@article{HadzicEichlerVoelleretal.2022, author = {Hadzic, Miralem and Eichler, Sarah and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Salzwedel, Annett}, title = {Akzeptanz und Nutzung eines telemedizinischen Rehabilitationsprogramms f{\"u}r Patienten mit Knie- oder H{\"u}ft-Totalendoprothese}, series = {Bewegungstherapie und Gesundheitssport : B \& G ; offizielles Organ des Deutschen Verbandes f{\"u}r Gesundheitssport und Sporttherapie e.V. (DVGS)}, volume = {38}, journal = {Bewegungstherapie und Gesundheitssport : B \& G ; offizielles Organ des Deutschen Verbandes f{\"u}r Gesundheitssport und Sporttherapie e.V. (DVGS)}, number = {01}, publisher = {Thieme}, address = {Stuttgart}, organization = {Arbeitsgrp ReMove-It}, issn = {1613-0863}, doi = {10.1055/a-1714-3629}, pages = {20 -- 25}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Objective of the study: The long-term use of telemedical programs depends not only on their effectiveness, but also on patient acceptance and satisfaction. The effectiveness of telemedical exercise therapy for patients after implantation of a total knee or hip prosthesis and subsequent rehabilitation has already been examined in a randomized controlled study. This article focuses on the patient's acceptance and usage behaviour with regard to the tele-rehabilitation system. Methodology: 48 patients (53 +/- 7 years; 26 women; 35 hip/13 knee TEP) were questioned after a three-month telemedical movement therapy using the Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ) to determine the acceptance of the technology. The questionnaire consisted of 21 items (seven-point Likert scale) in six scales (e. g. usefulness, quality of interactions, reliability). System-specific questions were summarized on an additional scale. The results were presented as a percentage of the scale (100 estimates complete agreement). The usage behaviour was examined using system-generated process data for training and integrated voice/text messages. Results: The TUQ scales "Usefulness" (Mdn 95.2) and "Ease of use and learnability" (Mdn 92.9) were rated the highest, while "Reliability" (Mdn 57.1) and "Quality of interactions" ( Mdn 71.4) showed the lowest levels. The system-specific scale was placed in the upper quartile (Mdn 85.7). In the first week, 39 patients (81\%) and in the second 45 patients (94\%) performed at least one training exercise with the system. The proportion of active patients (>= 1 exercise/week) decreased in the further course to 75\% (n=36) in the 7th week and 48\% (n=23) in the 12th week. The system communication options were initially used frequently after the start of therapy: in the first week, 42 patients (88\%) sent messages, 47 patients (98\%) received messages from their therapist respectively. In week 7, 9 (19\%) and 13 (27\%) patients sent/received messages via the system respectively. Conclusion: Most of the patients perceived telemedical movement therapy as useful and user-friendly and seemed to be largely satisfied with the system. This proved to be well suited for short-term use of 6 to 8 weeks following subsequent rehabilitation.}, language = {de} } @article{MuellerMuellerStolletal.2022, author = {Mueller, Steffen and Mueller, Juliane and Stoll, Josefine and Mayer, Frank}, title = {Effect of six-week resistance and sensorimotor training on trunk strength and stability in elite adolescent athletes}, series = {Frontiers in physiology}, volume = {13}, journal = {Frontiers in physiology}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-042X}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2022.802315}, pages = {10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Intervention in the form of core-specific stability exercises is evident to improve trunk stability. The purpose was to assess the effect of an additional 6 weeks sensorimotor or resistance training on maximum isokinetic trunk strength and response to sudden dynamic trunk loading (STL) in highly trained adolescent athletes. The study was conducted as a single-blind, 3-armed randomized controlled trial. Twenty-four adolescent athletes (14f/10 m, 16 +/- 1 yrs.;178 +/- 10 cm; 67 +/- 11 kg; training sessions/week 15 +/- 5; training h/week 22 +/- 8) were randomized into resistance training (RT; n = 7), sensorimotor training (SMT; n = 10), and control group (CG; n = 7). Athletes were instructed to perform standardized, center-based training for 6 weeks, two times per week, with a duration of 1 h each session. SMT consisted of four different core-specific sensorimotor exercises using instable surfaces. RT consisted of four trunk strength exercises using strength training machines, as well as an isokinetic dynamometer. All participants in the CG received an unspecific heart frequency controlled, ergometer-based endurance training (50 min at max. heart frequency of 130HF). For each athlete, each training session was documented in an individual training diary (e.g., level of SMT exercise; 1RM for strength exercise, pain). At baseline (M1) and after 6 weeks of intervention (M2), participants' maximum strength in trunk rotation (ROM:63 degrees) and flexion/extension (ROM:55 degrees) was tested on an isokinetic dynamometer (concentric/eccentric 30 degrees/s). STL was assessed in eccentric (30 degrees/s) mode with additional dynamometer-induced perturbation as a marker of core stability. Peak torque [Nm] was calculated as the main outcome. The primary outcome measurements (trunk rotation/extension peak torque: con, ecc, STL) were statistically analyzed by means of the two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance (alpha = 0.05). Out of 12 possible sessions, athletes participated between 8 and 9 sessions (SMT: 9 +/- 3; RT: 8 +/- 3; CG: 8 +/- 4). Regarding main outcomes of trunk performance, experimental groups showed no significant pre-post difference for maximum trunk strength testing as well as for perturbation compensation (p > 0.05). It is concluded, that future interventions should exceed 6 weeks duration with at least 2 sessions per week to induce enhanced trunk strength or compensatory response to sudden, high-intensity trunk loading in already highly trained adolescent athletes, regardless of training regime.