@article{WrightWachsHarper2018, author = {Wright, Michelle F. and Wachs, Sebastian and Harper, Bridgette D.}, title = {The moderation of empathy in the longitudinal association between witnessing cyberbullying, depression, and anxiety}, series = {Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace}, volume = {12}, journal = {Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace}, number = {4}, publisher = {Masrykova Univ.}, address = {Brno}, issn = {1802-7962}, doi = {10.5817/CP2018-4-6}, pages = {14}, year = {2018}, abstract = {While the role of and consequences of being a bystander to face-to-face bullying has received some attention in the literature, to date, little is known about the effects of being a bystander to cyberbullying. It is also unknown how empathy might impact the negative consequences associated with being a bystander of cyberbullying. The present study focused on examining the longitudinal association between bystander of cyberbullying depression, and anxiety, and the moderating role of empathy in the relationship between bystander of cyberbullying and subsequent depression and anxiety. There were 1,090 adolescents (M-age = 12.19; 50\% female) from the United States included at Time 1, and they completed questionnaires on empathy, cyberbullying roles (bystander, perpetrator, victim), depression, and anxiety. One year later, at Time 2, 1,067 adolescents (M-age = 13.76; 51\% female) completed questionnaires on depression and anxiety. Results revealed a positive association between bystander of cyberbullying and depression and anxiety. Further, empathy moderated the positive relationship between bystander of cyberbullying and depression, but not for anxiety. Implications for intervention and prevention programs are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{WrightWachs2019, author = {Wright, Michelle F. and Wachs, Sebastian}, title = {Adolescents' Psychological Consequences and Cyber Victimization}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {16}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, publisher = {MDPI AG}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1661-7827}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph16142493}, pages = {11}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Cyber victimization research reveals various personal and contextual correlations and negative consequences associated with this experience. Despite increasing attention on cyber victimization, few studies have examined such experiences among ethnic minority adolescents. The purpose of the present study was to examine the moderating effect of ethnicity in the longitudinal associations among cyber victimization, school-belongingness, and psychological consequences (i.e., depression, loneliness, anxiety). These associations were investigated among 416 Latinx and white adolescents (46\% female; M age = 13.89, SD = 0.41) from one middle school in the United States. They answered questionnaires on cyber victimization, school belongingness, depression, loneliness, and anxiety in the 7th grade (Time 1). One year later, in the 8th grade (Time 2), they completed questionnaires on depression, loneliness, and anxiety. Low levels of school-belongingness strengthened the positive relationships between cyber victimization and Time 2 depression and anxiety, especially among Latinx adolescents. The positive association between cyber victimization and Time 2 loneliness was strengthened for low levels of school-belongingness for all adolescents. These findings may indicate that cyber victimization threatens adolescents' school-belongingness, which has implications for their emotional adjustment. Such findings underscore the importance of considering diverse populations when examining cyber victimization.}, language = {en} } @article{WrightWachs2019, author = {Wright, Michelle F. and Wachs, Sebastian}, title = {Does Peer Rejection Moderate the Associations among Cyberbullying Victimization, Depression, and Anxiety among Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder?}, series = {Children}, volume = {6}, journal = {Children}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2227-9067}, doi = {10.3390/children6030041}, pages = {12}, year = {2019}, abstract = {While the consequences of cyberbullying victimization have received some attention in the literature, to date, little is known about the multiple types of strains in adolescents' lives, such as whether cyberbullying victimization and peer rejection increase their vulnerability to depression and anxiety. Even though some research found that adolescents with disabilities show higher risk for cyberbullying victimization, most research has focused on typically developing adolescents. Thus, the present study focused on examining the moderating effect of peer rejection in the relationships between cyberbullying victimization, depression, and anxiety among adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. There were 128 participants (89\% male; ages ranging from 11-16 years old) with autism spectrum disorder in the sixth, seventh, or eighth grade at 16 middle schools in the United