@article{MohassebKetelhutMohassebetal.2004,
  author    = {Mohasseb, Iman and Ketelhut, Kerstin and Mohasseb, Iman and Scheffler, Christiane and Gericke, Christian and Scholze, J. and Ketelhut, Reinhard G.},
  title     = {Benefit of regular Exercise on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Motor Development in Early Childhood},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KetelhutMohassebGerickeetal.2005,
  author    = {Ketelhut, Kerstin and Mohasseb, Iman and Gericke, Christian and Scheffler, Christiane and Ketelhut, Reinhard G.},
  title     = {Verbesserung der Motorik und des kardiovaskul{\"a}ren Risikos durch Sport im fr{\"u}hen Kindesalter},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchefflerKetelhutMohasseb2007,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Ketelhut, Kerstin and Mohasseb, Iman},
  title     = {Does physical education modify the body composition? - Results of a longitudinal study of pre-school children},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {The aim of the study is the analysis of body composition, motor development and cardiovascular parameters of preschool-children. In 2001/2002 a longitudinal study started in 17 nursery schools in Berlin. A total of 160 children out of the 264 children participated in a regular exercise programme. After 24 months of training significant differences of body composition, motor skills and cardiovascular parameters between 5 complete year old children of the intervention and the control group were observed. The results show that such an exercise programme is successful as a preventive measure to decrease the risk of obesity.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerVoigt2008,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Voigt, Andrea},
  title     = {Vergleich statischer und dynamischer K{\"o}rpermaße von J{\"u}ngeren (20 - 29 Jahre) und {\"A}lteren (50 - 85 Jahre)},
  isbn      = {978-3-88383-734-2},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchefflerVoigt2008,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Voigt, Andrea},
  title     = {Physical Mobility of the Elderly - Anthropometric Data of Static and Dynamic Measurements, and Physiologic Parameters under Stress Conditions},
  editor    = {Bodzs{\´a}r, Eva and Susanne, Charles},
  isbn      = {978-963-06-5222-3},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerSchueler2009,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Sch{\"u}ler, Grit},
  title     = {Analysis of BMI of preschool children : results of longitudinal studies},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/0003-5548/2009/0007},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Exceeding weight gain in childhood is a prevailing issue in industrialised countries, such as in Germany. The aim of this study was to detect a critical age for exceeding weight gain. It is assumed that especially in the early years of life, the years of nursery school age, the individual development of weight is fundamental for the prediction of obesity. The data of 638 children (324 boys and 314 girls) and the data of additional 1390 children of a preceding longitudinal study were analysed. The results show that overweight newborns are not at higher risk of becoming overweight children later, in the first place. But the results identify a high risk of becoming overweight for children 4.5 years old through a BMI rebound. In addition, this comparably earlier BMI rebound is linked with an increasing percentage of body fat. This leads to the assumption, that a comparably early BMI rebound is remarkably atypical for healthy child development. The results are also interrelated with the test person's sex. Endangered girls are of pyknomorphic body type. In contrast, the boys' results are independent of the body type. Obesity of boys therefore is strongly assumed to be caused by environmental factors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HermanussenGodinaRuehlietal.2010,
  author    = {Hermanussen, Michael and Godina, Elena and Ruehli, Frank J. and Blaha, Pawel and Boldsen, Jesper L. and van Buuren, Stef and MacIntyre, Matthew and Aßmann, Christian and Ghosh, Arunava and de Stefano, Gian Fra nco and Sonkin, Valentin D. and Tresguerres Hern{\´a}ndez, Jes{\´u}s {\´A}ngel Fern{\´a}ndez and Meigen, Christof and Scheffler, Christiane and Geiger, Cherie L. and Lieberman, Leslie Sue},
  title     = {Growth variation, final height and secular trend : proceedings of the 17th Aschauer Soiree, 7th November 2009},
  issn      = {0018-442X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jchb.2010.06.001},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Growth and body height have always been topics interesting to the public. In particular, the stupendous increase of some 15-19 cm in final adult height during the last 150 years in most European countries (the "secular trend"), the concomitant changes in body and head proportions, the tendency towards early onset of sexual maturation, the changes in the age when final height is being reached, and the very recent trend in body mass index, have generated much scientific literature. The marked plasticity of growth in height and weight over time causes problems. Child growth references differ between nations, they tend to quickly become out of date, and raise a number of questions regarding fitting methods, effects caused by selective drop-out, etc. New findings contradict common beliefs about the primary importance of nutritional and health related factors for secular changes in growth. There appears to be a broad age span from mid-childhood to early adolescence that is characterised by a peculiar insusceptibility. Environmental factors that are known to influence growth during this age span appear to have only little or no impact on final height. Major re- arrangements in height occur at an age when puberty has almost been completed and final height has almost been reached, implying that factors, which drive the secular trend in height, are limited to early childhood and late adolescence.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FrankeGrombergSchuelerHermanussenetal.2010,
