@phdthesis{Hoehne2011, author = {H{\"o}hne, Janet}, title = {Aktivit{\"a}ts- und Herzfrequenz-Monitoring zur Erfassung der Bewegungszeit und der Bewegungsintensit{\"a}t im schulischen und außerschulischen Kontext von Grundsch{\"u}lern im Land Brandenburg}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57937}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2011}, abstract = {"Kinderwelt ist Bewegungswelt" (Schmidt, 1997, S. 156, zitiert nach Schmidt, Hartmann-Tews \& Brettschneider, 2003, S. 31). Das kindliche Bewegungsverhalten hat sich bereits im Grundschulalter ver{\"a}ndert, so dass sich Bewegungsaktivit{\"a}ten von Kindern erheblich unterscheiden und keineswegs mehr verallgemeinert werden k{\"o}nnen. Richtet man den Fokus auf die Frage „Wie bewegt sind unsere Kinder?" so scheint diese von den Medien bereits beantwortet zu sein, da dort von ansteigendem Bewegungsmangel der heutigen Kinder gegen{\"u}ber fr{\"u}heren Generationen berichtet wird. Wenn es in den Diskussionen um den Gesundheitszustand unserer Kinder geht, nimmt die k{\"o}rperlich-sportliche Aktivit{\"a}t eine entscheidende Rolle ein. Bewegungsmangel ist hierbei ein zentraler Begriff der in der {\"O}ffentlichkeit diskutiert wird. Bei der Betrachtung der einzelnen Studien f{\"a}llt auf, dass deutliche Defizite in der Messung der k{\"o}rperlich-sportlichen Aktivit{\"a}t bestehen. Zentraler Kritikpunkt in den meisten Studien ist die subjektive Erfassung der k{\"o}rperlich-sportlichen Aktivit{\"a}t. Ein Großteil bisheriger Untersuchungen zum Bewegungsverhalten basiert auf Beobachtungen, Befragungen oder Bewegungstageb{\"u}chern. Diese liefern ausschließlich zum Teil subjektive Einsch{\"a}tzungen der Kinder oder Eltern {\"u}ber die tats{\"a}chliche Bewegungszeit und -intensit{\"a}t. Das objektive Erfassen der Aktivit{\"a}t bzw. Inaktivit{\"a}t ist zwar seit einigen Jahren zentraler Gegenstand vieler Studien, dennoch gilt es, dieses noch sachkundiger zu l{\"o}sen, um subjektive und objektive Daten zu vergleichen. Um dem Bewegungsmangel der heutigen Kinder entgegenzuwirken, sind empirisch abgesicherte Erkenntnisse {\"u}ber die Bedingungsfaktoren und die Folgen des ver{\"a}nderten Bewegungsverhaltens dringend n{\"o}tig. Die Quer- und L{\"a}ngsschnittuntersuchung umfasst die Bereiche Anthropometrie, die Erfassung der k{\"o}rperlich-sportlichen Aktivit{\"a}t und die Herzfrequenzmessung {\"u}ber 24h. F{\"u}r die Studie konnten 106 Jungen und M{\"a}dchen im Zeitraum von Januar 2007 bis April 2009 rekrutiert und {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft werden. Die physiologischen Parameter wurden mit Hilfe des ACTIHEART-Messsytems aufgezeichnet und berechnet. Die Ergebnisse zur k{\"o}rperlich-sportlichen Aktivit{\"a}t wurden in die Untersuchungsabschnitte Schulzeit gesamt, Pause, Sportunterricht, Nachmittag und 24h unterteilt. Durch das Messsystem werden die Bewegungsaktivit{\"a}t und die Herzfrequenz synchron aufgezeichnet. Das System nimmt die Beschleunigungswerte des K{\"o}rpers auf und speichert sie im frei w{\"a}hlbaren Zeitintervall, Short oder Long Term, in Form von „activity counts" ab. Das Messsytem berechnet weiterhin die Intensit{\"a}t k{\"o}rperlicher Aktivit{\"a}t.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Rietsch2013, author = {Rietsch, Katrin}, title = {Body composition especially external skeletal robustness in association with physical activity and recreation in pre-pubertal children : a national and international investigation}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-66913}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2013}, abstract = {In children the way of life, nutrition and recreation changed in recent years and as a consequence body composition shifted as well. It is established that overweight belongs to a global problem. In addition, German children exhibit a less robust skeleton than ten years ago. These developments may elevate the risk of cardiovascular diseases and skeletal modifications. Heredity and environmental factors as nutrition, socioeconomic status, physical activity and inactivity influence fat accumulation and the skeletal system. Based on these negative developments associations between type of body shape, skeletal measures and physical activity; relations between external skeletal robustness, physical activity and inactivity, BMI and body fat and also the progress of body composition especially external skeletal robustness in comparison in Russian and German children were investigated. In a cross-sectional study 691 German boys and girls aged 6 to 10 years were examined. Anthropometric measurements were taken and questionnaires about physical activity and inactivity were answered by parents. Additionally, pedometers were worn to determinate the physical activity in children. To compare the body composition in Russian and German children data from the years 2000 and 2010 were used. The study has shown that pyknomorphic individuals exhibit the highest external skeletal robustness and leptomorphic ones the lowest. Leptomorphic children may have a higher risk for bone diseases in adulthood. Pyknomorphic boys are more physically active by tendency. This is assessed as positive because pyknomorphic types display the highest BMI and body fat. Results showed that physical activity may reduce BMI and body fat. In contrast physical inactivity may lead to an increase of BMI and body fat and may rise with increasing age. Physical activity encourages additionally a robust skeleton. Furthermore external skeletal robustness is associated with BMI in order that BMI as a measure of overweight should be consider critically. The international 10-year comparison has shown an increase of BMI in Russian children and German boys. Currently, Russian children exhibit a higher external skeletal robustness than the Germans. However, in Russian boys skeleton is less robust than ten years ago. This trend should be observed in the future as well in other countries. All in all, several measures should be used to describe health situation in children and adults. Furthermore, in children it is essential to support physical activity in order to reduce the risk of obesity and to maintain a robust skeleton. In this way diseases are able to prevent in adulthood.}, language = {en} } @misc{JekaucBrand2017, author = {Jekauc, Darko and Brand, Ralf}, title = {Editorial: How do Emotions and Feelings Regulate Physical Activity?