States. Participants completed questionnaires on cyberbullying victimization, peer rejection, depression, and anxiety. Results revealed that cyberbullying victimization was associated positively with peer rejection, anxiety, and depression among adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Further, peer rejection was linked positively with depression and anxiety. Peer rejection moderated the positive relationship between cyberbullying victimization and depression, but not anxiety. Implications for prevention programs and future research are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{WeberPutaLesinskietal.2018, author = {Weber, Stephanie and Puta, Christian and Lesinski, Melanie and Gabriel, Brunhild and Steidten, Thomas and B{\"a}r, Karl-J{\"u}rgen and Herbsleb, Marco and Granacher, Urs and Gabriel, Holger H. W.}, title = {Symptoms of anxiety and depression in young athletes using the hospital anxiety and depression scale}, series = {Frontiers in physiology}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers in physiology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-042X}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2018.00182}, pages = {12}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Elite young athletes have to cope with multiple psychological demands such as training volume, mental and physical fatigue, spatial separation of family and friends or time management problems may lead to reduced mental and physical recovery. While normative data regarding symptoms of anxiety and depression for the general population is available (Hinz and Brahler, 2011), hardly any information exists for adolescents in general and young athletes in particular. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess overall symptoms of anxiety and depression in young athletes as well as possible sex differences. The survey was carried out within the scope of the study "Resistance Training in Young Athletes" (KINGS-Study). Between August 2015 and September 2016, 326 young athletes aged (mean +/- SD) 14.3 +/- 1.6 years completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD Scale). Regarding the analysis of age on the anxiety and depression subscales, age groups were classified as follows: late childhood (12-14 years) and late adolescence (15-18 years). The participating young athletes were recruited from Olympic weight lifting, handball, judo, track and field athletics, boxing, soccer, gymnastics, ice speed skating, volleyball, and rowing. Anxiety and depression scores were (mean +/- SD) 4.3 +/- 3.0 and 2.8 +/- 2.9, respectively. In the subscale anxiety, 22 cases (6.7\%) showed subclinical scores and 11 cases (3.4\%) showed clinical relevant score values. When analyzing the depression subscale, 31 cases (9.5\%) showed subclinical score values and 12 cases (3.7\%) showed clinically important values. No significant differences were found between male and female athletes (p >= 0.05). No statistically significant differences in the HADS scores were found between male athletes of late childhood and late adolescents (p >= 0.05). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing questionnaire based indicators of symptoms of anxiety and depression in young athletes. Our data implies the need for sports medical as well as sports psychiatric support for young athletes. In addition, our results demonstrated that the chronological classification concerning age did not influence HAD Scale outcomes. Future research should focus on sports medical and sports psychiatric interventional approaches with the goal to prevent anxiety and depression as well as teaching coping strategies to young athletes.}, language = {en} } @article{SotardiBoschBrogt2020, author = {Sotardi, Valerie A. and Bosch, Jannis and Brogt, Erik}, title = {Multidimensional influences of anxiety and assessment type on task performance}, series = {Social psychology of education : an international journal}, volume = {23}, journal = {Social psychology of education : an international journal}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {1381-2890}, doi = {10.1007/s11218-019-09508-3}, pages = {499 -- 522}, year = {2020}, abstract = {We examined state evaluation anxiety, trait evaluation anxiety, and neuroticism in relation to New Zealand first-year university students' (n = 234) task performance on either a test or essay assessment. For both assessment types, the underlying components of state evaluation anxiety (cognitive worry, emotionality, and distraction) reflect linear-as opposed to nonlinear-associations with task performance. Results of several regression models show differential effects of both state evaluation anxiety and neuroticism on task performance depending on the assessment type. The multi-dimensionality of anxiety and its relative contribution on task performance across authentic types of assessment are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{SchuchStubbsMeyeretal.2019, author = {Schuch, Felipe B. and Stubbs, Brendon and Meyer, Jacob and Heissel, Andreas and Zech, Philipp and Vancampfort, Davy and Rosenbaum, Simon and Deenik, Jeroen and Firth, Joseph and Ward, Philip B. and Carvalho, Andre F. and Hiles, Sarah A.