considerable age gap with the 310-250 Ma magmatism in southern Scandinavia and northern Germany. The magmatic rocks in the Baltic Sedimentary Basin are coeval with alkaline intrusions of NE Poland. Both magmatic provinces lie in the northwestward prolongation of the Pripyat-Dnieper-Donetsk Rift (370-359 Ma) and may constitute a later phase of magmatic activity of this propagating rift system.}, language = {en} } @article{MiegelGraeffFrancketal.2017, author = {Miegel, Konrad and Gr{\"a}ff, Thomas and Franck, Christian and Salzmann, Thomas and Bronstert, Axel and Walther, Marc and Oswald, Sascha Eric}, title = {Auswirkungen des Sturmhochwassers der Ostsee am 4./5. Januar 2017 auf das renaturierte Nieder- moor „H{\"u}telmoor und Heiligensee" an der deut- schen Ostseek{\"u}ste}, series = {Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung}, volume = {61}, journal = {Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung}, number = {4}, publisher = {Bundesanst. f{\"u}r Gew{\"a}sserkunde}, address = {Koblenz}, issn = {1439-1783}, doi = {10.5675/HyWa_2017,4_2}, pages = {232 -- 243}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Entlang der K{\"u}stenniederung des Naturschutzgebietes „H{\"u}telmoor und Heiligensee", ca. 6 km nord{\"o}stlich von Rostock-Warnem{\"u}nde gelegen, wird seit dem Jahr 2000 die K{\"u}stend{\"u}ne nicht mehr instand gehalten. Im Rahmen der Renaturierung des Gebietes werden so grunds{\"a}tzlich wieder {\"U}berflutungen bei Ostseehochwassern zugelassen, was bisher jedoch noch nicht eingetreten ist. Am 4./5. Januar 2017 ereignete sich ein Sturmhochwasser der Ostsee, mit einem Scheitelwasserstand in Warnem{\"u}nde, der sich zwischen dem 10- und 20-j{\"a}hrlichen Hochwasserstand einordnet. Dennoch kam es bei diesem Ereignis nicht zum D{\"u}nendurchbruch und zur seeseitigen {\"U}berflutung, wohl aber zum binnenseitigen Einstrom von Salz- bzw. Brackwasser. Dieser erfolgte {\"u}ber den Graben, durch den das Gebiet normalerweise {\"u}ber die Warnow in die Ostsee entw{\"a}ssert. Durch das Einstr{\"o}men {\"u}ber die Sohlschwelle, sonst Auslass des Gebietes, stiegen die Wasserst{\"a}nde und Salzkonzentrationen in der s{\"u}dwestlichen H{\"a}lfte der Niederung an. Mit zunehmender Entfernung zur Sohlschwelle waren diese Auswirkungen jedoch geringer sp{\"u}rbar. Dies gilt wegen der Retentionswirkung der Niederung mehr f{\"u}r den Wasserstand als f{\"u}r die Salzkonzentration. W{\"a}hrend der Wasserstand durch den Einstau der Niederung und {\"U}berschwemmungen fl{\"a}chenhaft anstieg, breitete sich die Salzfront pr{\"a}ferentiell in den ehemaligen Entw{\"a}sserungsgr{\"a}ben, die trotz des Einstaus nach wie vor hydraulisch aktiv sind, eher linienhaft aus. Diese Interpretation beruht auf Messergebnissen von Wasserstand, elektrischer Leitf{\"a}higkeit und Wassertemperatur.}, language = {de} } @article{KettnerOberbeckmannLabrenzetal.2019, author = {Kettner, Marie Therese and Oberbeckmann, Sonja and Labrenz, Matthias and Grossart, Hans-Peter}, title = {The Eukaryotic Life on Microplastics in Brackish Ecosystems}, series = {Frontiers in Microbiology}, volume = {10}, journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-302X}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2019.00538}, pages = {13}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Microplastics (MP) constitute a widespread contaminant all over the globe. Rivers and wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) transport annually several million tons of MP into freshwaters, estuaries and oceans, where they provide increasing artificial surfaces for microbial colonization. As knowledge on MP-attached communities is insufficient for brackish ecosystems, we conducted exposure experiments in the coastal Baltic Sea, an in-flowing river and a WWTP within the drainage basin. While reporting on prokaryotic and fungal communities from the same set-up previously, we focus here on the entire eukaryotic communities. Using high-throughput 18S rRNA gene sequencing, we analyzed the eukaryotes colonizing on two types of MP, polyethylene and polystyrene, and compared them to the ones in the surrounding water and on a natural surface (wood). More than 500 different taxa across almost all kingdoms of the eukaryotic tree of life were identified on MP, dominated by Alveolata, Metazoa, and Chloroplastida. The eukaryotic community composition on MP was significantly distinct from wood and the surrounding water, with overall lower diversity and the potentially harmful dinoflagellate Pfiesteria being enriched on MP. Co-occurrence networks, which include prokaryotic and eukaryotic taxa, hint at possibilities for dynamic microbial interactions on MP. This first report on total eukaryotic communities on MP in brackish environments highlights the complexity of MP-associated biofilms, potentially leading to altered microbial activities and hence changes in ecosystem functions.}, language = {en} } @article{HaberlandHampeAutenriethetal.2019, author = {Haberland, Christian and Hampe, Oliver and Autenrieth, Marijke and Voss, Manja}, title = {Balaenoptera borealis Lesson, 1828}, series = {Mammalia}, volume = {83}, journal = {Mammalia}, number = {4}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {0025-1461}, doi = {10.1515/mammalia-2017-0149}, pages = {343 -- 351}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The whereabouts of the Balaenoptera borealis holotype, the skeleton of a 1819 stranded specimen, have been unknown since the World War II (WWII). Due to nomenclatural confusion, deficient documentation, and finally WWII bombing, which destroyed predominantly cetacean material in the Museum fib Naturkunde Berlin (MfN), the type skeleton of the sei whale sank into oblivion. Construction activities enabled a recent search and study on the remaining whale material. Here, we provide evidence that the type specimen was not destroyed. On the basis of species-wide and individual characters of the type material such as the shape of cranial elements and the pattern of the maxillary foramina, we show that the skull and mandibles, the vertebral column (except the atlas), and the ribs of the holotype remain intact. Further evidence that these skeletal remains belong to the previously missing holotype is provided by the characteristics of the spine. In addition, we analyzed ancient DNA from bone samples and confirm they are B. borealis, and the occurrence of same mitochondrial haplotypes indicate that the bones belong to the same individual. Additionally, a blue inscription was discovered at the caudal epiphysis of a thoracic vertebra; historical research matched this inscription with the material belonging to the former Anatomical-Zootomical Museum, from which the holotype was once bought.}, language = {en} }