@article{WachsGamezGuadixWright2022,
  author    = {Wachs, Sebastian and Gamez-Guadix, Manuel and Wright, Michelle F.},
  title     = {Online hate speech victimization and depressive symptoms among adolescents},
  series = {Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking},
  volume    = {25},
  journal   = {Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Liebert},
  address   = {New Rochelle},
  issn      = {2152-2715},
  doi       = {10.1089/cyber.2022.0009},
  pages     = {416 -- 423},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Online hate speech has become a widespread problem in the daily life of adolescents. Despite growing societal and academic interest in this online risk, not much is known about the relationship between online hate speech victimization (OHSV) and adolescents' mental well-being. In addition, potential factors influencing the magnitude of this relationship remain unclear. To address these gaps in the literature, this study investigated the relationship between OHSV and depressive symptoms and the buffering effects of resilience in this relationship. The sample consists of 1,632 adolescents (49.1\% girls) between 12 and 18 years old (M-age = 13.83, SDage = 1.23), recruited from nine schools across Spain. Self-report questionnaires were administered to assess OHSV, depressive symptoms, and resilience. Regression analyses revealed that OHSV was positively linked to depressive symptoms. In addition, victims of online hate speech were less likely to report depressive symptoms when they reported average or high levels of resilience (i.e., social competence, personal competence, structured style, social resources, and family cohesion) compared with those with low levels of resilience. Our findings highlight the need for the development of intervention programs and the relevance of focusing on internal and external developmental assets to mitigate negative outcomes for victims of online hate speech.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HongKimThornbergetal.2022,
  author    = {Hong, Jun Sung and Kim, Dong Ha and Thornberg, Robert and Wachs, Sebastian and Wright, Michelle F.},
  title     = {Racial discrimination to bullying behavior among White and Black adolescents in the USA: from parents' perspectives},
  series = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {MDPI AG},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1660-4601},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijerph19127084},
  pages     = {11},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The present study proposes and tests pathways by which racial discrimination might be positively related to bullying victimization among Black and White adolescents. Data were derived from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health, a national survey that provides data on children's physical and mental health and their families. Data were collected from households with one or more children between June 2016 to February 2017. A letter was sent to randomly selected households, who were invited to participate in the survey. The caregivers consisted of 66.9\% females and 33.1\% males for the White sample, whose mean age was 47.51 (SD = 7.26), and 76.8\% females and 23.2\% males for the Black sample, whose mean age was 47.61 (SD = 9.71). In terms of the adolescents, 49.0\% were females among the White sample, whose mean age was 14.73 (SD = 1.69). For Black adolescents, 47.9\% were females and the mean age was 14.67(SD = 1.66). Measures for the study included bullying perpetration, racial discrimination, academic disengagement, and socio-demographic variables of the parent and child. Analyses included descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and structural path analyses. For adolescents in both racial groups, racial discrimination appears to be positively associated with depression, which was positively associated with bullying perpetration. For White adolescents, racial discrimination was positively associated with academic disengagement, which was also positively associated with bullying perpetration. For Black adolescents, although racial discrimination was not significantly associated with academic disengagement, academic disengagement was positively associated with bullying perpetration.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GamezGuadixMateosWachsetal.2022,
  author    = {G{\´a}mez-Guadix, Manuel and Mateos, Estibaliz and Wachs, Sebastian and Blanco, Marta},
  title     = {Self-harm on the internet among adolescents},
  series = {Psicothema},
  volume    = {34},
  journal   = {Psicothema},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Departamento de Psicolog{\´i}a de la Universidad de Oviedo, Colegio Oficial de Psic{\´o}logos del Principado de Asturias, Vicerrectorado de Investigaci{\´o}n de la Universidad de Oviedo},
  address   = {Oviedo},
  issn      = {0214-9915},
  doi       = {10.7334/psicothema2021.328},
  pages     = {233 -- 239},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Background: Using the internet to search for information or share images about self-harm is an emerging risk among young people. The aims of this study were (a) to analyze the prevalence of different types of self-harm on the internet and differences by sex and age, and (b) to examine the relationship of self-harm on the internet with intrapersonal factors (i.e., depression and anxiety) and interpersonal factors (i.e., family cohesion and social resources). Method: The sample consisted of 1,877 adolescents (946 girls) between 12 and 17 years old (Mage = 13.41, SD = 1.25) who completed self-report measures. Results: Approximately 11\% of the participants had been involved in some type of self-harm on the internet. The prevalence was significantly higher among girls than boys and among adolescents older than 15 years old. Depression and anxiety increased the risk of self-harm on the internet, whereas family cohesion decreased the probability of self-harm on the internet. Conclusions: Self-harm on the internet is a relatively widespread phenomenon among Spanish adolescents. Prevention programs should include emotional regulation, coping skills, and resilience to reduce in this behavior.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WrightWachs2022,
