@article{BradyGuerraKohleretal.2022,
  author    = {Brady, David and Guerra, Christian and Kohler, Ulrich and Link, Bruce},
  title     = {The long arm of prospective childhood income for mature adult health in the U.S.},
  series = {Journal of health and social behavior},
  volume    = {63},
  journal   = {Journal of health and social behavior},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Sage},
  address   = {Los Angeles},
  issn      = {0022-1465},
  doi       = {10.1177/00221465221081094},
  pages     = {543 -- 559},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Pioneering scholarship links retrospective childhood conditions to mature adult health. We distinctively provide critical evidence with prospective state-of-the-art measures of parent income observed multiple times during childhood in the 1970s to 1990s. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we analyze six health outcomes (self-rated health, heart attack, stroke, life-threatening chronic conditions, non-life-threatening chronic conditions, and psychological distress) among 40- to 65-year-olds. Parent relative income rank has statistically and substantively significant relationships with five of six outcomes. The relationships with heart attack, stroke, and life-threatening chronic conditions are particularly strong. Parent income rank performs slightly better than alternative prospective and retrospective measures. At the same time, we provide novel validation on which retrospective measures (i.e., father's education) perform almost as well as prospective measures. Furthermore, we inform several perennial debates about how relative versus absolute income and other measures of socioeconomic status and social class influence health.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AndresLauterbachJongbloedetal.2021,
  author    = {Andres, Lesley and Lauterbach, Wolfgang and Jongbloed, Janine and H{\"u}mme, Hartwig},
  title     = {Gender, education, and labour market participation across the life course},
  series = {International journal of lifelong education},
  volume    = {40},
  journal   = {International journal of lifelong education},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {0260-1370},
  doi       = {10.1080/02601370.2021.1924302},
  pages     = {170 -- 189},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In this paper, we employ a comparative life course approach for Canada and Germany to unravel the relationships among general and vocational educational attainment and different life course activities, with a focus on labour market and income inequality by gender. Life course theory and related concepts of 'time,' 'normative patterns,' 'order and disorder,' and 'discontinuities' are used to inform the analyses. Data from the Paths on Life's Way (Paths) project in British Columbia, Canada and the German Pathways from Late Childhood to Adulthood (LifE) which span 28 and 33 years, respectively, are employed to examine life trajectories from leaving school to around age 45. Sequence analysis and cluster analyses portray both within and between country differences - and in particular gender differences - in educational attainment, employment, and other activities across the life course which has an impact on ultimate labour market participation and income levels. 'Normative' life courses that follow a traditional order correspond with higher levels of full-time work and higher incomes; in Germany more so than Canada, these clusters are male dominated. Clusters characterised by 'disordered' and 'discontinuous' life courses in both countries are female dominated and associated with lower income levels.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GraeberKritikosSeebauer2021,
  author    = {Graeber, Daniel and Kritikos, Alexander and Seebauer, Johannes},
  title     = {COVID-19},
  series = {Journal of population economics},
  volume    = {34},
  journal   = {Journal of population economics},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {0933-1433},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00148-021-00849-y},
  pages     = {1141 -- 1187},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {We investigate how the economic consequences of the pandemic and the government-mandated measures to contain its spread affect the self-employed — particularly women — in Germany. For our analysis, we use representative, real-time survey data in which respondents were asked about their situation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings indicate that among the self-employed, who generally face a higher likelihood of income losses due to COVID-19 than employees, women are about one-third more likely to experience income losses than their male counterparts. We do not find a comparable gender gap among employees. Our results further suggest that the gender gap among the self-employed is largely explained by the fact that women disproportionately work in industries that are more severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis of potential mechanisms reveals that women are significantly more likely to be impacted by government-imposed restrictions, e.g., the regulation of opening hours. We conclude that future policy measures intending to mitigate the consequences of such shocks should account for this considerable variation in economic hardship.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FliesserDeWittHubertsWippert2017,
  author    = {Fliesser, Michael and De Witt Huberts, Jessie and Wippert, Pia-Maria},
  title     = {The choice that matters: the relative influence of socioeconomic status indicators on chronic back pain- a longitudinal study},
  series = {BMC health services research},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {BMC health services research},
  publisher = {BioMed Central},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1472-6963},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12913-017-2735-9},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background: In health research, indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) are often used interchangeably and often lack theoretical foundation. This makes it difficult to compare results from different studies and to explore the relationship between SES and health outcomes. To aid researchers in choosing appropriate indicators of SES, this article proposes and tests a theory-based selection of SES indicators using chronic back pain as a health outcome. Results: Chronic back pain intensity was best predicted by the multidimensional index (beta = 0.31, p < 0.05), followed by job position (beta = 0.29, p < 0.05) and education (beta = -0.29, p < 0.05); whereas, income exerted no significant influence. Back pain disability was predicted strongest by education (beta = -0.30, p < 0.05) and job position (beta = 0. 29, p < 0.05). Here, multidimensional index and income had no significant influence. Conclusions: The choice of SES indicators influences predictive power on both back pain dimensions, suggesting SES predictors cannot be used interchangeably. Therefore, researchers should carefully consider prior to each study which SES indicator to use. The introduced framework can be valuable in supporting this decision because it allows for a stable prediction of SES indicator influence and their hierarchy on a specific health outcomes.},
  language  = {en}
}