@article{PilzParolaiStupazzinietal.2011,
  author    = {Pilz, Marco and Parolai, Stefano and Stupazzini, Marco and Paolucci, Roberto and Zschau, Jochen},
  title     = {Modelling basin effects on earthquake ground motion in the Santiago de Chile basin by a spectral element code},
  series = {Geophysical journal international},
  volume    = {187},
  journal   = {Geophysical journal international},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Malden},
  issn      = {0956-540X},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05183.x},
  pages     = {929 -- 945},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Simulations of strong ground motion within the Santiago de Chile Metropolitan area were carried out by means of 3-D deterministic wave propagation tool based on the spectral element method. The simulated events take into account the pronounced interface between the low-velocity sedimentary basin and the bedrock as well as topography of the area. To verify our model we simulated a regional earthquake recorded by a dense network installed in the city of Santiago for recording aftershock activity after the 2010 February 27 Maule main shock. The results proof the alluvial basin amplification effects and show a strong dependence of spectral amplification in the basin on the local site conditions. Moreover, we studied the seismic response due to a hypothetical M(w) = 6.0 event occurring along the active San Ramon Fault, which is crossing the eastern edge of the city. The scenario earthquakes exhibit that an unfavourable interaction between fault rupture, radiation mechanism and complex geological and topographic conditions in the near-field region may give rise to large values of peak ground velocity in the basin. Finally, 3-D numerical predictions of ground motion are compared with the one computed according to ground motion prediction equations selected among the next generation attenuation relationships, in terms of ground motion peak values and spectral acceleration. The comparison underlines that the 3-D scenario simulations predict a significantly higher level of ground motion in the Santiago basin, especially over deep alluvial deposits. Moreover, also the location of the rupture nucleation largely influences the observed shaking pattern.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PilzCottonZhu2021,
  author    = {Pilz, Marco and Cotton, Fabrice Pierre and Zhu, Chuanbin},
  title     = {How much are sites affected by 2-D and 3-D site effects?},
  series = {Geophysical journal international},
  volume    = {228},
  journal   = {Geophysical journal international},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0956-540X},
  doi       = {10.1093/gji/ggab454},
  pages     = {1992 -- 2004},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {1-D site response analysis dominates earthquake engineering practice, while local 2-D/3-D models are often required at sites where the site response is complex. For such sites, the 1-D representation of the soil column can account neither for topographic effects or dipping layers nor for locally generated horizontally propagating surface waves. It then remains a crucial task to identify whether the site response can be modelled sufficiently precisely by 1-D analysis. In this study we develop a method to classify sites according to their 1-D or 2-D/3-D nature. This classification scheme is based on the analysis of surface earthquake recordings and the evaluation of the variability and similarity of the horizontal Fourier spectra. The taxonomy is focused on capturing significant directional dependencies and interevent variabilities indicating a more probable 2-D/3-D structure around the site causing the ground motion to be more variable. While no significant correlation of the 1-D/3-D site index with environmental parameters and site proxies seems to exist, a reduction in the within-site (single-station) variability is found. The reduction is largest (up to 20 per cent) for purely 1-D sites. Although the taxonomy system is developed using surface stations of the KiK-net network in Japan as considerable additional information is available, it can also be applied to any (non-downhole array) site.},
  language  = {en}
}