  author    = {Franke-Gromberg, Christine and Sch{\"u}ler, Grit and Hermanussen, Michael and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Digital 2D-photogrammetry and direct anthropometry : a comparing study on test accomplishment and measurement data},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/0003-5548/2010/0012},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The aim of this methodological anthropometric study was to compare direct anthropometry and digital two- dimensional photogrammetry in 18 male and 27 female subjects, aged 24 to 65 years, from Potsdam, Germany. In view of the rising interest in reliable biometric kephalofacial data, we focussed on head and face measurements. Out of 34 classic facial anatomical landmarks, 27 landmarks were investigated both by direct anthropometry and 2D-photogrammetry; 7 landmarks could not be localized by 2D-photogrammetry. Twenty-six kephalofacial distances were analysed both by direct anthropometry and digital 2D-photogrammetry. Kephalofacial distances are on average 7.6\% shorter when obtained by direct anthropometry. The difference between the two techniques is particularly evident in total head height (vertex-gnathion) due to the fact that vertex is usually covered by hair and escapes from photogrammetry. Also the distances photographic sellion-gnathion (1.3 cm, i. e. 11.6\%) and nasal-gnathion (1.2 cm, i. e. 9.4\%) differ by more than one centimetre. Differences below 0.5 cm between the two techniques were found when measuring mucosa-lip-height (2.2\%), gonia (3.0\%), glabella-stomion (3.9\%), and nose height (glabella-subnasal) (4.0\%). Only the estimates of forehead width were significantly narrower when obtained by 2D-photogrammetry (-1.4 cm, -13.1\%). The methodological differences increased with increasing magnitude of the kephalometric distance. Apart from these limitations, both techniques are similarly valid and may replace each other.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LehmannSchefflerHermanussen2010,
  author    = {Lehmann, Andreas and Scheffler, Christiane and Hermanussen, Michael},
  title     = {The variation in age at menarche : an indicator of historic developmental tempo},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/0003-5548/2010/0086},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Ample literature describes the history of the association between the advances in the health and wealth of people, and mortality rates, life expectancy and adult height. Twentynine German studies with n > 200 subjects published since 1848 on menarcheal age, were reanalyzed, and 101 studies from various other European and non-European countries. On average, mean age at menarche declined since the mid-19(th) century. Historic urban samples tended to decline earlier than rural groups, upper class women earlier than working class women. In Germany, minimum values for the age at menarche were seen already between the two World Wars (Leipzig 12.6 years in 1934, Halle 13.3 years in 1939). Values for mean age and SD for age at menarche were strongly associated. With improving historic circumstances, the two parameters declined in parallel. The standard deviation for menarcheal age dropped from over 2.5 years in mid-19th century France to little more or even less than 1 year in most modern countries. In the German studies the correlation between menarcheal age and SD was almost complete with r = 0.96 (y = 0.35x - 3.53). Similar associations between mean age at menarche and SD for age were found in other European countries. The obvious and immediate effects of historic events on menarcheal age, and particularly on the age distribution, indicate that menarche is a sensitive indicator of public health and wealth, and may be an appropriate estimator for the socio-economic background of historic populations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LehmannSchefflerHermanussen2010,
  author    = {Lehmann, Andreas and Scheffler, Christiane and Hermanussen, Michael},
  title     = {Evidence of seasonal variation in longitudinal growth of height in a sample of boys from Stuttgart Carlsschule, 1771-1793, using combined principal component analysis and maximum likelihood principle},
  issn      = {0018-442X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jchb.2009.11.003},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Recent progress in modelling individual growth has been achieved by combining the principal component analysis and the maximum likelihood principle. This combination models growth even in incomplete sets of data and in data obtained at irregular intervals. We re-analysed late 18th century longitudinal growth of German boys from the boarding school Carlsschule in Stuttgart. The boys aged 6-23 years, were measured at irregular 3-12 monthly intervals during the period 1771-1793. At the age of 18 years, mean height was 1652 mm, but height variation was large. The shortest boy reached 1474 mm, the tallest 1826 mm. Measured height closely paralleled modelled height, with mean difference of 4 mm, SD 7 mm. Seasonal height variation was found. Low growth rates occurred in spring and high growth rates in summer and autumn. The present study demonstrates that combining the principal component analysis and the maximum likelihood principle enables growth modelling in historic height data also.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Scheffler2011,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {The change of skeletal robustness of 6 - 12 years old children in Brandenburg (Germany) - Comparison of body composition 1999 - 2009},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VoigtScheffler2011,