}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01145}, pages = {3}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @misc{TimmeBrandRaboldt2023, author = {Timme, Sinika and Brand, Ralf and Raboldt, Michaela}, title = {Exercise or not?}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {834}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-58863}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-588638}, pages = {10}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Objective: Individuals' decisions to engage in exercise are often the result of in-the-moment choices between exercise and a competing behavioral alternative. The purpose of this study was to investigate processes that occur in-the-moment (i.e., situated processes) when individuals are faced with the choice between exercise and a behavioral alternative during a computerized task. These were analyzed against the background of interindividual differences in individuals' automatic valuation and controlled evaluation of exercise. Method: In a behavioral alternatives task 101 participants were asked whether they would rather choose an exercise option or a behavioral alternative in 25 trials. Participants' gaze behavior (first gaze and fixations) was recorded using eye-tracking. An exercise-specific affect misattribution procedure (AMP) was used to assess participants' automatic valuation of exercise before the task. After the task, self-reported feelings towards exercise (controlled evaluation) and usual weekly exercise volume were assessed. Mixed effects models with random effects for subjects and trials were used for data analysis. Results: Choosing exercise was positively correlated with individuals' automatic valuation (r = 0.20, p = 0.05), controlled evaluation (r = 0.58, p < 0.001), and their weekly exercise volume (r = 0.43, p < 0.001). Participants showed no bias in their initial gaze or number of fixations towards the exercise or the non-exercise alternative. However, participants were 1.30 times more likely to fixate on the chosen alternative first and more frequently, but this gaze behavior was not related to individuals' automatic valuation, controlled evaluation, or weekly exercise volume. Conclusion: The results suggest that situated processes arising from defined behavioral alternatives may be independent of individuals' general preferences. Despite one's best general intention to exercise more, the choice of a non-exercise alternative behavior may seem more appealing in-the-moment and eventually be chosen. New psychological theories of health behavior change should therefore better consider the role of potentially conflicting alternatives when it comes to initiating physical activity or exercise.}, language = {en} } @article{TimmeBrandRaboldt2023, author = {Timme, Sinika and Brand, Ralf and Raboldt, Michaela}, title = {Exercise or not?}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {14}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1049356}, pages = {10}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Objective: Individuals' decisions to engage in exercise are often the result of in-the-moment choices between exercise and a competing behavioral alternative. The purpose of this study was to investigate processes that occur in-the-moment (i.e., situated processes) when individuals are faced with the choice between exercise and a behavioral alternative during a computerized task. These were analyzed against the background of interindividual differences in individuals' automatic valuation and controlled evaluation of exercise. Method: In a behavioral alternatives task 101 participants were asked whether they would rather choose an exercise option or a behavioral alternative in 25 trials. Participants' gaze behavior (first gaze and fixations) was recorded using eye-tracking. An exercise-specific affect misattribution procedure (AMP) was used to assess participants' automatic valuation of exercise before the task. After the task, self-reported feelings towards exercise (controlled evaluation) and usual weekly exercise volume were assessed. Mixed effects models with random effects for subjects and trials were used for data analysis. Results: Choosing exercise was positively correlated with individuals' automatic valuation (r = 0.20, p = 0.05), controlled evaluation (r = 0.58, p < 0.001), and their weekly exercise volume (r = 0.43, p < 0.001). Participants showed no bias in their initial gaze or number of fixations towards the exercise or the non-exercise alternative. However, participants were 1.30 times more likely to fixate on the chosen alternative first and more frequently, but this gaze behavior was not related to individuals' automatic valuation, controlled evaluation, or weekly exercise volume. Conclusion: The results suggest that situated processes arising from defined behavioral alternatives may be independent of individuals' general preferences. Despite one's best general intention to exercise more, the choice of a non-exercise alternative behavior may seem more appealing in-the-moment and eventually be chosen. New psychological theories of health behavior change should therefore better consider the role of potentially conflicting alternatives when it comes to initiating physical activity or exercise.}, language = {en} } @misc{DietrichJacobsZhengetal.2019, author = {Dietrich, Stefan and Jacobs, Simone and Zheng, Ju-Sheng and Meidtner, Karina and Schwingshackl, Lukas and Schulze, Matthias Bernd}, title = {Gene-lifestyle interaction on risk of type 2 diabetes}, series = {Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity}, volume = {20}, journal = {Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity}, number = {11}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1467-7881}, doi = {10.1111/obr.12921}, pages = {1557 -- 1571}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The pathophysiological influence of gene-lifestyle interactions on the risk to develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) is currently under intensive research. This systematic review summarizes the evidence for gene-lifestyle interactions regarding T2D incidence. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched until 31 January 2019 to identify publication with (a) prospective study design; (b) T2D incidence; (c) gene-diet, gene-physical activity, and gene-weight loss intervention interaction; and (d) population who are healthy or prediabetic. Of 66 eligible publications, 28 reported significant interactions. A variety of different genetic variants and dietary factors were studied. Variants at TCF7L2 were most frequently investigated and showed interactions with fiber and whole grain on T2D incidence. Further gene-diet interactions were reported for, eg, a western dietary pattern with a T2D-GRS, fat and carbohydrate with IRS1 rs2943641, and heme iron with variants of HFE. Physical activity showed interaction with HNF1B, IRS1, PPAR gamma, ADRA2B, SLC2A2, and ABCC8 variants and weight loss interventions with ENPP1, PPAR gamma, ADIPOR2, ADRA2B, TNF alpha, and LIPC variants. However, most findings represent single study findings obtained in European ethnicities. Although some interactions have been reported, their conclusiveness is still low, as most findings were not yet replicated across multiple study populations.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Polemiti2022, author = {Polemiti, Elli}, title = {Identifying risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-57103}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-571038}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xii, 292}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Diabetes is hallmarked by high blood glucose levels, which cause progressive generalised vascular damage, leading to microvascular and macrovascular complications. Diabetes-related complications cause severe and prolonged morbidity and are a major cause of mortality among people with diabetes. Despite increasing attention to risk factors of type 2 diabetes, existing evidence is scarce or inconclusive regarding vascular complications and research investigating both micro- and macrovascular complications is lacking. This thesis aims to contribute to current knowledge by identifying risk factors - mainly related to lifestyle - of vascular complications, addressing methodological limitations of previous literature and providing comparative data between micro- and macrovascular complications. To address this overall aim, three specific objectives were set. The first was to investigate the effects of diabetes complication burden and lifestyle-related risk factors on the incidence of (further) complications. Studies suggest that diabetes complications are interrelated. However, they have been studied mainly independently of individuals' complication burden. A five-state time-to-event model was constructed to examine the longitudinal patterns of micro- (kidney disease, neuropathy and retinopathy) and macrovascular complications (myocardial infarction and stroke) and their association with the occurrence of subsequent complications. Applying the same model, the effect of modifiable lifestyle factors, assessed alone and in combination with complication load, on the incidence of diabetes complications was studied. The selected lifestyle factors were body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, smoking status, physical activity, and intake of coffee, red meat, whole grains, and alcohol. Analyses were conducted in a cohort of 1199 participants with incident type 2 diabetes from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam, who were free of vascular complications at diabetes diagnosis. During a median follow-up time of 11.6 years, 96 cases of macrovascular complications (myocardial infarction and stroke) and 383 microvascular complications (kidney disease, neuropathy and retinopathy) were identified. In multivariable-adjusted models, the occurrence of a microvascular complication was associated with a higher incidence of further micro- (Hazard ratio [HR] 1.90; 95\% Confidence interval [CI] 0.90, 3.98) and macrovascular complications (HR 4.72; 95\% CI 1.25, 17.68), compared with persons without a complication burden. In addition, participants who developed a macrovascular event had a twofold higher risk of future microvascular complications (HR 2.26; 95\% CI 1.05, 4.86). The models were adjusted for age, sex, state duration, education, lifestyle, glucose-lowering medication, and pre-existing conditions of hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Smoking was positively associated with macrovascular disease, while an inverse association was observed with higher coffee intake. Whole grain and alcohol intake were inversely associated with microvascular complications, and a U-shaped association was observed for red meat intake. BMI and waist circumference were positively associated with microvascular events. The associations between lifestyle factors and incidence of complications were not modified by concurrent complication burden, except for red meat intake and smoking status, where the associations were attenuated among individuals with a previous complication. The second objective was to perform an in-depth investigation of the association between BMI and BMI change and risk of micro- and macrovascular complications. There is an ongoing debate on the association between obesity and risk of macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes, with studies suggesting a protective effect among people with overweight or obesity. These findings, however, might be limited due to suboptimal control for smoking, pre-existing chronic disease, or short-follow-up. After additional exclusion of persons with cancer history at diabetes onset, the associations between pre-diagnosis BMI and relative annual change between pre- and post-diagnosis BMI and incidence of complications were evaluated in multivariable-adjusted Cox models. The analyses were adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking status and duration, physical activity, alcohol consumption, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and family history of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Among 1083 EPIC-Potsdam participants, 85 macrovascular and 347 microvascular complications were identified during a median follow-up period of 10.8 years. Higher pre-diagnosis BMI was associated with an increased risk of total microvascular complications (HR per 5 kg/m2 1.21; 95\% CI 1.07, 1.36), kidney disease (HR 1.39; 95\% CI 1.21, 1.60) and neuropathy (HR 1.12; 95\% CI 0.96, 1.31); but no association was observed for macrovascular complications (HR 1.05; 95\% CI 0.81, 1.36). Effect modification was not evident by sex, smoking status, or age groups. In analyses according to BMI change categories, BMI loss of more than 1\% indicated a decreased risk of total microvascular complications (HR 0.62; 95\% CI 0.47, 0.80), kidney disease (HR 0.57; 95\% CI 0.40, 0.81) and neuropathy (HR 0.73; 95\% CI 0.52, 1.03), compared with participants with a stable