}, language = {en} } @article{NairLinWippert2022, author = {Na{\"i}r, Alexandra and Lin, Chiao-I and Wippert, Pia-Maria}, title = {Translation and adaptation of the French version of the risk stratification index, a tool for stratified care in chronic low back pain}, series = {Medicina : monthly medical journal of Lithuanian Medical Association, Kaunas}, volume = {58}, journal = {Medicina : monthly medical journal of Lithuanian Medical Association, Kaunas}, number = {4}, publisher = {Kaunas Univ. of Medicine}, address = {Kaunas, Litauen}, issn = {1648-9144}, doi = {10.3390/medicina58040469}, pages = {1 -- 8}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background and Objectives: Low back pain is a worldwide health problem. An early diagnosis is required to develop personalized treatment strategies. The Risk Stratification Index (RSI) was developed to serve the purpose. The aim of this pilot study is to cross-culturally translate the RSI to a French version (RSI-F) and evaluate the test-retest reliability of RSI-F using a French active population. Materials and Methods: The RSI was translated from German to French (RSI-F) based on the guidelines of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. A total of 42 French recreational athletes (age 18-63 years) with non-specific low back pain were recruited and filled in the RSI-F twice. The test-retest reliability was examined using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC1,2) and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Finally, 33 questionnaires were analyzed (14 males and 19 females, age 31 ± 10 years, 9.5 ± 3.2 h/week of training). The test-retest of RSI-F CPI and DISS were excellent (CPI: ICC1,2 = 0.989, p < 0.001; r = 0.989, p < 0.001; DISS: ICC1,2 = 0.991, p < 0.001; r = 0.991, p < 0.001), as well as Korff pain intensity (ICC1,2 = 0.995, p < 0.001; r = 0.995, p < 0.001) and disability (ICC1,2 = 0.998, p < 0.001; r = 0.998, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The RSI-F is linguistically accurate and reliable for use by a French-speaking active population with non-specific low back pain. The RSI-F is considered a tool to examine the evolution of psychosocial factors and therefore the risk of chronicity and the prognostic of pain. Further evaluations, such as internal, external validity, and responsiveness should be evaluated in a larger population.}, language = {en} } @article{KuschelSonnenburgEngel2022, author = {Kuschel, Luciano Bruno and Sonnenburg, Dominik and Engel, Tilman}, title = {Factors of muscle quality and determinants of muscle strength}, series = {Healthcare}, volume = {10}, journal = {Healthcare}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2227-9032}, doi = {10.3390/healthcare10101937}, pages = {29}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Muscle quality defined as the ratio of muscle strength to muscle mass disregards underlying factors which influence muscle strength. The aim of this review was to investigate the relationship of phase angle (PhA), echo intensity (EI), muscular adipose tissue (MAT), muscle fiber type, fascicle pennation angle (θf), fascicle length (lf), muscle oxidative capacity, insulin sensitivity (IS), neuromuscular activation, and motor unit to muscle strength. PubMed search was performed in 2021. The inclusion criteria were: (i) original research, (ii) human participants, (iii) adults (≥18 years). Exclusion criteria were: (i) no full-text, (ii) non-English or -German language, (iii) pathologies. Forty-one studies were identified. Nine studies found a weak-moderate negative (range r: [-0.26]-[-0.656], p < 0.05) correlation between muscle strength and EI. Four studies found a weak-moderate positive correlation (range r: 0.177-0.696, p < 0.05) between muscle strength and PhA. Two studies found a moderate-strong negative correlation (range r: [-0.446]-[-0.87], p < 0.05) between muscle strength and MAT. Two studies found a weak-strong positive correlation (range r: 0.28-0.907, p < 0.05) between θf and muscle strength. Muscle oxidative capacity was found to be a predictor of muscle strength. This review highlights that the current definition of muscle quality should be expanded upon as to encompass all possible factors of muscle quality.}, language = {en} } @article{HeroldTheobaldGronwaldetal.2022, author = {Herold, Fabian and Theobald, Paula and Gronwald, Thomas and Rapp, Michael Armin and M{\"u}ller, Notger Germar}, title = {Going digital - a commentary on the terminology used at the intersection of physical activity and digital health}, series = {European review of aging and physical activity}, volume = {19}, journal = {European review of aging and physical activity}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg}, issn = {1861-6909}, doi = {10.1186/s11556-022-00296-y}, pages = {7}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In recent years digital technologies have become a major means for providing health-related services and this trend was strongly reinforced by the current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As it is well-known that regular physical activity has positive effects on individual physical and mental health and thus is an important prerequisite for healthy aging, digital technologies are also increasingly used to promote unstructured and structured forms of physical activity. However, in the course of this development, several terms (e.g., Digital Health, Electronic Health, Mobile Health, Telehealth, Telemedicine, and Telerehabilitation) have been introduced to refer to the application of digital technologies to provide health-related services such as physical interventions. Unfortunately, the above-mentioned terms are often used in several different ways, but also relatively interchangeably. Given that ambiguous terminology is a major source of difficulty in scientific communication which can impede the progress of theoretical and empirical research, this article aims to make the reader aware of the subtle differences between the relevant terms which are applied at the intersection of physical activity and Digital Health and to provide state-of-art definitions for them.