  author    = {Voigt, Andrea and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Manual abilities of the elderly - handgrip strength, finger and thumb push strength and opening strength in age comparison},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BrinkmannScheffler2011,
  author    = {Brinkmann, Stefanie and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {The relation between anthropometric measures of the body and back pain of nurses under work-related physical stress},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  volume    = {68},
  booktitle = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  pages     = {490 -- 491},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{GniosdorzScheffler2011,
  author    = {Gniosdorz, Birgit and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {The variability of bone strength and skeletal robustness of young men - how it can be influenced},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  volume    = {68},
  booktitle = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  pages     = {497 -- 498},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RietschScheffler2011,
  author    = {Rietsch, Katrin and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Association between skeletal robustness and physical activity in schoolchildren - First results},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  volume    = {68},
  booktitle = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  pages     = {516 -- 516},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Scheffler2011,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {How many skeletons do we need? - An evolutionary approach of the change of skeleton measures in school children in the last decade},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  volume    = {68},
  booktitle = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  pages     = {519 -- 519},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VoigtScheffler2011,
  author    = {Voigt, Andrea and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Manual abilities of the elderly - handgrip strength, finger and thumb push strength and opening strength in age comparison},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  volume    = {68},
  journal   = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/0003-5548/2011/0090},
  pages     = {167 -- 173},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The purpose of this paper is to display the static strength capacities of healthy adults in different age categories. A total of 279 healthy German adults at the ages of 20 to 29 years, 50 to 59 years and 60 to 69 years generated their maximum static handgrip, index finger and thumb push strength, as well as their maximum opening strength on a smooth jar lid of 85 mm diameter and on a knurled bottle lid of 31 mm with their right hand. The results show larger male strength than female strength. Significant age-induced differences appear primarily in opening strengths between the age groups 20 to 29 and 50 to 59 years in male subjects and in female opening strengths between the age groups 20 to 29 and 60 to 69 years as well as between the age groups 50 to 59 and 60 to 69 years. Of greatest interest is that elderly men show the largest opening strengths.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Scheffler2011,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {The change of skeletal robustness of 6-12 years old children in Brandenburg (Germany) - Comparison of body composition 1999-2009},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  volume    = {68},
  journal   = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/0003-5548/2011/0095},
  pages     = {153 -- 165},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Overweight as a global problem is a challenge to the health systems today and in the future. Detailed information about the development of body composition in children can help to design preventive measures to stop this trend. In the present study 1397 German children aged 6-12 complete years were investigated with anthropometric methods (i.e. height, weight, BMI, skeleton robustness, and percentage of body fat) in 2008/09. The results were compared with a 10 years old identical study. Today, the investigated children are a little bit smaller and the range of BMI and percentage of body fat is increasing. The large decrease of the skeletal robustness especially in the 10(th) and 3(rd) percentile is important. Decrease of physical activity as the most important reason for shrinking skeletal robustness is discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{LehmannTryggvadottirScheffleretal.2011,
  author    = {Lehmann, Andreas and Tryggvadottir, Laufey and Scheffler, Christiane and Hermanussen, Michael},
  title     = {Menarcheal age and body height in Iceland in the last century},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  volume    = {68},
  booktitle = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  pages     = {507 -- 508},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchoenfeldSchefflerJanewa2012,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}nfeld, Vanessa and Scheffler, Christiane and Janewa, Arnab Ghosh},
  title     = {Comparison of BMI and percentage of body fat of Indian and German children and adolescents},
  issn      = {0003-5568},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}