@techreport{SpaethGoller2023, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Sp{\"a}th, Maximilian and Goller, Daniel}, title = {Gender differences in investment reactions to irrelevant information}, series = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, journal = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, number = {67}, issn = {2628-653X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-60635}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-606351}, pages = {25, 4}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Economic agents often irrationally base their decision-making on irrelevant information. This research analyzes whether men and women react to futile information about past outcomes. For this purpose, we run a laboratory experiment (Study 1) and use field data (Study 2). In both studies, the behavior of men is consistent with falsely assumed negative autocorrelation, often referred to as gambler's fallacy Women's behavior aligns with falsely assumed positive autocorrelation, a notion of the hot hand fallacy. On the aggregate, the two fallacies cancel out. Even when individuals are, on average, rational, the biases in the decision-making of subgroups might cause inefficient outcomes. In a mediation analysis, we find that a) the agents stated perceived probabilities of future outcomes are not blurred by irrelevant information and b) about 40 \% of the observed biases are driven by differences in the perceived attractiveness of available choices caused by the irrelevant information.}, language = {en} } @techreport{MuellerNeumannWrohlich2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {M{\"u}ller, Kai-Uwe and Neumann, Michael and Wrohlich, Katharina}, title = {Labor supply under participation and hours constraints}, series = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, journal = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, number = {3}, issn = {2628-653X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42765}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427656}, pages = {50}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The paper extends a static discrete-choice labor supply model by adding participation and hours constraints. We identify restrictions by survey information on the eligibility and search activities of individuals as well as actual and desired hours. This provides for a more robust identification of preferences and constraints. Both, preferences and restrictions are allowed to vary by and are related through observed and unobserved characteristics. We distinguish various restrictions mechanisms: labor demand rationing, working hours norms varying across occupations, and insufficient public childcare on the supply side of the market. The effect of these mechanisms is simulated by relaxing different constraints at a time. We apply the empirical frame- work to evaluate an in-work benefit for low-paid parents in the German institutional context. The benefit is supposed to increase work incentives for secondary earners. Based on the structural model we are able to disentangle behavioral reactions into the pure incentive effect and the limiting impact of constraints at the intensive and extensive margin. We find that the in-work benefit for parents substantially increases working hours of mothers of young children, especially when they have a low education. Simulating the effects of restrictions shows their substantial impact on employment of mothers with young children.}, language = {en} } @techreport{GraeberKritikosSeebauer2021, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Graeber, Daniel and Kritikos, Alexander and Seebauer, Johannes}, title = {COVID-19: a crisis of the female self-employed}, series = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, journal = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, number = {27}, issn = {2628-653X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-49810}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-498108}, pages = {72}, year = {2021}, abstract = {We investigate how the economic consequences of the pandemic, and of the government-mandated measures to contain its spread, affect the self-employed - particularly women - in Germany. For our analysis, we use representative, real-time survey data in which respondents were asked about their situation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings indicate that among the self-employed, who generally face a higher likelihood of income losses due to COVID-19 than employees, women are 35\% more likely to experience income losses than their male counterparts. Conversely, we do not find a comparable gender gap among employees. Our results further suggest that the gender gap among the self-employed is largely explained by the fact that women disproportionately work in industries that are more severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis of potential mechanisms reveals that women are significantly more likely to be impacted by government-imposed restrictions, i.e. the regulation of opening hours. We conclude that future policy measures intending to mitigate the consequences of such shocks should account for this considerable variation in economic hardship.}, language = {en} } @techreport{CaliendoGraeberKritikosetal.2022, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Caliendo, Marco and Graeber, Daniel and Kritikos, Alexander and Seebauer, Johannes}, title = {Pandemic Depression: COVID-19 and the Mental Health of the Self-Employed}, series = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, journal = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, number = {46}, issn = {2628-653X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-54899}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-548999}, pages = {65}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-employed people's mental health. Using representative longitudinal survey data from Germany, we reveal differential effects by gender: whereas self-employed women experienced a substantial deterioration in their mental health, self-employed men displayed no significant changes up to early 2021. Financial losses are important in explaining these differences. In addition, we find larger mental health responses among self-employed women who were directly affected by government-imposed restrictions and bore an increased childcare burden due to school and daycare closures. We also find that self-employed individuals who are more resilient coped better with the crisis.}, language = {en} }