}, language = {en} } @article{PawellekZiegeldorfWulff2022, author = {Pawellek, Sabine and Ziegeldorf, Alexandra and Wulff, Hagen}, title = {Strategien und Effekte digitaler Interventionen bei der {\"U}bergewichts- und Adipositastherapie von Kindern und Jugendlichen}, series = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz}, volume = {65}, journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg}, issn = {1436-9990}, doi = {10.1007/s00103-022-03512-3}, pages = {624 -- 634}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background Rising obesity prevalence in childhood and adolescence are characterized by unhealthy lifestyles such as low physical activity due to high media use. Recent studies use the accessibility of this target group through digital media, whereby technologies represent new approaches in the intervention design of weight reduction. However, the question arises as to which digital combinations and methodological program concepts condition effective body mass index (BMI) changes. Aim To gain insights into effective program design and media use; digital intervention strategies for BMI reduction in overweight and obese children and adolescents will be analyzed and evaluated. Methods A systematic review was conducted in the databases MEDLINE via PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science to analyze studies from 2016 to 2021 on changes in BMI and BMI z-score of overweight and obese 6- to 18-year-olds. Methodological study quality was assessed according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias guidelines. Results From 3974 studies, seven articles describing the use of fitness wristbands, smartphones, and computer-based programs were identified. All media achieved BMI reductions, with smartphone interventions via calls and messages causing the most significant changes. Discussion Smartphones as providers of digital programs (e.g., apps) offer effective approaches to obesity reduction. Based on the data, the selection and combination of several media as well as the relevance of family involvement and the methodological foundation of the measures are confirmed. Due to the young age of the participants, media interventions must be made accessible to the target group.}, language = {de} } @article{BrehmerWolffVoelleretal.2022, author = {Brehmer, Nataliia and Wolff, Lara Luisa and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Salzwedel, Annett}, title = {Was bestimmt die subjektiven Erwerbsaussichten nach einem akuten kardialen Ereignis?}, series = {Das Gesundheitswesen : Sozialmedizin, Gesundheits-System-Forschung, public health, {\"o}ffentlicher Gesundheitsdienst, medizinischer Dienst}, volume = {84}, journal = {Das Gesundheitswesen : Sozialmedizin, Gesundheits-System-Forschung, public health, {\"o}ffentlicher Gesundheitsdienst, medizinischer Dienst}, number = {08/09}, publisher = {Thieme}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0941-3790}, doi = {10.1055/s-0042-1753584}, pages = {710 -- 711}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Einleitung Mehr als ein Drittel der PatientInnen im berufsf{\"a}higen Alter in der kardiologischen Anschlussrehabilitation (AR) sind von besonderen beruflichen Problemlagen (BBPL) betroffen. Die BBPL sind durch eine negative subjektive Erwerbsprognose (SE) determiniert, die wiederum auf eine deutlich reduzierte Wahrscheinlichkeit der beruflichen Wiedereingliederung hindeutet. Diese Studie hatte die Exploration von pers{\"o}nlich bestimmenden Faktoren der SE zum Ziel, um Impulse f{\"u}r die patientInnenzentrierte Betreuung in der AR ableiten zu k{\"o}nnen. Methoden Die monozentrische explorative qualitative Studie basierte auf leitfadengest{\"u}tzten Einzelinterviews mit PatientInnen der kardiologischen AR. Hierf{\"u}r wurden 20 PatientInnen mit BBPL (Hauptstichprobe) und 5 ohne BBPL (Kontraststichprobe) in QIV/2021 eingeschlossen. Die Stichprobenauswahl erfolgte nach dem Prinzip des theoretischen Samplings mit sich {\"u}berschneidender Rekrutierungs- und Auswertungsphase. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels thematischer Analyse, wobei die Interviews sinngem{\"a}ß auf Aussagen (Codes) reduziert und anschließend in Schl{\"u}sselthemen zusammengefasst wurden. Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden sieben Schl{\"u}sselthemen generiert. Die ersten beiden umfassen (1) umwelt- und (2) personenbezogene Aspekte (z. B. (1): Personalsituation, Auswirkungen der Pandemie; (2) Selbstwahrnehmung, Arbeitsplatzeinfl{\"u}sse). Die weiteren Themen schließen (4) krankheitsbezogene Vorerfahrungen (z. B. Erfahrungen mit Gesundheitssystem, famili{\"a}re Pr{\"a}disposition) und (5) Zukunftsvorstellungen (z. B. Priorit{\"a}ten{\"a}nderung, Rauchentw{\"o}hnung) ein. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wurden drei spezifische Themen identifiziert: (5) die Gesundheitswahrnehmung einschließlich der empfundenen Belastbarkeit, (6) die Ver{\"a}nderbarkeit der Arbeitsbedingungen und (7) die Angst, wieder zu erkranken. Alle befragten RehabilitandInnen planten die R{\"u}ckkehr in die Berufst{\"a}tigkeit sowie umfassende Ver{\"a}nderungen des Gesundheitsverhaltens im Privatleben und am Arbeitsplatz. Schlussfolgerung Im Zusammenhang mit der BBPL wurden psychosoziale Aspekte deutlich h{\"a}ufiger thematisiert als medizinische. Auffallend war zudem, dass alle befragten RehabilitandInnen den beruflichen Wiedereinstieg planten, auch bei negativer SE. Diese wurde durch Faktoren bestimmt, die als Folge einer Neubewertung der pers{\"o}nlichen Priorit{\"a}ten nach stattgehabten Akutereignis zu betrachten sind. Zur Unterst{\"u}tzung der Krankheitsverarbeitung sowie zur F{\"o}rderung der Teilhabe einschließlich des Wiedereinstiegs in das Berufsleben scheint die interprofessionelle Erarbeitung eines individuell-differenzierten Handlungsplans mit Nachsorgeoptionen in der kardiologischen AR f{\"u}r die betroffenen PatientInnen sinnvoll.}, language = {de} } @article{DeekenRapp2022, author = {Deeken, Friederike and Rapp, Michael Armin}, title = {Technology-based interventions as an approach to treating apathy in people with dementia}, series = {International psychogeriatrics : the official journal of the International Psychogeriatric Association}, volume = {34}, journal = {International psychogeriatrics : the official journal of the International Psychogeriatric Association}, number = {2}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1741-203X}, doi = {10.1017/S1041610222000035}, pages = {95 -- 96}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{WippertPuertoValenciaDriesslein2022, author = {Wippert, Pia-Maria and Puerto Valencia, Laura and Drießlein, David}, title = {Stress and pain}, series = {Frontiers in medicine}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers in medicine}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne, Schweiz}, issn = {2296-858X}, doi = {10.3389/fmed.2022.828954}, pages = {14}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) leads to considerable impairment of quality of life worldwide and is often accompanied by psychosomatic symptoms. Objectives: First, to assess the association between stress and chronic low back pain (CLBP) and its simultaneous appearance with fatigue and depression as a symptom triad. Second, to identify the most predictive stress-related pattern set for CLBP for a 1-year diagnosis. Methods: In a 1-year observational study with four measurement points, a total of 140 volunteers (aged 18-45 years with intermittent pain) were recruited. The primary outcomes were pain [characteristic pain intensity (CPI), subjective pain disability (DISS)], fatigue, and depressive mood. Stress was assessed as chronic stress, perceived stress, effort reward imbalance, life events, and physiological markers [allostatic load index (ALI), hair cortisol concentration (HCC)]. Multiple linear regression models and selection procedures for model shrinkage and variable selection (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) were applied. Prediction accuracy was calculated by root mean squared error (RMSE) and receiver-operating characteristic curves. Results: There were 110 participants completed the baseline assessments (28.2 7.5 years, 38.1\% female), including HCC, and a further of 46 participants agreed to ALI laboratory measurements. Different stress types were associated with LBP, CLBP, fatigue, and depressive mood and its joint occurrence as a symptom triad at baseline; mainly social-related stress types were of relevance. Work-related stress, such as "excessive demands at work"[b = 0.51 (95\%CI -0.23, 1.25), p = 0.18] played a role for upcoming chronic pain disability. "Social overload" [b = 0.45 (95\%CI -0.06, 0.96), p = 0.080] and "over-commitment at work" [b = 0.28 (95\%CI -0.39, 0.95), p = 0.42] were associated with an upcoming depressive mood within 1-year. Finally, seven psychometric (CPI: RMSE = 12.63; DISS: RMSE = 9.81) and five biomarkers (CPI: RMSE = 12.21; DISS: RMSE = 8.94) could be derived as the most predictive pattern set for a 1-year prediction of CLBP. The biomarker set showed an apparent area under the curve of 0.88 for CPI and 0.99 for DISS. Conclusion: Stress disrupts allostasis and favors the development of chronic pain, fatigue, and depression and the emergence of a "hypocortisolemic symptom triad," whereby the social-related stressors play a significant role. For translational medicine, a predictive pattern set could be derived which enables to diagnose the individuals at higher risk for the upcoming pain disorders and can be used in practice.}, language = {en} } @article{TimmeCookSchipferetal.2022, author = {Timme, Sinika and Cook, Brian and Schipfer, Melanie and Stoll, Oliver}, title = {Forced to stay at home}, series = {German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research}, volume = {52}, journal = {German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {2509-3142}, doi = {10.1007/s12662-022-00800-7}, pages = {477 -- 481}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The effects of COVID-19-related lockdowns on deterioration of mental health and use of exercise to remediate such effects has been well documented in numerous populations. However, it remains unknown how lockdown restrictions impacted individuals differently and who was more likely to change their exercise behavior and experience negative well-being. The current study examined exercise dependence as a risk factor and its impact on exercise behavior and mood during the initial COVID-19 lockdowns on a global scale in 11,898 participants from 17 countries. Mixed effects models revealed that reducing exercise behavior was associated with a stronger decrease in mood for individuals at risk of exercise dependence compared to individuals at low risk of exercise dependence. Participants at high risk and exercising more prior to the pandemic reported the most exercise during lockdown. Effects of lowered mood were most pronounced in participants with high risk of exercise dependence who reported greater reduction in exercise frequency during lockdown. These results support recent etiological evidence for exercise dependence and add to a growing body of literature documenting mental health effects related to COVID-19.