BMI. No clear association was observed for macrovascular complications (HR 1.04; 95\% CI 0.62, 1.74). The impact of BMI gain on diabetes-related vascular disease was less evident. Associations were consistent across strata of age, sex, pre-diagnosis BMI, or medication but appeared stronger among never-smokers than current or former smokers. The last objective was to evaluate whether individuals with a high-risk profile for diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) also have a greater risk of complications. Within the EPIC-Potsdam study, two accurate prognostic tools were developed, the German Diabetes Risk Score (GDRS) and the CVD Risk Score (CVDRS), which predict the 5-year type 2 diabetes risk and 10-year CVD risk, respectively. Both scores provide a non-clinical and clinical version. Components of the risk scores include age, sex, waist circumference, prevalence of hypertension, family history of diabetes or CVD, lifestyle factors, and clinical factors (only in clinical versions). The association of the risk scores with diabetes complications and their discriminatory performance for complications were assessed. In crude Cox models, both versions of GDRS and CVDRS were positively associated with macrovascular complications and total microvascular complications, kidney disease and neuropathy. Higher GDRS was also associated with an elevated risk of retinopathy. The discrimination of the scores (clinical and non-clinical) was poor for all complications, with the C-index ranging from 0.58 to 0.66 for macrovascular complications and from 0.60 to 0.62 for microvascular complications. In conclusion, this work illustrates that the risk of complication development among individuals with type 2 diabetes is related to the existing complication load, and attention should be given to regular monitoring for future complications. It underlines the importance of weight management and adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviours, including high intake of whole grains, moderation in red meat and alcohol consumption and avoidance of smoking to prevent major diabetes-associated complications, regardless of complication burden. Risk scores predictive for type 2 diabetes and CVD were related to elevated risks of complications. By optimising several lifestyle and clinical factors, the risk score can be improved and may assist in lowering complication risk.}, language = {en} } @article{ParfentevaGrothScheffleretal.2019, author = {Parfenteva, Olga and Groth, Detlef and Scheffler, Christiane and Zaharova, Maria F.}, title = {Influence of the A/T polymorphism of the FTO gene and sport specializations on the body composition of young Russian athletes}, series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie}, volume = {76}, journal = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie}, number = {5}, publisher = {Schweizerbart}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0003-5548}, doi = {10.1127/anthranz/2019/0943}, pages = {401 -- 408}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Background: The polymorphism in FTO gene (rs9939609) is known to be associated with higher BMI and body fat mass content. However, environmental factors can modify this effect. The purpose of the present study was to investigate an association between sport specialization and the rs9939609 SNP in FTO gene in the cohort of professional and amateur young athletes. Methods: A total number of 250 young individuals 8-18 years old living in Moscow or Moscow district participated in the study. Individuals were divided into 3 groups in accordance with their physical activity level: control group (n = 49), amateurs (n = 67) and professionals (n = 137). Amateur and professional athletes were subdivided into groups according to their sport specialization. Quantile regression was used as a regression model, where the dependent (outcome) variable was BMI, along with percentage of body fat mass, and the independent variables (predictors) were the rs9939609 SNP in FTO gene, physical activity (active versus inactive), sport specialization (aerobic, intermittent sports and martial arts), nationality, level of sport experience (in years), gender and percentage of free fat mass content. Results: The regression analysis revealed that physical activity and sport specialization had greater impact compared to FTO allele in the group of physically active individuals. Physical activity, in particular aerobic, had negative associations with body fat mass and BMI. The rs9939609 SNP in FTO gene is associated with physical activity and aerobic activity. The magnitude of association becomes significantly larger at the upper quantiles of the body fat mass distribution. Conclusion: Physical activity and sport specialization explained more variance in body composition of physically active young individuals compared to the FTO polymorphism. Effect of interaction of physical activity, in particular aerobic, with the FTO polymorphism on body composition of young athletes was found.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Herold2023, author = {Herold, Fabian}, title = {Kraft und Kognition}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-61118}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-611181}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {187}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die in den letzten Jahren aus Querschnittstudien gewonnenen empirischen Erkenntnisse deuten auf einen Zusammenhang zwischen muskul{\"a}rer Kraftleistungsf{\"a}higkeit und kognitiver Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit hin [10]. Diese Beobachtung wird von L{\"a}ngsschnittstudien gest{\"u}tzt, bei denen in Folge gezielter Krafttrainingsinterventionen, welche typischerweise zur Steigerung der muskul{\"a}ren Kraftleistungsf{\"a}higkeit f{\"u}hren, Verbesserungen der kognitiven Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit dokumentiert werden konnten [11]. Die zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen, die den Zusammenhang zwischen muskul{\"a}rer Kraftleistungsf{\"a}higkeit und kognitiver Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit begr{\"u}nden, sind jedoch noch nicht vollst{\"a}ndig bekannt und bed{\"u}rfen weiterer Forschung [10,12]. Vor diesem Hintergrund hatten die im Rahmen dieser Dissertation durchgef{\"u}hrten Forschungsarbeiten das {\"u}bergeordnete Ziel, die Mechanismen zu untersuchen, welche den Zusammenhang zwischen der muskul{\"a}ren Kraftleistungsf{\"a}higkeit