@article{HeyerClahsen2014,
  author    = {Heyer, Vera and Clahsen, Harald},
  title     = {Late bilinguals see a scan in scanner AND in scandal: dissecting formal overlap from morphological priming in the processing of derived words},
  series = {Bilingualism : language and cognition.},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {Bilingualism : language and cognition.},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1366-7289},
  doi       = {10.1017/S1366728914000662},
  pages     = {543 -- 550},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Masked priming research with late (non-native) bilinguals has reported facilitation effects following morphologically derived prime words (scanner - scan). However, unlike for native speakers, there are suggestions that purely orthographic prime-target overlap (scandal - scan) also produces priming in non-native visual word recognition. Our study directly compares orthographically related and derived prime-target pairs. While native readers showed morphological but not formal overlap priming, the two prime types yielded the same magnitudes of facilitation for non-natives. We argue that early word recognition processes in a non-native language are more influenced by surface-form properties than in one's native language.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CiaccioVerissimo2022,
  author    = {Ciaccio, Laura Anna and Ver{\´i}ssimo, Jo{\~a}o},
  title     = {Investigating variability in morphological processing with Bayesian distributional models},
  series = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society},
  journal   = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1069-9384},
  doi       = {10.3758/s13423-022-02109-w},
  pages     = {2264 -- 2274},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {We investigated the processing of morphologically complex words adopting an approach that goes beyond estimating average effects and allows testing predictions about variability in performance. We tested masked morphological priming effects with English derived ('printer') and inflected ('printed') forms priming their stems ('print') in non-native speakers, a population that is characterized by large variability. We modeled reaction times with a shifted-lognormal distribution using Bayesian distributional models, which allow assessing effects of experimental manipulations on both the mean of the response distribution ('mu') and its standard deviation ('sigma'). Our results show similar effects on mean response times for inflected and derived primes, but a difference between the two on the sigma of the distribution, with inflectional priming increasing response time variability to a significantly larger extent than derivational priming. This is in line with previous research on non-native processing, which shows more variable results across studies for the processing of inflected forms than for derived forms. More generally, our study shows that treating variability in performance as a direct object of investigation can crucially inform models of language processing, by disentangling effects which would otherwise be indistinguishable. We therefore emphasize the importance of looking beyond average performance and testing predictions on other parameters of the distribution rather than just its central tendency.},
  language  = {en}
}