@article{ScheelHoeppnerGrotevendtetal.2017,
  author    = {Scheel, Tabea and Hoeppner, Dorothea and Grotevendt, Anne and Barthlen, Winfried},
  title     = {Clowns in Paediatric Surgery: Less Anxiety and More Oxytocin? A Pilot Study},
  series = {Klinische P{\"a}diatrie : clinical research and practice in pediatrics},
  volume    = {229},
  journal   = {Klinische P{\"a}diatrie : clinical research and practice in pediatrics},
  publisher = {Thieme},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0300-8630},
  doi       = {10.1055/s-0043-106854},
  pages     = {274 -- 280},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background Hospital stays and medical interventions are accompanied by worries and anxiety in children and parents. Recent studies show that hospital clowns may reduce anxiety and enhance well-being. However, so far studies are based solely on subjective measures and clowns are usually not integrated in medical routine. With this pilot study, we aim to provide both psychological and physiological evidence of positive effects of clowns' interventions in hospitalized children. Patients/Method In a consecutive randomized intervention-control group design with 31 children aged 4 to 13 years, 17 patients were accompanied by a clown prior to surgery or during ward round (intervention group) and 14 were not (control group). Saliva samples for oxytocin measurement were taken from all patients before hospitalization (T1) and prior to surgery or after ward round (T2). Self- and parents-reports were obtained at T1, T2 as well as at time of discharge from hospital (T3) regarding children's anxiety (STAI), worries and well-being. Clowns evaluated their success in cheering up the child. Health professionals were asked for their acceptance of clowns in hospitals. Results Children in the intervention group had lower anxiety ratings and a higher oxytocin concentration at T2 as compared with T1; the control group showed no changes. Parents rated the well-being of their children higher if their child had clown's contact and were more willing to recommend the hospital. The staff judged the clowns as helpful for patients. Discussion Consistent psychological and physiological results suggest the positive impact of a clown's intervention in hospitalized children.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NguyenWongJuangetal.2015,
  author    = {Nguyen, Chi P. and Wong, Y. Joel and Juang, Linda P. and Park, Irene J. K.},
  title     = {Pathways Among Asian Americans' Family Ethnic Socialization, Ethnic Identity, and Psychological Well-Being: A Multigroup Mediation Model},
  series = {Asian American journal of psychology},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Asian American journal of psychology},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {1948-1985},
  doi       = {10.1037/aap0000026},
  pages     = {273 -- 280},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The present study examined the mediating role of ethnic identity in the relation between family ethnic socialization and psychological well-being among Asian American college students. In addition, it explored the moderating role of gender in the pathways among 3 variables. Participants were 970 Asian American college students who were part of the Multi-Site University Study of Identity and Culture (MUSIC). Results from a multigroup structural equation model indicated that family ethnic socialization was positively and significantly related to ethnic identity and psychological well-being, whereas ethnic identity was also positively and significantly related to psychological well-being. Furthermore, family ethnic socialization was related to psychological well-being through different pathways for Asian American women versus men. Ethnic identity significantly mediated the association between family ethnic socialization and psychological well-being for women, but not for men. In contrast, family ethnic socialization was more strongly related to psychological well-being for men than for women. The practical implications for mental health professionals working with Asian American families are also discussed, particularly with regard to the role of family ethnic socialization in Asian American families.},
  language  = {en}
}