@article{BreitBrunnerPreckel2021,
  author    = {Breit, Moritz Lion and Brunner, Martin and Preckel, Franzis},
  title     = {Age and ability differentiation in children},
  series = {Developmental psychology},
  volume    = {57},
  journal   = {Developmental psychology},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  address   = {Richmond, Va. [u.a.]},
  issn      = {0012-1649},
  doi       = {10.1037/dev0001147},
  pages     = {325 -- 346},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Differentiation hypotheses concern changes in the structural organization of cognitive abilities that depend on the level of general intelligence (ability differentiation) or age (developmental differentiation). Part 1 of this article presents a review of the literature on ability and developmental differentiation effects in children, revealing the need for studies that examine both effects simultaneously in this age group with appropriate statistical methods. Part 2 presents an empirical study in which nonlinear factor analytic models were applied to the standardization sample (N = 2,619 German elementary schoolchildren; 48\% female; age: M = 8.8 years, SD = 1.2, range 6-12 years) of the THINK 1-4 intelligence test to investigate ability differentiation, developmental differentiation, and their interaction. The sample was nationally representative regarding age, gender, urbanization, and geographic location of residence but not regarding parents' education and migration background (overrepresentation of children with more educated parents, underrepresentation of children with migration background). The results showed no consistent evidence for the presence of differentiation effects or their interaction. Instead, different patterns were observed for figural, numerical, and verbal reasoning. Implications for the construction of intelligence tests, the assessment of intelligence in children, and for theories of cognitive development are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KellerPreckelBrunner2021,
  author    = {Keller, Lena and Preckel, Franzis and Brunner, Martin},
  title     = {Nonlinear relations between achievement and academic self-concepts in elementary and secondary school},
  series = {Journal of educational psychology / American Psychological Association},
  volume    = {113},
  journal   = {Journal of educational psychology / American Psychological Association},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0022-0663},
  doi       = {10.1037/edu0000533},
  pages     = {585 -- 604},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {It is well-documented that academic achievement is associated with students' self-perceptions of their academic abilities, that is, their academic self-concepts. However, low-achieving students may apply self-protective strategies to maintain a favorable academic self-concept when evaluating their academic abilities. Consequently, the relation between achievement and academic self-concept might not be linear across the entire achievement continuum. Capitalizing on representative data from three large-scale assessments (i.e., TIMSS, PIRLS, PISA; N = 470,804), we conducted an integrative data analysis to address nonlinear trends in the relations between achievement and the corresponding self-concepts in mathematics and the verbal domain across 13 countries and 2 age groups (i.e., elementary and secondary school students). Polynomial and interrupted regression analyses showed nonlinear relations in secondary school students, demonstrating that the relations between achievement and the corresponding self-concepts were weaker for lower achieving students than for higher achieving students. Nonlinear effects were also present in younger students, but the pattern of results was rather heterogeneous. We discuss implications for theory as well as for the assessment and interpretation of self-concept.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RichterBrunnerRichter2021,
  author    = {Richter, Eric and Brunner, Martin and Richter, Dirk},
  title     = {Teacher educators' task perception and its relationship to professional identity and teaching practice},
  series = {Teaching and teacher education : an international journal of research and studies},
  volume    = {101},
  journal   = {Teaching and teacher education : an international journal of research and studies},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0742-051X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.tate.2021.103303},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {We assessed teacher educators? task perception and investigated its relationship with components of their professional identity and their teaching practice. Using data from 145 teacher educators, two different task perceptions were found: transmitters and facilitators. Teacher educators who were categorized as facilitator tend to demonstrate higher levels of self-efficacy, job satisfaction, constructivist beliefs about teaching and learning and use more effective teaching strategies. The findings demonstrate that teaching practices of teacher educators are rooted in their professional identity. ? 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BruckmaierKraussBinderetal.2021,
  author    = {Bruckmaier, Georg and Krauss, Stefan and Binder, Karin and Hilbert, Sven Lars and Brunner, Martin},
  title     = {Tversky and Kahneman's cognitive illusions},
  series = {Frontiers in psychology},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in psychology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.584689},
  pages     = {25},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In the present paper we empirically investigate the psychometric properties of some of the most famous statistical and logical cognitive illusions from the "heuristics and biases" research program by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, who nearly 50 years ago introduced fascinating brain teasers such as the famous Linda problem, the Wason card selection task, and so-called Bayesian reasoning problems (e.g., the mammography task). In the meantime, a great number of articles has been published that empirically examine single cognitive illusions, theoretically explaining people's faulty thinking, or proposing and experimentally implementing measures to foster insight and to make these problems accessible to the human mind. Yet these problems have thus far usually been empirically analyzed on an individual-item level only (e.g., by experimentally comparing participants' performance on various versions of one of these problems). In this paper, by contrast, we examine these illusions as a group and look at the ability to solve them as a psychological construct. Based on an sample of N = 2,643 Luxembourgian school students of age 16-18 we investigate the internal psychometric structure of these illusions (i.e., Are they substantially correlated? Do they form a reflexive or a formative construct?), their connection to related constructs (e.g., Are they distinguishable from intelligence or mathematical competence in a confirmatory factor analysis?), and the question of which of a person's abilities can predict the correct solution of these brain teasers (by means of a regression analysis).},
  language  = {en}
}