und der kognitiven Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit erkl{\"a}ren k{\"o}nnen. In dieser Arbeit wurden dazu unterschiedliche Populationen (junge Menschen und {\"a}ltere Menschen ohne und mit leichten kognitiven St{\"o}rungen) unter Anwendung verschiedener untersuchungsmethodischer Ans{\"a}tze (systematische Literaturrecherche, Doppelaufgabenparadigma und funktionelle Nahinfrarotspektroskopie) untersucht. Aufgrund der im Rahmen dieser Dissertation durchgef{\"u}hrten Forschungsarbeiten, die konsekutiv aufeinander aufbauen, konnten folgende Haupterkenntnisse gewonnen werden: • Um einen umfassenden {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die aktuelle Evidenzlage zum Thema Kraftleistungsf{\"a}higkeit und kognitiver Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit sowie den zugrundeliegenden neuronalen Korrelaten zu erlangen, wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche zu diesem Forschungsthema durchgef{\"u}hrt. Die Ergebnisse dieser systematischen Literaturrecherche dokumentieren, dass ein gezieltes Krafttraining neben der Steigerung der kognitiven Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit zu funktionellen und strukturellen Ver{\"a}nderungen des Gehirns, insbesondere in frontalen Gehirnregionen, f{\"u}hren kann [13]. Ferner zeigen die Ergebnisse dieser systematischen Literaturrecherche, bei der eine begrenzte Anzahl verf{\"u}gbarer Studien (n = 18) identifiziert wurde, den Bedarf weiterer Forschungsarbeiten zu diesem Themenfeld an [13]. • Zur {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung der Hypothese, dass zur Ausf{\"u}hrung von Krafttrainings{\"u}bungen h{\"o}here kognitive Prozesse ben{\"o}tigt werden, wurde in einer experimentellen Studie bei j{\"u}ngeren gesunden Erwachsenen das Doppelaufgabenparadigma bei der Krafttrainings{\"u}bung Knie-beuge angewendet. Die in dieser Studie beobachteten Doppelaufgabenkosten bei der Ausf{\"u}hrung der Krafttrainings{\"u}bung Kniebeuge (im Vergleich zur Kontrollbedingung Stehen) deuten auf die Beteiligung h{\"o}herer kognitiver Prozesse zur L{\"o}sung dieser Bewegungsaufgabe hin und best{\"a}tigen die aufgestellte Hypothese [14]. • Um die Hypothese zu untersuchen, dass spezifische neuronale Korrelate (funktionelle Gehirnaktivit{\"a}t) den Zusammenhang zwischen muskul{\"a}rer Kraftleistungsf{\"a}higkeit und kognitiver Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit vermitteln, wurde bei jungen gesunden Erwachsenen der Zusammenhang zwischen der Auspr{\"a}gung der maximalen Handgriffkraft (normalisiert auf den Body-Mass-Index) und der kortikalen h{\"a}modynamischen Antwortreaktion untersucht, die bei der Durchf{\"u}hrung eines standardisierten kognitiven Tests mittels funktioneller Nahinfrarotspektroskopie in pr{\"a}frontalen Gehirnarealen gemessen wurde. Im Rahmen dieser Querschnittsstudie konnte die initiale Hypothese nicht vollst{\"a}ndig best{\"a}tigt werden, da zwar Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen maximaler Handgriffkraft und kognitiver Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit mit Parametern der h{\"a}modynamischen Antwortreaktion beobachtet wurden, aber die Auspr{\"a}gung der maximalen Handgriffkraft nicht im Zusammenhang mit der Kurzeitged{\"a}chtnisleistung stand [16]. • Zur Untersuchung der Annahme, dass eine vorliegende neurologische Erkrankung (im Speziellen eine leichte kognitive St{\"o}rung), die typischerweise mit Ver{\"a}nderungen von spezifischen neuronalen Korrelaten (z.B. des Hippokampus' [17-19] und des pr{\"a}frontalen Kortex' [20,21]) einhergeht, einen Einfluss auf die Assoziation zwischen muskul{\"a}rer Kraftleistungsf{\"a}higkeit und kognitiver Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit hat, wurde in einer Querschnittsstudie der Zusammenhang zwischen der Auspr{\"a}gung der maximalen Handgriffkraft (normalisiert auf den Body-Mass-Index) und der Auspr{\"a}gung der exekutiven Funktionen bei {\"a}lteren Erwachsenen mit amnestischem und nicht-amnestischem Subtyp der leichten kognitiven St{\"o}rung sowie gesunden {\"a}lteren Erwachsenen untersucht. In dieser Querschnittsstudie wurde nur bei {\"a}lteren Erwachsenen mit dem amnestischen Subtyp der leichten kognitiven St{\"o}rung ein Zusammenhang zwischen maximaler Handgriffkraft und exekutiven Funktionen beobachtet. Solch eine Korrelation existiert jedoch nicht bei {\"a}lteren Erwachsenen mit dem non-amnestischen Subtyp der leichten kognitiven St{\"o}rung oder bei gesunden {\"a}lteren Erwachsenen [24]. • In einem Perspektivenartikel wurde aufgezeigt, wie durch die theoriegeleitete Nutzung physiologischer Effekte, die bei einer speziellen Krafttrainingsmethode durch die Moderation des peripheren Blutflusses mittels Manschetten oder B{\"a}ndern auftreten, insbesondere Populationen mit niedriger mechanischer Belastbarkeit von den positiven Effekten des Krafttrainings auf die Gehirngesundheit profitieren k{\"o}nnten [25]. Insgesamt deuten die Ergebnisse der in dieser Dissertation zusammengef{\"u}hrten und aufeinander aufbauenden Forschungsarbeiten auf das Vorhandensein von gemeinsamen neuronalen Korrelaten (z.B. frontaler Kortex) hin, die sowohl f{\"u}r die muskul{\"a}re Kraftleistungsf{\"a}higkeit als auch f{\"u}r h{\"o}here kognitive Prozesse eine wichtige Rolle spielen [26]. Betrachtet man die in der vorliegenden Dissertation gewonnenen Erkenntnisse im Verbund mit den bereits in der Literatur existieren-den empirischen Belegen, unterst{\"u}tzen sie die Sichtweise, dass eine relativ hohe muskul{\"a}re Kraftleistungsf{\"a}higkeit und deren Erhalt durch gezielte Krafttrainingsinterventionen {\"u}ber die Lebenspanne positive Effekte auf die (Gehirn-)Gesundheit haben k{\"o}nnen [27].}, language = {de} } @misc{BordeSmithSutherlandetal.2017, author = {Borde, Ron and Smith, Jordan J. and Sutherland, Rachel and Nathan, Nicole and Lubans, David Revalds}, title = {Methodological considerations and impact of school-based interventions on objectively measured physical activity in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis}, series = {Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity}, volume = {18}, journal = {Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1467-7881}, doi = {10.1111/obr.12517}, pages = {476 -- 490}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Objective: The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis are (i) to determine the impact of school-based interventions on objectively measured physical activity among adolescents and (ii) to examine accelerometer methods and decision rule reporting in previous interventions. Methods: A systematic search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials targeting adolescents (age: >= 10 years), conducted in the school setting, and reporting objectively measured physical activity. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to determine the pooled effects of previous interventions on total and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Potential moderators of intervention effects were also explored. Results: Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria, and twelve were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled effects were small and non-significant for both total physical activity (standardized mean difference = 0.02 [95\% confidence interval = -0.13 to 0.18]) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (standardized mean difference = 0.24 [95\% confidence interval = -0.08 to 0.56]). Sample age and accelerometer compliance were significant moderators for total physical activity, with a younger sample and higher compliance associated with larger effects. Conclusion: Previous school-based physical activity interventions targeting adolescents have been largely unsuccessful, particularly for older adolescents. There is a need for more high-quality research using objective monitoring in this population. Future interventions should comply with best-practice recommendations regarding physical activity monitoring protocols.}, language = {en} } @article{ReibisVoeller2020, author = {Reibis, Rona K. and V{\"o}ller, Heinz}, title = {Non pharmacological secondary prevention and rehabilitation}, series = {Aktuelle Kardiologie}, volume = {9}, journal = {Aktuelle Kardiologie}, number = {03}, publisher = {Thieme}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {2193-5203}, doi = {10.1055/a-1185-8460}, pages = {297 -- 302}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Die Sekund{\"a}rpr{\"a}vention der koronaren Herzkrankheit umfasst einerseits eine pharmakologische, andererseits eine lebensstilbasierte S{\"a}ule, die idealerweise interagieren und sich potenzieren. Neben der medikament{\"o}sen Blutdruck- und Lipideinstellung auf leitlinienorientierte Zielwerte erm{\"o}glichen moderne Antidiabetika eine Optimierung des glukometabolischen Kontinuums und eine Prognosebesserung. Die Lebensstiloptimierung setzt sich aus koronarprotektiver Ern{\"a}hrung, einer individualisierten Trainingstherapie, einer konsequenten Nikotinkarenz und stressreduzierenden Maßnahmen zusammen. Die kardiologische Rehabilitation (Phase II) schließt sich idealerweise unmittelbar einem station{\"a}ren Aufenthalt wegen eines akuten Koronarereignisses an, kann aber auch im Rahmen einer stabilen Koronarsituation im Rahmen eines allgemeinen Antragsverfahrens durchgef{\"u}hrt werden. Randomisierte und prospektiv angelegte Interventionsstudien belegen die prognostische Wertigkeit der kardiologischen Rehabilitation auch im Zeitalter akuter Revaskularisationstherapie mit 24-h-PCI und moderner Pharmakotherapie.}, language = {de} } @article{SalzwedelRabeZahnetal.2018, author = {Salzwedel, Annett and Rabe, Sophie and Zahn, Thomas and Neuwirth, Julia and Eichler, Sarah and Haubold, Kathrin and Wachholz, Anne and Reibis, Rona Katharina and V{\"o}ller, Heinz}, title = {Nutzerinteresse an mobilen digitalen Assistenzsystemen zur F{\"o}rderung k{\"o}rperlicher Aktivit{\"a}t bei Studierenden und Mitarbeitern einer Universit{\"a}t}, series = {Gesundheitswesen}, volume = {80}, journal = {Gesundheitswesen}, number = {11}, publisher = {Thieme}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0941-3790}, doi = {10.1055/s-0043-103951}, pages = {1023 -- 1025}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Hintergrund Einem Großteil der Bev{\"o}lkerung gelingt es trotz ausreichenden Wissens um die protektiven Effekte nicht, ausreichende k{\"o}rperliche Aktivit{\"a}t in den Alltag zu integrieren. Digitale Assistenzsysteme k{\"o}nnten hierbei unterst{\"u}tzend eingesetzt werden. Dies setzt jedoch das Interesse potentieller Nutzer voraus. Methode In einer Online-Befragung wurden im Juni/Juli 2015 Mitarbeiter und Studierende der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam zum individuellen Ausmaß der sportlichen Aktivit{\"a}t, dem Interesse an elektronischer Trainingsunterst{\"u}tzung und weiteren Parametern befragt. Ergebnis 1217 Studierende und 485 Mitarbeiter (67,3 bzw. 67,5\% Frauen, 26±4,9 bzw. 42,7±11,7 Jahre) nahmen an der Studie teil. Die empfohlene sportliche Aktivit{\"a}t (≥3 Tage bzw. 150 min/Woche) wurde von 70,1\% der Mitarbeiter und 52,7\% der Studierenden nicht erreicht. Innerhalb dieser Gruppen zeigten 53,2\% (Studierende) bzw. 44,2\% (Mitarbeiter), unabh{\"a}ngig von Alter, Geschlecht, BMI bzw. Bildungsniveau, Interesse an einer elektronischen Trainingsunterst{\"u}tzung. Schlussfolgerung Auch in j{\"u}ngeren Bev{\"o}lkerungsgruppen mit hohem Bildungsniveau ist die Mehrzahl der Personen unzureichend k{\"o}rperlich aktiv. Ein Interesse an Trainingsunterst{\"u}tzung besteht in etwa der H{\"a}lfte dieser sportlich inaktiven Gruppe. Dies legt den Schluss nahe, dass der personalisierte Einsatz mobiler Assistenzsysteme f{\"u}r die positive Beeinflussung des Lebensstils zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnen k{\"o}nnte.}, language = {de} } @article{HeisselPietrekRappetal.2019, author = {Heissel, Andreas and Pietrek, Anou F. and Rapp, Michael Armin and Heinzel, Stephan and Williams, Geoffrey}, title = {Perceived health care climate of older people attending an exercise program}, series = {Journal of aging and physical activity : JAPA ; the official journal of the International Society for Aging and Physical Activity}, volume = {28}, journal = {Journal of aging and physical activity : JAPA ; the official journal of the International Society for Aging and Physical Activity}, number = {2}, publisher = {Human Kinetics Publ.