@article{SeilervanVelzenNeuetal.2017,
  author    = {Seiler, Claudia and van Velzen, Ellen and Neu, Thomas R. and Gaedke, Ursula and Berendonk, Thomas U. and Weitere, Markus},
  title     = {Grazing resistance of bacterial biofilms: a matter of predators' feeding trait},
  series = {FEMS microbiology ecology},
  volume    = {93},
  journal   = {FEMS microbiology ecology},
  publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0168-6496},
  doi       = {10.1093/femsec/fix112},
  pages     = {9},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Biofilm formation in bacteria is considered to be one strategy to avoid protozoan grazing. However, this assumption is largely based on experiments with suspension-feeding protozoans. Here we test the hypothesis that grazing resistance depends on both the grazers' feeding trait and the bacterial phenotype, rather than being a general characteristic of bacterial biofilms. We combined batch experiments with mathematical modelling, considering the bacterium Pseudomonas putida and either a suspension-feeding (i.e. the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia) or a surface-feeding grazer (i.e. the amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii). We find that both plankton and biofilm phenotypes were consumed, when exposed to their specialised grazer, whereas the other phenotype remained grazing-resistant. This was consistently shown in two experiments (starting with either only planktonic bacteria or with additional pre-grown biofilms) and matches model predictions. In the experiments, the plankton feeder strongly stimulated the biofilm biomass. This stimulation of the resistant prey phenotype was not predicted by the model and it was not observed for the biofilm feeders, suggesting the existence of additional mechanisms that stimulate biofilm formation besides selective feeding. Overall, our results confirm our hypothesis that grazing resistance is a matter of the grazers' trait (i.e. feeding type) rather than a biofilm-specific property.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KangLimOhetal.2017,
  author    = {Kang, Mi-Sun and Lim, Hae-Soon and Oh, Jong-Suk and Lim, You-jin and Wuertz-Kozak, Karin and Harro, Janette M. and Shirtliff, Mark E. and Achermann, Yvonne},
  title     = {Antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus fermentum against Staphylococcus aureus},
  series = {Pathogens and disease / Federation of European Microbiology Societies},
  volume    = {75},
  journal   = {Pathogens and disease / Federation of European Microbiology Societies},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {2049-632X},
  doi       = {10.1093/femspd/ftx009},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {The increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has become a major public health threat. While lactobacilli were recently found useful in combating various pathogens, limited data exist on their therapeutic potential for S. aureus infections. The aim of this study was to determine whether Lactobacillus salivarius was able to produce bactericidal activities against S. aureus and to determine whether the inhibition was due to a generalized reduction in pH or due to secreted Lactobacillus product(s). We found an 8.6-log10 reduction of planktonic and a 6.3-log10 reduction of biofilm S. aureus. In contrast, the previously described anti-staphylococcal effects of L. fermentum only caused a 4.0-log10 reduction in planktonic S. aureus cells, with no effect on biofilm S. aureus cells. Killing of S. aureus was partially pH dependent, but independent of nutrient depletion. Cell-free supernatant that was pH neutralized and heat inactivated or proteinase K treated had significantly reduced killing of L. salivarius than with pH-neutralized supernatant alone. Proteomic analysis of the L. salivarius secretome identified a total of five secreted proteins including a LysM-containing peptidoglycan binding protein and a protein peptidase M23B. These proteins may represent potential novel anti-staphylococcal agents that could be effective against S. aureus biofilms.},
  language  = {en}
}