@article{HeckenbachBruneGlerumetal.2021,
  author    = {Heckenbach, Esther Lina and Brune, Sascha and Glerum, Anne C. and Bott, Judith},
  title     = {Is there a speed limit for the thermal steady-state assumption in continental rifts?},
  series = {Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems : G 3 ; an electronic journal of the earth sciences},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems : G 3 ; an electronic journal of the earth sciences},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken, NJ},
  issn      = {1525-2027},
  doi       = {10.1029/2020GC009577},
  pages     = {18},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The lithosphere is often assumed to reside in a thermal steady-state when quantitatively describing the temperature distribution in continental interiors and sedimentary basins, but also at active plate boundaries. Here, we investigate the applicability limit of this assumption at slowly deforming continental rifts. To this aim, we assess the tectonic thermal imprint in numerical experiments that cover a range of realistic rift configurations. For each model scenario, the deviation from thermal equilibrium is evaluated. This is done by comparing the transient temperature field of every model to a corresponding steady-state model with an identical structural configuration. We find that the validity of the thermal steady-state assumption strongly depends on rift type, divergence velocity, sampling location, and depth within the rift. Maximum differences between transient and steady-state models occur in narrow rifts, at the rift sides, and if the extension rate exceeds 0.5-2 mm/a. Wide rifts, however, reside close to thermal steady-state even for high extension velocities. The transient imprint of rifting appears to be overall negligible for shallow isotherms with a temperature less than 100 degrees C. Contrarily, a steady-state treatment of deep crustal isotherms leads to an underestimation of crustal temperatures, especially for narrow rift settings. Thus, not only relatively fast rifts like the Gulf of Corinth, Red Sea, and Main Ethiopian Rift, but even slow rifts like the Kenya Rift, Rhine Graben, and Rio Grande Rift must be expected to feature a pronounced transient component in the temperature field and to therefore violate the thermal steady-state assumption for deeper crustal isotherms.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MotuzaSliaupaTimmerman2015,
  author    = {Motuza, Gediminas and Sliaupa, Saulius and Timmerman, Martin Jan},
  title     = {Geochemistry and Ar-40/Ar-39 age of Early Carboniferous dolerite sills in the southern Baltic Sea},
  series = {Estonian journal of earth sciences},
  volume    = {64},
  journal   = {Estonian journal of earth sciences},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Estonian Academy Publ.},
  address   = {Tallinn},
  issn      = {1736-4728},
  doi       = {10.3176/earth.2015.30},
  pages     = {233 -- 248},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The Early Carboniferous magmatic event in the southern Baltic Sea is manifested by dolerite intrusions. The presumable area in which the dolerite intrusions occur ranges from 30 to 60 km in east-west direction, and is about 100 km in north-south direction. The dolerites were sampled in well D1-1 and investigated by applying chemical analysis and Ar-40/Ar-39 step-heating dating. Dolerites are classified as alkali and sodic, characterized by high TiO2 (3.92, 3.99 wt\%) and P2O5 (1.67, 1.77 wt\%) and low MgO (4.89, 4.91 wt\%) concentrations, enriched in light rare earth elements, originated from an enriched mantle magma source and emplaced in a continental rift tectonic setting. The 351 +/- 11 Ma Ar-40/Ar-39 plateau age for groundmass plagioclase indicates a considerable age gap with the 310-250 Ma magmatism in southern Scandinavia and northern Germany. The magmatic rocks in the Baltic Sedimentary Basin are coeval with alkaline intrusions of NE Poland. Both magmatic provinces lie in the northwestward prolongation of the Pripyat-Dnieper-Donetsk Rift (370-359 Ma) and may constitute a later phase of magmatic activity of this propagating rift system.},
  language  = {en}
}