}, title = {Physical activity protects from incident anxiety: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies}, series = {Depression and anxiety}, volume = {36}, journal = {Depression and anxiety}, number = {9}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1091-4269}, doi = {10.1002/da.22915}, pages = {846 -- 858}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Background Prospective cohorts have suggested that physical activity (PA) can decrease the risk of incident anxiety. However, no meta-analysis has been conducted. Aims To examine the prospective relationship between PA and incident anxiety and explore potential moderators. Methods Searches were conducted on major databases from inception to October 10, 2018 for prospective studies (at least 1 year of follow-up) that calculated the odds ratio (OR) of incident anxiety in people with high PA against people with low PA. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted and heterogeneity was explored using subgroup and meta-regression analysis. Results Across 14 cohorts of 13 unique prospective studies (N = 75,831, median males = 50.1\%) followed for 357,424 person-years, people with high self-reported PA (versus low PA) were at reduced odds of developing anxiety (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.74; 95\% confidence level [95\% CI] = 0.62, 0.88; crude OR = 0.80; 95\% CI = 0.69, 0.92). High self-reported PA was protective against the emergence of agoraphobia (AOR = 0.42; 95\% CI = 0.18, 0.98) and posttraumatic stress disorder (AOR = 0.57; 95\% CI = 0.39, 0.85). The protective effects for anxiety were evident in Asia (AOR = 0.31; 95\% CI = 0.10, 0.96) and Europe (AOR = 0.82; 95\% CI = 0.69, 0.97); for children/adolescents (AOR = 0.52; 95\% CI = 0.29, 0.90) and adults (AOR = 0.81; 95\% CI = 0.69, 0.95). Results remained robust when adjusting for confounding factors. Overall study quality was moderate to high (mean NOS = 6.7 out of 9). Conclusion Evidence supports the notion that self-reported PA can confer protection against the emergence of anxiety regardless of demographic factors. In particular, higher PA levels protects from agoraphobia and posttraumatic disorder.}, language = {en} } @article{ScheelHoeppnerGrotevendtetal.2017, author = {Scheel, Tabea and Hoeppner, Dorothea and Grotevendt, Anne and Barthlen, Winfried}, title = {Clowns in Paediatric Surgery: Less Anxiety and More Oxytocin? A Pilot Study}, series = {Klinische P{\"a}diatrie : clinical research and practice in pediatrics}, volume = {229}, journal = {Klinische P{\"a}diatrie : clinical research and practice in pediatrics}, publisher = {Thieme}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0300-8630}, doi = {10.1055/s-0043-106854}, pages = {274 -- 280}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background Hospital stays and medical interventions are accompanied by worries and anxiety in children and parents. Recent studies show that hospital clowns may reduce anxiety and enhance well-being. However, so far studies are based solely on subjective measures and clowns are usually not integrated in medical routine. With this pilot study, we aim to provide both psychological and physiological evidence of positive effects of clowns' interventions in hospitalized children. Patients/Method In a consecutive randomized intervention-control group design with 31 children aged 4 to 13 years, 17 patients were accompanied by a clown prior to surgery or during ward round (intervention group) and 14 were not (control group). Saliva samples for oxytocin measurement were taken from all patients before hospitalization (T1) and prior to surgery or after ward round (T2). Self- and parents-reports were obtained at T1, T2 as well as at time of discharge from hospital (T3) regarding children's anxiety (STAI), worries and well-being. Clowns evaluated their success in cheering up the child. Health professionals were asked for their acceptance of clowns in hospitals. Results Children in the intervention group had lower anxiety ratings and a higher oxytocin concentration at T2 as compared with T1; the control group showed no changes. Parents rated the well-being of their children higher if their child had clown's contact and were more willing to recommend the hospital. The staff judged the clowns as helpful for patients. Discussion Consistent psychological and physiological results suggest the positive impact of a clown's intervention in hospitalized children.