}, language = {en} } @article{NoutsiasHauptmannVoeller2022, author = {Noutsias, Michel and Hauptmann, Michael and V{\"o}ller, Heinz}, title = {Pointing a FINGER at the contribution of lifestyle to cardiovascular events and dementia}, series = {European heart journal}, volume = {43}, journal = {European heart journal}, number = {21}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0195-668X}, doi = {10.1093/eurheartj/ehac186}, pages = {2062 -- 2064}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{MoranValiDruryetal.2022, author = {Moran, Jason and Vali, Norodin and Drury, Ben and Hammami, Raouf and Tallent, Jamie and Chaabene, Helmi and Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo}, title = {The effect of volume equated 1-versus 2-day formats of Nordic hamstring exercise training on fitness in youth soccer players}, series = {PLOS ONE}, volume = {17}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, number = {12}, publisher = {PLOS}, address = {San Francisco, California, US}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0277437}, pages = {13}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Purpose This randomised controlled trial examined the effect of an 8-week volume-equated programme of Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) training, executed at frequencies of 1- or 2-days per week, on fitness (10 m and 40 m sprint, '505' change of direction [COD] and standing long jump [SLJ]) in male youth soccer players (mean age: 16.4 0.81 years). Method Players were divided into an experimental group (n = 16) which was further subdivided into 1-day (n = 8) and 2-day (n = 8) per week training groups and a control group (n = 8). Results There were significant group-by-time interactions for 10-m sprint (p<0.001, eta(2) = 0.120, d = 2.05 [0.57 to 3.53]), 40-m sprint (p = 0.001, eta(2) = 0.041, d = 1.09 [-0.23 to 2.4]) and COD (p = 0.002, eta(2) = 0.063, d = 1.25 [-0.09 to 2.59). The experimental group demonstrated a 'very large' effect size (d = 3.02 [1.5 to 4.54]) in 10-m sprint, and 'large' effect sizes in 40-m sprint (d = 1.94 [0.98 to 2.90]) and COD (d = 1.84 [0.85 to 2.83). The control group showed no significant changes. There were no significant differences between the 1-day and 2-day training groups. In three of the four tests (40 m, COD, SLJ) the 2-day group demonstrated larger effect sizes. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were significantly lower in the 2-day group (p<0.001, 3.46 [1.83 to 5.04). Conclusion The NHE increases fitness in youth soccer players and there may be advantages to spreading training over two days instead of one.}, language = {en} } @article{BehrendtBielitzkiBehrensetal.2022, author = {Behrendt, Tom and Bielitzki, Robert and Behrens, Martin and Herold, Fabian and Schega, Lutz}, title = {Effects of intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia on performance- and health-related outcomes in humans}, series = {Sports medicine - open}, volume = {8}, journal = {Sports medicine - open}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin [u.a.]}, issn = {2199-1170}, doi = {10.1186/s40798-022-00450-x}, pages = {28}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background: Intermittent hypoxia applied at rest or in combination with exercise promotes multiple beneficial adaptations with regard to performance and health in humans. It was hypothesized that replacing normoxia by moderate hyperoxia can increase the adaptive response to the intermittent hypoxic stimulus. Objective: Our objective was to systematically review the current state of the literature on the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia (IHH) on performance- and health-related outcomes in humans. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science (TM), Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (January 2000 to September 2021) using the following inclusion criteria: (1) original research articles involving humans, (2) investigation of the chronic effect of IHH, (3) inclusion of a control group being not exposed to IHH, and (4) articles published in peer-reviewed journals written in English. Results: Of 1085 articles initially found, eight studies were included. IHH was solely performed at rest in different populations including geriatric patients (n = 1), older patients with cardiovascular (n = 3) and metabolic disease (n = 2) or cognitive impairment (n = 1), and young athletes with overtraining syndrome (n = 1). The included studies confirmed the beneficial effects of chronic exposure to IHH, showing improvements in exercise tolerance, peak oxygen uptake, and global cognitive functions, as well as lowered blood glucose levels. A trend was discernible that chronic exposure to IHH can trigger a reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The evidence of whether IHH exerts beneficial effects on blood lipid levels and haematological parameters is currently inconclusive. A meta-analysis was not possible because the reviewed studies had a considerable heterogeneity concerning the investigated populations and outcome parameters. Conclusion: Based on the published literature, it can be suggested that chronic exposure to IHH might be a promising non-pharmacological intervention strategy for improving peak oxygen consumption, exercise tolerance, and cognitive performance as well as reducing blood glucose levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in older patients with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases or cognitive impairment. However, further randomized controlled trials with adequate sample sizes are needed to confirm and extend the evidence. This systematic review was registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO-ID: CRD42021281248) (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).