  author    = {Wright, Michelle F. and Wachs, Sebastian},
  title     = {Self-isolation practices and perceived social support from friends},
  series = {European journal of developmental psychology},
  volume    = {20},
  journal   = {European journal of developmental psychology},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {1740-5629},
  doi       = {10.1080/17405629.2022.2146090},
  pages     = {635 -- 648},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The purpose of the present study was to investigate the moderating effect of perceived social support from friends in the associations between self-isolation practices during the COVID-19 pandemic and adolescents' mental health (i.e., depression, subjective health complaints, self-harm), measured six months later (Time 2). Participants were 1,567 7(th) and 8(th) graders (51\% female; 51\% white; M age = 13.67) from the United States. They completed questionnaires on perceived social support from friends, depression, subjective health complaints, and self-harm at Time 1, and self-isolation practices during COVID-19, depression, subjective health complaints, and self-harm at Time 2. The findings revealed that self-isolation practices during COVID-19 was related positively to Time 1 perceived social support from friends, and negatively to Time 2 depression, subjective health complaints, and self-harm, while accounting for Time 1 mental health outcomes. Higher perceived social support from friends at Time 1 buffered against the negative impacts on adolescents' mental health outcomes at Time 2 when they practiced greater self-isolation during COVID-19, while lower perceived social support at Time 1 had the opposite effects on Time 2 mental health outcomes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{WrightWachsHarper2018,
  author    = {Wright, Michelle F. and Wachs, Sebastian and Harper, Bridgette D.},
  title     = {The moderation of empathy in the longitudinal association between witnessing cyberbullying, depression, and anxiety},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {689},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-47050},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-470505},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {While the role of and consequences of being a bystander to face-to-face bullying has received some attention in the literature, to date, little is known about the effects of being a bystander to cyberbullying. It is also unknown how empathy might impact the negative consequences associated with being a bystander of cyberbullying. The present study focused on examining the longitudinal association between bystander of cyberbullying depression, and anxiety, and the moderating role of empathy in the relationship between bystander of cyberbullying and subsequent depression and anxiety. There were 1,090 adolescents (M-age = 12.19; 50\% female) from the United States included at Time 1, and they completed questionnaires on empathy, cyberbullying roles (bystander, perpetrator, victim), depression, and anxiety. One year later, at Time 2, 1,067 adolescents (M-age = 13.76; 51\% female) completed questionnaires on depression and anxiety. Results revealed a positive association between bystander of cyberbullying and depression and anxiety. Further, empathy moderated the positive relationship between bystander of cyberbullying and depression, but not for anxiety. Implications for intervention and prevention programs are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WrightWachsHarper2018,
  author    = {Wright, Michelle F. and Wachs, Sebastian and Harper, Bridgette D.},
  title     = {The moderation of empathy in the longitudinal association between witnessing cyberbullying, depression, and anxiety},
  series = {Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Masrykova Univ.},
  address   = {Brno},
  issn      = {1802-7962},
  doi       = {10.5817/CP2018-4-6},
  pages     = {14},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {While the role of and consequences of being a bystander to face-to-face bullying has received some attention in the literature, to date, little is known about the effects of being a bystander to cyberbullying. It is also unknown how empathy might impact the negative consequences associated with being a bystander of cyberbullying. The present study focused on examining the longitudinal association between bystander of cyberbullying depression, and anxiety, and the moderating role of empathy in the relationship between bystander of cyberbullying and subsequent depression and anxiety. There were 1,090 adolescents (M-age = 12.19; 50\% female) from the United States included at Time 1, and they completed questionnaires on empathy, cyberbullying roles (bystander, perpetrator, victim), depression, and anxiety. One year later, at Time 2, 1,067 adolescents (M-age = 13.76; 51\% female) completed questionnaires on depression and anxiety. Results revealed a positive association between bystander of cyberbullying and depression and anxiety. Further, empathy moderated the positive relationship between bystander of cyberbullying and depression, but not for anxiety. Implications for intervention and prevention programs are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}