@article{SixtusFischerLindemann2017,
  author    = {Sixtus, Elena and Fischer, Martin H. and Lindemann, Oliver},
  title     = {Finger posing primes number comprehension},
  series = {Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {1612-4782},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10339-017-0804-y},
  pages     = {237 -- 248},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Canonical finger postures, as used in counting, activate number knowledge, but the exact mechanism for this priming effect is unclear. Here we dissociated effects of visual versus motor priming of number concepts. In Experiment 1, participants were exposed either to pictures of canonical finger postures (visual priming) or actively produced the same finger postures (motor priming) and then used foot responses to rapidly classify auditory numbers (targets) as smaller or larger than 5. Classification times revealed that manually adopted but not visually perceived postures primed magnitude classifications. Experiment 2 obtained motor priming of number processing through finger postures also with vocal responses. Priming only occurred through canonical and not through non-canonical finger postures. Together, these results provide clear evidence for motor priming of number knowledge. Relative contributions of vision and action for embodied numerical cognition and the importance of canonicity of postures are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WasnerMoellerFischeretal.2015,
  author    = {Wasner, Mirjam and M{\"o}ller, Korbinian and Fischer, Martin H. and Nuerk, Hans-Christoph},
  title     = {Related but not the same: Ordinality, cardinality and 1-to-1 correspondence in finger-based numerical representations},
  series = {Journal of cognitive psychology},
  volume    = {27},
  journal   = {Journal of cognitive psychology},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {2044-5911},
  doi       = {10.1080/20445911.2014.964719},
  pages     = {426 -- 441},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Finger-based numerical representations have gained increasing research interest. However, their description and assessment often refer to different numerical principles of ordinality, cardinality and 1-to-1 correspondence. Our aim was to investigate similarities and differences between these principles in finger-based numerical representations. Sixty-eight healthy adults performed ordinal finger counting, cardinal finger montring (showing the number of gestures) and finger-to-number mapping with twisted arms and fingers. We found that counting gestures and montring postures were identical for Number 10 but differed to varying degrees for other numbers. Interestingly, there was no systematic relation between finger-to-number mapping and ordinal finger counting habits. These data question the assumption of a unitary embodied finger-based numerical representation, but suggest that different finger-based representations co-exist and can be recruited flexibly depending on the numerical aspects to be conveyed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WasnerMoellerFischeretal.2014,
  author    = {Wasner, Mirjam and Moeller, Korbinian and Fischer, Martin H. and Nuerk, Hans-Christoph},
  title     = {Aspects of situated cognition in embodied numerosity: the case of finger counting},
  series = {Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {1612-4782},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10339-014-0599-z},
  pages     = {317 -- 328},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Numerical cognitions such as spatial-numerical associations have been observed to be influenced by grounded, embodied and situated factors. For the case of finger counting, grounded and embodied influences have been reported. However, situated influences, e.g., that reported counting habits change with perception and action within a given situation, have not been systematically examined. To pursue the issue of situatedness of reported finger-counting habits, 458 participants were tested in three separate groups: (1) spontaneous condition: counting with both hands available, (2) perceptual condition: counting with horizontal (left-to-right) perceptual arrangement of fingers (3) perceptual and proprioceptive condition: counting with horizontal (left-to-right) perceptual arrangement of fingers and with busy dominant hand. Report of typical counting habits differed strongly between the three conditions. 28 \% reported to start counting with the left hand in the spontaneous counting condition (1), 54 \% in the perceptual condition (2) and 62 \% in the perceptual and proprioceptive condition (3). Additionally, all participants in the spontaneous counting group showed a symmetry-based counting pattern (with the thumb as number 6), while in the two other groups, a considerable number of participants exhibited a spatially continuous counting pattern (with the pinkie as number 6). Taken together, the study shows that reported finger-counting habits depend on the perceptual and proprioceptive situation and thus are strongly influenced by situated cognition. We suggest that this account reconciles apparently contradictory previous findings of different counting preferences regarding the starting hand in different examination situations.},
  language  = {en}
}