}, language = {en} } @article{MarkovHauserChaabene2022, author = {Markov, Adrian and Hauser, Lukas and Chaabene, Helmi}, title = {Effects of concurrent strength and endurance training on measures of physical fitness in healthy middle-aged and older adults}, series = {Sports medicine : an international journal of applied medicine and science in sport and exercise}, volume = {53}, journal = {Sports medicine : an international journal of applied medicine and science in sport and exercise}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {0112-1642}, doi = {10.1007/s40279-022-01764-2}, pages = {437 -- 455}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background There is evidence that in older adults the combination of strength training (ST) and endurance training (ET) (i.e., concurrent training [CT]) has similar effects on measures of muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE) compared with single-mode ST or ET, respectively. Therefore, CT seems to be an effective method to target broad aspects of physical fitness in older adults. Objectives The aim was to examine the effects of CT on measures of physical fitness (i.e., muscle strength, power, balance and CRE) in healthy middle-aged and older adults aged between 50 and 73 years. We also aimed to identify key moderating variables to guide training prescription. Study Design We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Data Sources The electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, MEDLINE and Google Scholar were systematically searched until February 2022. Eligibility Criteria for Selecting Studies We included randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of CT versus passive controls on measures of physical fitness in healthy middle-aged and older adults aged between 50 and 73 years. Results Fifteen studies were eligible, including a total of 566 participants. CT induced moderate positive effects on muscle strength (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.74) and power (SMD = 0.50), with a small effect on CRE (SMD = 0.48). However, no significant effects were detected for balance (p > 0.05). Older adults > 65 years (SMD = 1.04) and females (SMD = 1.05) displayed larger improvements in muscle strength compared with adults <= 65 years old (SMD = 0.60) and males (SMD = 0.38), respectively. For CRE, moderate positive effects (SMD = 0.52) were reported in those <= 65 years old only, with relatively larger gains in females (SMD = 0.55) compared with males (SMD = 0.45). However, no significant differences between all subgroups were detected. Independent single training factor analysis indicated larger positive effects of 12 weeks (SMD = 0.87 and 0.88) compared with 21 weeks (SMD = 0.47 and 0.29) of CT on muscle strength and power, respectively, while for CRE, 21 weeks of CT resulted in larger gains (SMD = 0.62) than 12 weeks (SMD = 0.40). For CT frequency, three sessions per week produced larger beneficial effects (SMD = 0.91) on muscle strength compared with four sessions (SMD = 0.55), whereas for CRE, moderate positive effects were only noted after four sessions per week (SMD = 0.58). A session duration of > 30-60 min generated larger improvements in muscle strength (SMD = 0.99) and power (SMD = 0.88) compared with > 60-90 min (SMD = 0.40 and 0.29, respectively). However, for CRE, longer session durations (i.e., > 60-90 min) seem to be more effective (SMD = 0.61) than shorter ones (i.e., > 30-60 min) (SMD = 0.34). ET at moderate-to-near maximal intensities produced moderate (SMD = 0.64) and small positive effects (SMD = 0.49) on muscle strength and CRE, respectively, with no effects at low intensity ET (p > 0.05). Finally, intra-session ST before ET produced larger gains in muscle strength (SMD = 1.00) compared with separate sessions (SMD = 0.55), whereas ET and ST carried out separately induced larger improvements in CRE (SMD = 0.58) compared with intra-session ET before ST (SMD = 0.49). Conclusions CT is an effective method to improve measures of physical fitness (i.e., muscle strength, power, and CRE) in healthy middle-aged and older adults aged between 50 and 73 years, regardless of sex. Results of independent single training factor analysis indicated that the largest effects on muscle strength were observed after 12 weeks of training, > 30-60 min per session, three sessions per week, higher ET intensities and when ST preceded ET within the same session. For CRE, the largest effects were noted after 21 weeks of training, four sessions per week, > 60-90 min per session, higher ET intensities and when ET and ST sessions were performed separately. Regarding muscle power, the largest effects were observed after 12 weeks of training and > 30-60 min per session.