@article{SchumacherChakrabortyKleuseretal.2015,
  author    = {Schumacher, Fabian and Chakraborty, Sudipta and Kleuser, Burkhard and Gulbins, Erich and Schwerdtle, Tanja and Aschner, Michael A. and Bornhorst, Julia},
  title     = {Highly sensitive isotope-dilution liquid-chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem-mass spectrometry approach to study the drug-mediated modulation of dopamine and serotonin levels in Caenorhabditis elegans},
  series = {Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry},
  volume    = {144},
  journal   = {Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0039-9140},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.talanta.2015.05.057},
  pages     = {71 -- 79},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Dopamine (DA) and serotonin (SRT) are monoamine neurotransmitters that play a key role in regulating the central and peripheral nervous system. Their impaired metabolism has been implicated in several neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and depression. Consequently, it is imperative to monitor changes in levels of these low-abundant neurotransmitters and their role in mediating disease. For the first time, a rapid, specific and sensitive isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of DA and SRT in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). This model organism offers a unique approach for studying the effect of various drugs and environmental conditions on neurotransmitter levels, given by the conserved DA and SRT biology, including synaptic release, trafficking and formation. We introduce a novel sample preparation protocol incorporating the usage of sodium thiosulfate in perchloric acid as extraction medium that assures high recovery of the relatively unstable neurotransmitters monitored. Moreover, the use of both deuterated internal standards and the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) technique allows for unequivocal quantification. Thereby, to the best of our knowledge, we achieve a detection sensitivity that clearly exceeds those of published DA and SRT quantification methods in various matrices. We are the first to show that exposure of C elegans to the monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) inhibitor selegiline or the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor tolcapone, in order to block DA and SRT degradation, resulted in accumulation of the respective neurotransmitter. Assessment of a behavioral output of the dopaminergic system (basal slowing response) corroborated the analytical LC-MS/MS data. Thus, utilization of the C elegans model system in conjunction with our analytical method is well-suited to investigate drug-mediated modulation of the DA and SRT system in order to identify compounds with neuroprotective or regenerative properties. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{ScheinerBaumannBlenau2006,
  author    = {Scheiner, Ricarda and Baumann, Arnd and Blenau, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Aminergic control and modulation of honeybee behaviour},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-46106},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Biogenic amines are important messenger substances in the central nervous system and in peripheral organs of vertebrates and of invertebrates. The honeybee, Apis mellifera, is excellently suited to uncover the functions of biogenic amines in behaviour, because it has an extensive behavioural repertoire, with a number of biogenic amine receptors characterised in this insect. In the honeybee, the biogenic amines dopamine, octopamine, serotonin and tyramine modulate neuronal functions in various ways. Dopamine and serotonin are present in high concentrations in the bee brain, whereas octopamine and tyramine are less abundant. Octopamine is a key molecule for the control of honeybee behaviour. It generally has an arousing effect and leads to higher sensitivity for sensory inputs, better learning performance and increased foraging behaviour. Tyramine has been suggested to act antagonistically to octopamine, but only few experimental data are available for this amine. Dopamine and serotonin often have antagonistic or inhibitory effects as compared to octopamine. Biogenic amines bind to membrane receptors that primarily belong to the large gene-family of GTP-binding (G) protein coupled receptors. Receptor activation leads to transient changes in concentrations of intracellular second messengers such as cAMP, IP3 and/or Ca2+. Although several biogenic amine receptors from the honeybee have been cloned and characterised more recently, many genes still remain to be identified. The availability of the completely sequenced genome of Apis mellifera will contribute substantially to closing this gap. In this review, we will discuss the present knowledge on how biogenic amines and their receptor-mediated cellular responses modulate different behaviours of honeybees including learning processes and division of labour.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FrenchSimcockRolkeetal.2014,
  author    = {French, Alice S. and Simcock, Kerry L. and Rolke, Daniel and Gartside, Sarah E. and Blenau, Wolfgang and Wright, Geraldine A.},
  title     = {The role of serotonin in feeding and gut contractions in the honeybee},
  series = {Journal of insect physiology},
  volume    = {61},
  journal   = {Journal of insect physiology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0022-1910},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jinsphys.2013.12.005},
  pages     = {8 -- 15},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{BlenauThamm2011,
  author    = {Blenau, Wolfgang and Thamm, Markus},
  title     = {Distribution of serotonin (5-HT) and its receptors in the insect brain with focus on the mushroom bodies lessons from Drosophila melanogaster and Apis mellifera},
  series = {Arthropod structure \& development},
  volume    = {40},
  journal   = {Arthropod structure \& development},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1467-8039},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.asd.2011.01.004},
  pages     = {381 -- 394},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The biogenic amine serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) plays a key role in regulating and modulating various physiological and behavioral processes in both protostomes and deuterostomes. The specific functions of serotonin are mediated by its binding to and subsequent activation of membrane receptors. The vast majority of these receptors belong to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. We report here the in vivo expression pattern of a recently characterized 5-HT(1) receptor of the honeybee Apis mellifera (Am5-HT(1A)) in the mushroom bodies. In addition, we summarize current knowledge on the distribution of serotonin and serotonin receptor subtypes in the brain and specifically in the mushroom bodies of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the honeybee. Functional studies in these two species have shown that serotonergic signaling participates in various behaviors including aggression, sleep, circadian rhythms, responses to visual stimuli, and associative learning. The molecular, pharmacological, and functional properties of identified 5-HT receptor subtypes from A. mellifera and D. melanogaster will also be summarized in this review.},
  language  = {en}
}