}, language = {en} } @article{ReinauerViermannFoertschetal.2018, author = {Reinauer, Christina and Viermann, Rabea and Foertsch, Katharina and Linderskamp, Hannah and Warschburger, Petra and Holl, Reinhard W. and Staab, Doris and Minden, Kirsten and Muche, Rainer and Domhardt, Matthias and Baumeister, Harald and Meissner, Thomas}, title = {Motivational Interviewing as a tool to enhance access to mental health treatment in adolescents with chronic medical conditions and need for psychological support (COACH-MI)}, series = {Trials}, volume = {19}, journal = {Trials}, publisher = {BMC}, address = {London}, organization = {COACH Consortium}, issn = {1745-6215}, doi = {10.1186/s13063-018-2997-5}, pages = {9}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background This cluster-randomised monocentric controlled trial focuses on improving the uptake symptoms of mental health care in adolescents with chronic medical conditions who have been identified by screening to have depression or anxiety. The study aims to determine the efficacy of motivational interviewing (MI) delivered by trained physicians to increase 12- to 20-year-old adolescents' utilisation of psychological health care for symptoms of anxiety or depression. Methods/design In this single-centre approach, n = 1,000 adolescents will be screened (using PHQ-9 and GAD-7), and adolescents with results indicative of anxiety or depressive symptoms (n = 162) will be advised to seek psychological health care in clusters from treating physicians in specialised outpatient departments. Participants who screen positive will receive either two sessions of MI or treatment as usual (TAU; regarded as the typical daily clinical practice), which is focused on recommending them to seek psychological health care for further evaluation. MI efficacy will be compared to the current TAU as the control condition. The primary outcome is the utilisation rate of psychological health care after counselling by an MI-trained physician vs. an untrained physician. Additionally, reasons for not claiming psychological support and changes in disease-related parameters will be evaluated in a 6-month follow-up session. Discussion This trial will evaluate the feasibility of MI as a way to improve the utilisation of mental health-care services by adolescents who need further support other than that provided by standard care for chronic diseases. Physicians offering MI to adolescents may serve as a model for optimising health-care management in daily clinical practice, which may improve adolescents' long-term well-being by improving adherence to medical treatment and preventing negative lifelong consequences into adulthood.}, language = {en} } @article{PerezChaparroKangasZechetal.2022, author = {P{\´e}rez Chaparro, Camilo Germ{\´a}n Alberto and Kangas, Maria and Zech, Philipp and Schuch, Felipe B. and Rapp, Michael A. and Heißel, Andreas}, title = {Recreational exercise is associated with lower prevalence of depression and anxiety and better quality of life in German people living with HIV}, series = {AIDS care : psychological and socio-medical aspects of AIDS/HIV}, volume = {34}, journal = {AIDS care : psychological and socio-medical aspects of AIDS/HIV}, number = {2}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {London [u.a.]}, issn = {1360-0451}, doi = {10.1080/09540121.2021.1889951}, pages = {182 -- 187}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Sedentarism is a risk factor for depression and anxiety. People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) have a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression compared to HIV-negative individuals. This cross-sectional study (n = 450, median age 44 (19-75), 7.3\% females) evaluates the prevalence rates and prevalence ratio (PR) of anxiety and/or depression in PLWH associated with recreational exercise. A decreased likelihood of having anxiety (PR=0.57; 0.36-0.91; p = 0.01), depression (PR=0.41; 0.36-0.94; p=0.01), and comorbid anxiety and depression (PR = 0,43; 0.24-0.75; p=0.002) was found in exercising compared to non-exercising PLWH. Recreational exercise is associated with a lower risk for anxiety and/or depression. Further prospective studies are needed to provide insights on the direction of this association.}, language = {en} } @article{Muschalla2014, author = {Muschalla, Beate}, title = {Work-related anxieties in research and practice}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie : german journal of work and organizational psychology}, volume = {58}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie : german journal of work and organizational psychology}, number = {4}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0932-4089}, doi = {10.1026/0932-4089/a000166}, pages = {206 -- 214}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Workplaces contain by their very nature different anxiety-provoking characteristics. When workplace-related anxieties manifest, absenteeism, long-term-sick leave, and even disability pension can be the consequences. In medical-vocational rehabilitation about 30-60 \% of the patients suffer from workplace-related anxieties that are often a barrier for return to work. Even in mentally healthy employees, 5 \% said that they were prone to ask for a sick leave certificate due to workplace-related anxieties. Future research should focus on workplace-related anxieties not only in rehabilitation, but more earlier, i. e. in the workplace. The concept of workplace-related anxieties offers ideas which can be useful in mental-health-oriented work analysis, employee-workplace-fit, and job design.}, language = {de} } @article{KucianZuberKohnetal.2018, author = {Kucian, Karin and Zuber, Isabelle and Kohn, Juliane and Poltz, Nadine and Wyschkon, Anne and Esser, G{\"u}nter and von Aster, Michael G.