}, language = {en} } @article{TimmeHutchinsonRegoriusetal.2022, author = {Timme, Sinika and Hutchinson, Jasmin and Regorius, Anton and Brand, Ralf}, title = {The influence of affective priming on the affective response during exercise}, series = {Journal of sport \& exercise psychology}, volume = {44}, journal = {Journal of sport \& exercise psychology}, number = {4}, publisher = {Human Kinetics Publishers}, address = {Champaign}, issn = {0895-2779}, doi = {10.1123/jsep.2022-0025}, pages = {286 -- 294}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The affective response during exercise is an important factor for long-term exercise adherence. Pottratz et al. suggested affective priming as a behavioral intervention for the enhancement of exercise-related affect. The present paper aims to replicate and extend upon these findings. We conducted a close replication with 53 participants completing a brisk walking task in two conditions (prime vs. no prime). Affective valence was assessed during exercise, and exercise enjoyment and remembered/forecasted pleasure were assessed postexercise. We could not replicate the findings of Pottratz et al., finding no evidence for positive changes in psychological responses in the priming condition. However, linear mixed models demonstrated significant interindividual differences in how participants responded to priming. These results demonstrate that affective priming during exercise does not work for everyone under every circumstance and, thus, provide an important contribution to the understanding of boundary conditions and moderating factors for priming in exercise psychology.}, language = {en} } @article{Mueller2022, author = {M{\"u}ller, Notger Germar}, title = {Keeping the aging brain healthy through exercise}, series = {Brain Sciences}, volume = {12}, journal = {Brain Sciences}, number = {6}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2076-3425}, doi = {10.3390/brainsci12060717}, pages = {2}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The interaction of physical activity and brain function with respect to what we now call successful aging has been and remains extensively studied. In general, a wealth of studies indicates that short- and long-term physical activity can induce neuroplasticity even in the adult brain, can enhance cognitive performance positively and may reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of physical activity on the human central nervous systems are not yet fully understood. Additionally, what type of exercise might be optimal for keeping the brain fit in old age and whether imagined as opposed to real exercise has the potential to be effective as well is not yet clear. In this Special Issue of Brain Sciences, six high-quality articles assess the mentioned open questions.}, language = {en} } @article{NiehuesGerlachWendebornetal.2022, author = {Niehues, Maike and Gerlach, Erin and Wendeborn, Thomas and Sallen, Jeffrey}, title = {Successful in sports but worse in school?}, series = {Frontiers in education}, volume = {7}, journal = {Frontiers in education}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2504-284X}, doi = {10.3389/feduc.2022.946284}, pages = {14}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Studies have evaluated the effectiveness of dual career (DC) support services among student-athletes by examining scholastic performances. These studies investigated self-reported grades student-athletes or focused on career choices student-athletes made after leaving school. Most of these studies examined scholastic performances cross-sectionally among lower secondary school student-athletes or student-athletes in higher education. The present longitudinal field study in a quasi-experimental design aims to evaluate the development of scholastic performances among upper secondary school students aged 16-19 by using standardized scholastic assessments and grade points in the subject English over a course of 3-4 years. A sample of 159 students (54.4\% females) at three German Elite Sport Schools (ESS) and three comprehensive schools participated in the study. The sample was split into six groups according to three criteria: (1) students' athletic engagement, (2) school type attendance, and (3) usage of DC support services in secondary school. Repeated-measurement analyses of variance were conducted in order to evaluate the impact of the three previously mentioned criteria as well as their interaction on the development of scholastic performances. Findings indicated that the development of English performance levels differ among the six groups.}, language = {en} } @article{BuschTrounsonBrowneetal.2022, author = {Busch, Aglaja and Trounson, Karl M. and Browne, Peter and Robertson, Sam}, title = {Effects of lower limb light-weight wearable resistance on running biomechanics}, series = {Journal of biomechanics : affiliated with the American Society of Biomechanics, the European Society of Biomechanics, the International Society of Biomechanics, the Japanese Society for Clinical Biomechanics and Related Research and the Australian and New Zealand Society of Biomechanics}, volume = {130}, journal = {Journal of biomechanics : affiliated with the American Society of Biomechanics, the European Society of Biomechanics, the International Society of Biomechanics, the Japanese Society for Clinical Biomechanics and Related Research and the Australian and New Zealand Society of Biomechanics}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {New York, NY [u.a.]}, issn = {0021-9290}, doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110903}, pages = {7}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Wearable resistance allows individualized loading for sport specific movements and can lead to specific strength adaptations benefiting the athlete. The objective was to determine biomechanical changes during running with lower limb light-weight wearable resistance. Fourteen participants (age: 28 +/- 4 years; height: 180 +/- 8 cm; body mass: 77 +/- 6 kg) wore shorts and calf sleeves of a compression suit allowing attachment of light loads. Participants completed four times two mins 20-m over-ground shuttle running bouts at 3.3 m*s(-1) alternated by three mins rest. The first running bout was unloaded and the other three bouts were under randomised loaded conditions (1\%, 3\% and 5\% additional loading of the individual body mass). 