}, address = {Champaign}, issn = {1063-8652}, doi = {10.1123/japa.2018-0350}, pages = {276 -- 286}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The role of perceived need support from exercise professionals in improving mental health was examined in a sample of older adults, thereby validating the short Health Care Climate Questionnaire. A total of 491 older people (M = 72.68 years; SD = 5.47) attending a health exercise program participated in this study. Cronbach's alpha was found to be high (alpha = .90). Satisfaction with the exercise professional correlated moderately with the short Health Care Climate Questionnaire mean value (r = .38; p < .01). The mediator analyses yielded support for the self-determination theory process model in older adults by showing both basic need satisfaction and frustration as mediating variables between perceived autonomy support and depressive symptoms. The short Health Care Climate Questionnaire is an economical instrument for assessing basic need satisfaction provided by the exercise therapist from the participant's perspective. Furthermore, this cross-sectional study supported the link from coaching style to the satisfaction/frustration of basic psychological needs, which in turn, predicted mental health. Analyses of criterion validity suggest a revision of the construct by integrating need frustration.}, language = {en} } @article{SchuchStubbsMeyeretal.2019, author = {Schuch, Felipe B. and Stubbs, Brendon and Meyer, Jacob and Heissel, Andreas and Zech, Philipp and Vancampfort, Davy and Rosenbaum, Simon and Deenik, Jeroen and Firth, Joseph and Ward, Philip B. and Carvalho, Andre F. and Hiles, Sarah A.}, title = {Physical activity protects from incident anxiety: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies}, series = {Depression and anxiety}, volume = {36}, journal = {Depression and anxiety}, number = {9}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1091-4269}, doi = {10.1002/da.22915}, pages = {846 -- 858}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Background Prospective cohorts have suggested that physical activity (PA) can decrease the risk of incident anxiety. However, no meta-analysis has been conducted. Aims To examine the prospective relationship between PA and incident anxiety and explore potential moderators. Methods Searches were conducted on major databases from inception to October 10, 2018 for prospective studies (at least 1 year of follow-up) that calculated the odds ratio (OR) of incident anxiety in people with high PA against people with low PA. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted and heterogeneity was explored using subgroup and meta-regression analysis. Results Across 14 cohorts of 13 unique prospective studies (N = 75,831, median males = 50.1\%) followed for 357,424 person-years, people with high self-reported PA (versus low PA) were at reduced odds of developing anxiety (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.74; 95\% confidence level [95\% CI] = 0.62, 0.88; crude OR = 0.80; 95\% CI = 0.69, 0.92). High self-reported PA was protective against the emergence of agoraphobia (AOR = 0.42; 95\% CI = 0.18, 0.98) and posttraumatic stress disorder (AOR = 0.57; 95\% CI = 0.39, 0.85). The protective effects for anxiety were evident in Asia (AOR = 0.31; 95\% CI = 0.10, 0.96) and Europe (AOR = 0.82; 95\% CI = 0.69, 0.97); for children/adolescents (AOR = 0.52; 95\% CI = 0.29, 0.90) and adults (AOR = 0.81; 95\% CI = 0.69, 0.95). Results remained robust when adjusting for confounding factors. Overall study quality was moderate to high (mean NOS = 6.7 out of 9). Conclusion Evidence supports the notion that self-reported PA can confer protection against the emergence of anxiety regardless of demographic factors. In particular, higher PA levels protects from agoraphobia and posttraumatic disorder.}, language = {en} } @article{KahlertBrand2011, author = {Kahlert, Daniela and Brand, Ralf}, title = {Questionnaires for assessing physical activity different response scale categories influence responses concerning health- and sport-related cognitions}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Gesundheitspsychologie}, volume = {19}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Gesundheitspsychologie}, number = {2}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0943-8149}, doi = {10.1026/0943-8149/a000044}, pages = {96 -- 100}, year = {2011}, abstract = {The present study examines whether the use of different frequency scales in questionnaires about physical activity influences respondents' own estimation of their activity, as well as subsequent measurements of health- und sport-related cognitions and evaluations. Using a randomized research design we recruited a sample of 118 participants. One group received a high frequency scale for assessing their exercise frequency with the response categories "never", "less often", "once a month", "once a week", or "most days." The other group answered with a medium frequency scale with the alternatives "never", "less often", " once every few months", "once a month", and " once a week or more often." As dependent variables all participants judged the subjective importance of physical activity and their health-related quality of life (WHO-QOL-bref). Results indicate the expected response errors, owing to the fact that using a high-frequency scale produces higher levels of self-reported physical activity (Cramer's V = .30). Corresponding to this the subjective importance of physical activity increased (d = .37) and the health-related quality of life was judged to be better (d = .36). Such artefacts might be eliminated by using standardized formulations such as "I exercise... times per week/month for... minutes."}, language = {de} } @article{JekaucWagnerKahlertetal.2013, author = {Jekauc, Darko and Wagner, Matthias O. and Kahlert, Daniela and Woll, Alexander}, title = {Reliability and validity of MoMo-Physical-Activity-Questionnaire for Adolescents (MoMo-AFB)}, series = {Diagnostica}, volume = {59}, journal = {Diagnostica}, number = {2}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0012-1924}, doi = {10.1026/0012-1924/a000083}, pages = {100 -- 111}, year = {2013}, abstract = {This paper presents the psychometric properties of the MoMo-AFB (Bos, Worth, Opper, Oberger \& Woll, 2009), a questionnaire designed to measure the physical activity of children and adolescents. The MoMo-AFB consists of 28 items, covering the fields of everyday physical activity, sports within and outside of organised clubs, physical education as well as compliance with physical activity guidelines. A study was conducted with 109 boys and 87 girls aged between 9 and 17 years. The MoMo-AFB was given on two separate occasions to evaluate reliability and was compared with accelerometry data of ActiGraph GT1X to evaluate validity. The overall kappa/weighted kappa coefficient for the one-week testretest reliability was .66 (SD = .19) and the overall intraclass correlation (ICC) .68. Self-reported and accelerometer-measured average weekly time spent performing moderate to vigorous physical activity were significantly correlated (Spearman r = .29). Regarding reliability and validity, the MoMo-AFB is comparable with other international published physical activity questionnaires for adolescents.