}, title = {Relation Between Mathematical Performance, Math Anxiety, and Affective Priming in Children With and Without Developmental Dyscalculia}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00263}, pages = {13}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Many children show negative emotions related to mathematics and some even develop mathematics anxiety. The present study focused on the relation between negative emotions and arithmetical performance in children with and without developmental dyscalculia (DD) using an affective priming task. Previous findings suggested that arithmetic performance is influenced if an affective prime precedes the presentation of an arithmetic problem. In children with DD specifically, responses to arithmetic operations are supposed to be facilitated by both negative and mathematics-related primes (= negative math priming effect). We investigated mathematical performance, math anxiety, and the domain-general abilities of 172 primary school children (76 with DD and 96 controls). All participants also underwent an affective priming task which consisted of the decision whether a simple arithmetic operation (addition or subtraction) that was preceded by a prime (positive/negative/neutral or mathematics-related) was true or false. Our findings did not reveal a negative math priming effect in children with DD. Furthermore, when considering accuracy levels, gender, or math anxiety, the negative math priming effect could not be replicated. However, children with DD showed more math anxiety when explicitly assessed by a specific math anxiety interview and showed lower mathematical performance compared to controls. Moreover, math anxiety was equally present in boys and girls, even in the earliest stages of schooling, and interfered negatively with performance. In conclusion, mathematics is often associated with negative emotions that can be manifested in specific math anxiety, particularly in children with DD. Importantly, present findings suggest that in the assessed age group, it is more reliable to judge math anxiety and investigate its effects on mathematical performance explicitly by adequate questionnaires than by an affective math priming task.}, language = {en} } @article{KangasHeissel2020, author = {Kangas, Maria and Heissel, Andreas}, title = {Mental health literacy, treatment preferences and the lived experience of mental health problems in an Australian cancer sample}, series = {Psycho-oncology}, volume = {29}, journal = {Psycho-oncology}, number = {11}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {New York, NY}, issn = {1057-9249}, doi = {10.1002/pon.5520}, pages = {1883 -- 1894}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Objectives: The prevalence rates for mental health (MH) problems in cancer patients is high, although reduced uptake of services may be influenced by mental health literacy (MHL). The objective of this study was to investigate the MHL for depression and panic disorder (PD), including treatment preferences in Australian adults who had been diagnosed and treated for cancer, and whether MHL and treatment preferences was influenced by sex, age, and individuals' lived MH experience. Method: A total of 421 cancer survivors (n = 378 females) completed a self-report survey. Participants were asked to specify whether they had a lived experience with anxiety and/or depression, and to indicate treatment preferences for managing cancer-related distress. Two vignettes were administered to assess MHL for depression and PD. Results: The MHL accuracy for depression was higher than PD. Accuracy rates were higher for females with a lived experience with anxiety and/or depression; although the accuracy rate for PD was significantly lower in males. A high proportion of individuals preferred exercise and in-person counselling to manage depression and PD. Internet-based therapies were not strongly preferred for managing MH problems. Conclusions: The MHL for depression and PD is moderate for adult cancer survivors, with higher levels indicated for individuals with a personal lived experience with anxiety and/or depression. Public health campaigns for enhancing MHL should broaden to include individuals experiencing comorbid physical health conditions. Health providers also need to take into account client preferences for evidence-based therapies.