@article{PerezLopezMartinVelazquezSanchezMoraletal.2017,
  author    = {Perez-Lopez, Raul and Martin-Velazquez, Saul and Sanchez-Moral, Sergio and Patyniak, Magda and Lopez-Gutierrez, Jose and Cuezva, Soledad and Lario, J. and Silva, P. G. and Rodriguez-Pascua, M. A. and Giner-Robles, J. L.},
  title     = {New insights on speleoseismology: The geothermal gradient and heat flow values in caves for the study of active faults},
  series = {Quaternary international : the journal of the International Union for Quaternary Research},
  volume    = {451},
  journal   = {Quaternary international : the journal of the International Union for Quaternary Research},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1040-6182},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.quaint.2016.11.026},
  pages     = {165 -- 175},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Normally in paleoseismology, the study of the tectonic slip-rate is performed in trenches on the fault scarp, or by the estimation of fault movements from the geomorphic features. In this work, we have carried out a paleoseismic analysis of the Benis Fault, located in southeast Spain, combined with a geothermal analysis inside a deep cave related to the fault (-350 m). Thus, we have estimated the last earthquake magnitude and time of occurrence from evidence of ceiling collapse and displaced carbonate blocks inside a cave, which is developed across the fault. The magnitude was obtained from the application of the empirical relationship of the fault parameters and coseismic vertical displacement, yielding a value ranging between M 5.9 and M 6.5. Moreover, we dated this paleoearthquake by the paleontological record of a "Lynx pardinus spelaea", with an age of 65 +/- 18 ka BP. Additionally, we have measured the thermal profile of the Benis Cave (-350 m of depth), from single rock point temperature measurements during 2 years. The temperature profile shows three different parts inside the cave, the shallow heterogeneous thermal zone till 50 m depth; the homogeneous thermal zone 150 m till with constant temperature and the hetero-thermal deep zone, deeper than 150 m and till the deepest zone (350 m). Furthermore, we have estimated the Vertical Geothermal Gradient, 1.85 degrees C/100 m for the deepest zone (-150; -290 m). The temperature increases with depth, showing a reverse thermal profile in comparison with normal gradients in deep caves. Finally, we have calculated the heat flux of 0.46 mWm(2). (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ElsnerSchiblerHofreiteretal.2015,
  author    = {Elsner, Julia and Schibler, Joerg and Hofreiter, Michael and Schlumbaum, Angela},
  title     = {Burial condition is the most important factor for mtDNA PCR amplification success in Palaeolithic equid remains from the Alpine foreland},
  series = {Archaeological and anthropological sciences},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Archaeological and anthropological sciences},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {1866-9557},
  doi       = {10.1007/s12520-014-0213-4},
  pages     = {505 -- 515},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Faunal remains from Palaeolithic sites are important genetic sources to study preglacial and postglacial populations and to investigate the effect of climate change and human impact. Post mortem decay, resulting in fragmented and chemically modified DNA, is a key obstacle in ancient DNA analyses. In the absence of reliable methods to determine the presence of endogenous DNA in sub-fossil samples, temporal and spatial surveys of DNA survival on a regional scale may help to estimate the potential of faunal remains from a given time period and region. We therefore investigated PCR amplification success, PCR performance and post mortem damage in c. 47,000 to c. 12,000-year-old horse remains from 14 Palaeolithic sites along the Swiss Jura Mountains in relation to depositional context, tissue type, storage time and age, potentially influencing DNA preservation. The targeted 75 base pair mitochondrial DNA fragment could be amplified solely from equid remains from caves and not from any of the open dry and (temporary) wetland sites. Whether teeth are better than bones cannot be ultimately decided; however, both storage time after excavation and age significantly affect PCR amplification and performance, albeit not in a linear way. This is best explained by the-inevitable-heterogeneity of the data set. The extent of post mortem damage is not related to any of the potential impact factors. The results encourage comprehensive investigations of Palaeolithic cave sites, even from temperate regions.},
  language  = {en}
}