3D motion cameras and force plates recorded kinematic and kinetic data at the midpoint of each 20-m shuttle. Friedman-test for repeated measures and linear mixed effect model analysis were used to determine differences between the loading conditions (alpha = 0.05). Increased peak vertical ground reaction force (2.7 N/kg to 2.74 N/kg), ground contact time (0.20 s to 0.21 s) and decreased step length (1.49 m to 1.45 m) were found with additional 5 \% body mass loading compared to unloaded running (0.001 > p < 0.007). Marginally more knee flexion and hip extension and less plantarflexion was seen with higher loading. Differences in the assessed parameters were present between each loading condition but accompanied by subject variability. Further studies, also examining long term effects, should be conducted to further inform use of this training tool.}, language = {en} } @article{HeroldBehrendtMeissneretal.2022, author = {Herold, Fabian and Behrendt, Tom and Meißner, Caroline and M{\"u}ller, Notger Germar and Schega, Lutz}, title = {The Influence of acute sprint interval training on cognitive performance of healthy younger adults}, series = {International journal of environmental research and public health : IJERPH / Molecular Diversity Preservation International}, volume = {19}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health : IJERPH / Molecular Diversity Preservation International}, number = {1}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1660-4601}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19010613}, pages = {14}, year = {2022}, abstract = {There is considerable evidence showing that an acute bout of physical exercises can improve cognitive performance, but the optimal exercise characteristics (e.g., exercise type and exercise intensity) remain elusive. In this regard, there is a gap in the literature to which extent sprint interval training (SIT) can enhance cognitive performance. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of a time-efficient SIT, termed as "shortened-sprint reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training" (SSREHIT), on cognitive performance. Nineteen healthy adults aged 20-28 years were enrolled and assessed for attentional performance (via the d2 test), working memory performance (via Digit Span Forward/Backward), and peripheral blood lactate concentration immediately before and 10 min after an SSREHIT and a cognitive engagement control condition (i.e., reading). We observed that SSREHIT can enhance specific aspects of attentional performance, as it improved the percent error rate (F\%) in the d-2 test (t (18) = -2.249, p = 0.037, d = -0.516), which constitutes a qualitative measure of precision and thoroughness. However, SSREHIT did not change other measures of attentional or working memory performance. In addition, we observed that the exercise-induced increase in the peripheral blood lactate levels correlated with changes in attentional performance, i.e., the total number of responses (GZ) (r(m) = 0.70, p < 0.001), objective measures of concentration (SKL) (r(m) = 0.73, p < 0.001), and F\% (r(m) = -0.54, p = 0.015). The present study provides initial evidence that a single bout of SSREHIT can improve specific aspects of attentional performance and conforming evidence for a positive link between cognitive improvements and changes in peripheral blood lactate levels.}, language = {en} } @article{SackFerrariFriesenetal.2022, author = {Sack, Carolin and Ferrari, Nina and Friesen, David and Haas, Fabiola and Klaudius, Marlen and Schmidt, Lisa and Torbahn, Gabriel and Wulff, Hagen and Joisten, Christine}, title = {Health risks of sarcopenic obesity in overweight children and adolescents: data from the CHILT III Programme (Cologne)}, series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine : open access journal}, volume = {11}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Medicine : open access journal}, number = {1}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2077-0383}, doi = {10.3390/jcm11010277}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Sarcopenic obesity is increasingly found in youth, but its health consequences remain unclear. Therefore, we studied the prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors as well as muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness using data from the German Children's Health InterventionaL Trial (CHILT III) programme. In addition to anthropometric data and blood pressure, muscle and fat mass were determined with bioelectrical impedance analysis. Sarcopenia was classified via muscle-to-fat ratio. A fasting blood sample was taken, muscular fitness was determined using the standing long jump, and cardiorespiratory fitness was determined using bicycle ergometry. Of the 119 obese participants included in the analysis (47.1\% female, mean age 12.2 years), 83 (69.7\%) had sarcopenia. Affected individuals had higher gamma-glutamyl transferase, higher glutamate pyruvate transaminase, higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, higher diastolic blood pressure, and lower muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness (each p < 0.05) compared to participants who were 'only' obese. No differences were found in other parameters. In our study, sarcopenic obesity was associated with various disorders in children and adolescents. However, the clinical value must be tested with larger samples and reference populations to develop a unique definition and appropriate methods in terms of identification but also related preventive or therapeutic approaches.}, language = {en} }