}, language = {de} } @misc{WippertWiebking2018, author = {Wippert, Pia-Maria and Wiebking, Christine}, title = {Stress and Alterations in the Pain Matrix}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {438}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412058}, pages = {11}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The genesis of chronic pain is explained by a biopsychosocial model. It hypothesizes an interdependency between environmental and genetic factors provoking aberrant long-term changes in biological and psychological regulatory systems. Physiological effects of psychological and physical stressors may play a crucial role in these maladaptive processes. Specifically, long-term demands on the stress response system may moderate central pain processing and influence descending serotonergic and noradrenergic signals from the brainstem, regulating nociceptive processing at the spinal level. However, the underlying mechanisms of this pathophysiological interplay still remain unclear. This paper aims to shed light on possible pathways between physical (exercise) and psychological stress and the potential neurobiological consequences in the genesis and treatment of chronic pain, highlighting evolving concepts and promising research directions in the treatment of chronic pain. Two treatment forms (exercise and mindfulness-based stress reduction as exemplary therapies), their interaction, and the dose-response will be discussed in more detail, which might pave the way to a better understanding of alterations in the pain matrix and help to develop future prevention and therapeutic concepts}, language = {en} } @article{WippertWiebking2018, author = {Wippert, Pia-Maria and Wiebking, Christine}, title = {Stress and Alterations in the Pain Matrix}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {15}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, number = {4}, publisher = {MDPI AG}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1660-4601}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph15040785}, pages = {1 -- 11}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The genesis of chronic pain is explained by a biopsychosocial model. It hypothesizes an interdependency between environmental and genetic factors provoking aberrant long-term changes in biological and psychological regulatory systems. Physiological effects of psychological and physical stressors may play a crucial role in these maladaptive processes. Specifically, long-term demands on the stress response system may moderate central pain processing and influence descending serotonergic and noradrenergic signals from the brainstem, regulating nociceptive processing at the spinal level. However, the underlying mechanisms of this pathophysiological interplay still remain unclear. This paper aims to shed light on possible pathways between physical (exercise) and psychological stress and the potential neurobiological consequences in the genesis and treatment of chronic pain, highlighting evolving concepts and promising research directions in the treatment of chronic pain. Two treatment forms (exercise and mindfulness-based stress reduction as exemplary therapies), their interaction, and the dose-response will be discussed in more detail, which might pave the way to a better understanding of alterations in the pain matrix and help to develop future prevention and therapeutic concepts}, language = {en} } @misc{HermanussenSchefflerGrothetal.2019, author = {Hermanussen, Michael and Scheffler, Christiane and Groth, Detlef and Bogin, Barry}, title = {Student work on trends in infant and child growth}, series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger : Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie}, volume = {76}, journal = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger : Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie}, number = {5}, publisher = {Schweizerbart}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0003-5548}, doi = {10.1127/anthranz/2019/1052}, pages = {363 -- 364}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{SalzwedelRabeZahnetal.2017, author = {Salzwedel, Annett and Rabe, Sophie and Zahn, Thomas and Neuwirth, Julia and Eichler, Sarah and Haubold, Kathrin and Wachholz, Anne and Reibis, Rona Katharina and V{\"o}ller, Heinz}, title = {User Interest in Digital Health Technologies to Encourage Physical Activity}, series = {JMIR. Mhealth \& Uhealth}, volume = {5}, journal = {JMIR. Mhealth \& Uhealth}, number = {4}, publisher = {JMIR Publications}, address = {Toronto}, doi = {10.2196/mhealth.7192}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: Although the benefits for health of physical activity (PA) are well documented, the majority of the population is unable to implement present recommendations into daily routine. Mobile health (mHealth) apps could help increase the level of PA. However, this is contingent on the interest of potential users. Objective: The aim of this study was the explorative, nuanced determination of the interest in mHealth apps with respect to PA among students and staff of a university. Methods: We conducted a Web-based survey from June to July 2015 in which students and employees from the University of Potsdam were asked about their activity level, interest in mHealth fitness apps, chronic diseases, and sociodemographic parameters. Results: A total of 1217 students (67.30\%, 819/1217; female; 26.0 years [SD 4.9]) and 485 employees (67.5\%, 327/485; female; 42.7 years [SD 11.7]) participated in the survey. The recommendation for PA (3 times per week) was not met by 70.1\% (340/485) of employees and 52.67\% (641/1217) of students. Within these groups, 53.2\% (341/641 students) and 44.2\% (150/340 employees)—independent of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and level of education or professional qualification—indicated an interest in mHealth fitness apps. Conclusions: Even in a younger, highly educated population, the majority of respondents reported an insufficient level of PA. About half of them indicated their interest in training support. This suggests that the use of personalized mobile fitness apps may become increasingly significant for a positive change of lifestyle.}, language = {en} }