}, language = {en} } @article{HawroPrzybylowiczSpindleretal.2021, author = {Hawro, Tomasz and Przybylowicz, Katarzyna and Spindler, Max and Hawro, Marlena and Steć, Michał and Altrichter, Sabine and Weller, Karsten and Magerl, Markus and Reidel, Ulrich and Alarbeed, Ezzat and Alraboni, Ola and Maurer, Marcus and Metz, Martin}, title = {The characteristics and impact of pruritus in adult dermatology patients}, series = {Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology}, volume = {84}, journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, issn = {0190-9622}, doi = {10.1016/J.JAAD.2020.08.035}, pages = {691 -- 700}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background: Pruritus often accompanies chronic skin diseases, exerting considerable burden on many areas of patient functioning; this burden and the features of pruritus remain insufficiently characterized. Objective: To investigate characteristics, including localization patterns, and burden of pruritus in patients with chronic dermatoses. Methods: We recruited 800 patients with active chronic skin diseases. We assessed pruritus intensity, localization, and further characteristics. We used validated questionnaires to assess quality of life, work productivity and activity impairment, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality. Results: Nine out of every 10 patients had experienced pruritus throughout their disease and 73\% in the last 7 days. Pruritus often affected the entire body and was not restricted to skin lesions. Patients with moderate to severe pruritus reported significantly more impairment to their sleep quality and work productivity, and they were more depressed and anxious than control individuals and patients with mild or no pruritus. Suicidal ideations were highly prevalent in patients with chronic pruritus (18.5\%) and atopic dermatitis (11.8\%). Conclusions: Pruritus prevalence and intensity are very high across all dermatoses studied; intensity is linked to impairment in many areas of daily functioning. Effective treatment strategies are urgently required to treat pruritus and the underlying skin disease. ( J Am Acad Dermatol 2021;84:691-700.)}, language = {en} } @article{GamezGuadixMateosWachsetal.2022, author = {G{\´a}mez-Guadix, Manuel and Mateos, Estibaliz and Wachs, Sebastian and Blanco, Marta}, title = {Self-harm on the internet among adolescents}, series = {Psicothema}, volume = {34}, journal = {Psicothema}, number = {2}, publisher = {Departamento de Psicolog{\´i}a de la Universidad de Oviedo, Colegio Oficial de Psic{\´o}logos del Principado de Asturias, Vicerrectorado de Investigaci{\´o}n de la Universidad de Oviedo}, address = {Oviedo}, issn = {0214-9915}, doi = {10.7334/psicothema2021.328}, pages = {233 -- 239}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background: Using the internet to search for information or share images about self-harm is an emerging risk among young people. The aims of this study were (a) to analyze the prevalence of different types of self-harm on the internet and differences by sex and age, and (b) to examine the relationship of self-harm on the internet with intrapersonal factors (i.e., depression and anxiety) and interpersonal factors (i.e., family cohesion and social resources). Method: The sample consisted of 1,877 adolescents (946 girls) between 12 and 17 years old (Mage = 13.41, SD = 1.25) who completed self-report measures. Results: Approximately 11\% of the participants had been involved in some type of self-harm on the internet. The prevalence was significantly higher among girls than boys and among adolescents older than 15 years old. Depression and anxiety increased the risk of self-harm on the internet, whereas family cohesion decreased the probability of self-harm on the internet. Conclusions: Self-harm on the internet is a relatively widespread phenomenon among Spanish adolescents. Prevention programs should include emotional regulation, coping skills, and resilience to reduce in this behavior.}, language = {en} } @article{Berzewski2011, author = {Berzewski, Horst}, title = {Anxiety and panic in case of emergency correct diagnostics and treatment}, series = {Der Notarzt : notfallmedizinische Informationen}, volume = {27}, journal = {Der Notarzt : notfallmedizinische Informationen}, number = {4}, publisher = {Thieme}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0177-2309}, doi = {10.1055/s-0031-1276848}, pages = {148 -- 153}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Fearful patients are in emergency situation often inattentive, unable to concentrate, agitated or even aroused. They show reduced perception and restricted willingness to cooperate. In severe conditions these patients are strongly tending towards more hazardous behavior: refusal of necessary therapy, break out or even high suicidal risk. Within disaster situations (mass accidents, fires) fearful patients with their agitated and persuasive behavior can influence other victims and with that trigger a situation of mass panic that has to be avoided at any cost. Therefore these patients must be swiftly identified and separated from the event. A diligent diagnosis process including physical-neurological examination is necessary. The recommended treatment within the emergency situation consists of a close continuous personal contact through assuring and encouraging conversations. A sense of security should be created by explaining the planned therapeutic interventions in simple, easy-to-follow and understandable words. If this necessary psycho-therapeutic intervention can not be applied a short-term psychopharmacological treatment is required preferably with Benzodiazepines. Still a long-term specific therapy is highly advised, since these disturbances, if left untreated, will lead to a chronic manifestation and with that to considerable psychosocial impairments.}, language = {de} }