@article{MainkaWisselVoelleretal.2018, author = {Mainka, Stefan and Wissel, J{\"o}rg and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Evers, Stefan}, title = {The Use of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation to Optimize Treadmill Training for Stroke Patients}, series = {Frontiers in Neurology}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers in Neurology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-2295}, doi = {10.3389/fneur.2018.00755}, pages = {8}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The use of functional music in gait training termed rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) and treadmill training (TT) have both been shown to be effective in stroke patients (SP). The combination of RAS and treadmill training (RAS-TT) has not been clinically evaluated to date. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of RAS-TT on functional gait in SR The protocol followed the design of an explorative study with a rater-blinded three arm prospective randomized controlled parallel group design. Forty-five independently walking SP with a hemiparesis of the lower limb or an unsafe and asymmetrical walking pattern were recruited. RAS-TT was carried out over 4 weeks with TT and neurodevelopmental treatment based on Bobath approach (NDT) serving as control interventions. For RAS-TT functional music was adjusted individually while walking on the treadmill. Pre and post-assessments consisted of the fast gait speed test (FGS), a gait analysis with the locometre (LOC), 3 min walking time test (3MWT), and an instrumental evaluation of balance (IEB). Raters were blinded to group assignments. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed with affiliated measures from pre-assessment and time between stroke and start of study as covariates. Thirty-five participants (mean age 63.6 +/- 8.6 years, mean time between stroke and start of study 42.1 +/- 23.7 days) completed the study (11 RAS-TT, 13 TT, 11 NDT). Significant group differences occurred in the FGS for adjusted post-measures in gait velocity [F-(2,F- (34)) = 3.864, p = 0.032; partial eta(2) = 0.205] and cadence [F-(2,F- 34) = 7.656, p = 0.002; partial eta(2) = 0.338]. Group contrasts showed significantly higher values for RAS-TT. Stride length results did not vary between the groups. LOC, 3MWT, and IEB did not indicate group differences. One patient was withdrawn from TT because of pain in one arm. The study provides first evidence for a higher efficacy of RAS-TT in comparison to the standard approaches TT and NDT in restoring functional gait in SP. The results support the implementation of functional music in neurological gait rehabilitation and its use in combination with treadmill training.}, language = {en} } @misc{MainkaWisselVoelleretal.2018, author = {Mainka, Stefan and Wissel, J{\"o}rg and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Evers, Stefan}, title = {The use of rhythmic auditory stimulation to optimize treadmill training for stroke patients}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {655}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-45917}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-459179}, pages = {10}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The use of functional music in gait training termed rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) and treadmill training (TT) have both been shown to be effective in stroke patients (SP). The combination of RAS and treadmill training (RAS-TT) has not been clinically evaluated to date. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of RAS-TT on functional gait in SR The protocol followed the design of an explorative study with a rater-blinded three arm prospective randomized controlled parallel group design. Forty-five independently walking SP with a hemiparesis of the lower limb or an unsafe and asymmetrical walking pattern were recruited. RAS-TT was carried out over 4 weeks with TT and neurodevelopmental treatment based on Bobath approach (NDT) serving as control interventions. For RAS-TT functional music was adjusted individually while walking on the treadmill. Pre and post-assessments consisted of the fast gait speed test (FGS), a gait analysis with the locometre (LOC), 3 min walking time test (3MWT), and an instrumental evaluation of balance (IEB). Raters were blinded to group assignments. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed with affiliated measures from pre-assessment and time between stroke and start of study as covariates. Thirty-five participants (mean age 63.6 +/- 8.6 years, mean time between stroke and start of study 42.1 +/- 23.7 days) completed the study (11 RAS-TT, 13 TT, 11 NDT). Significant group differences occurred in the FGS for adjusted post-measures in gait velocity [F-(2,F- (34)) = 3.864, p = 0.032; partial eta(2) = 0.205] and cadence [F-(2,F- 34) = 7.656, p = 0.002; partial eta(2) = 0.338]. Group contrasts showed significantly higher values for RAS-TT. Stride length results did not vary between the groups. LOC, 3MWT, and IEB did not indicate group differences. One patient was withdrawn from TT because of pain in one arm. The study provides first evidence for a higher efficacy of RAS-TT in comparison to the standard approaches TT and NDT in restoring functional gait in SP. The results support the implementation of functional music in neurological gait rehabilitation and its use in combination with treadmill training.}, language = {en} } @article{Eckstein2016, author = {Eckstein, Lars}, title = {Sound matters: postcolonial critique for a viral age}, series = {Atlantic studies : literary, cultural and historical perspectives}, volume = {13}, journal = {Atlantic studies : literary, cultural and historical perspectives}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1478-8810}, doi = {10.1080/14788810.2016.1216222}, pages = {445 -- 456}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This essay proposes a reorientation in postcolonial studies that takes account of the transcultural realities of the viral twenty-first century. This reorientation entails close attention to actual performances, their specific medial embeddedness, and their entanglement in concrete formal or informal material conditions. It suggests that rather than a focus on print and writing favoured by theories in the wake of the linguistic turn, performed lyrics and sounds may be better suited to guide the conceptual work. Accordingly, the essay chooses a classic of early twentieth-century digital music - M.I.A.'s 2003/2005 single "Galang" - as its guiding example. It ultimately leads up to a reflection on what Ravi Sundaram coined as "pirate modernity," which challenges us to rethink notions of artistic authorship and authority, hegemony and subversion, culture and theory in the postcolonial world of today.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Harding2016, author = {Harding, Eleanor Elizabeth}, title = {Neurocognitive entrainment to meter influences syntactic comprehension in music and language}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-102258}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {vi, 318}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Meter and syntax have overlapping elements in music and speech domains, and individual differences have been documented in both meter perception and syntactic comprehension paradigms. Previous evidence insinuated but never fully explored the relationship that metrical structure has to syntactic comprehension, the comparability of these processes across music and language domains, and the respective role of individual differences. This dissertation aimed to investigate neurocognitive entrainment to meter in music and language, the impact that neurocognitive entrainment had on syntactic comprehension, and whether individual differences in musical expertise, temporal perception and working memory played a role during these processes. A theoretical framework was developed, which linked neural entrainment, cognitive entrainment, and syntactic comprehension while detailing previously documented effects of individual differences on meter perception and syntactic comprehension. The framework was developed in both music and language domains and was tested using behavioral and EEG methods across three studies (seven experiments). In order to satisfy empirical evaluation of neurocognitive entrainment and syntactic aspects of the framework, original melodies and sentences were composed. Each item had four permutations: regular and irregular metricality, based on the hierarchical organization of strong and weak notes and syllables, and preferred and non-preferred syntax, based on structurally alternate endings. The framework predicted — for both music and language domains — greater neurocognitive entrainment in regular compared to irregular metricality conditions, and accordingly, better syntactic integration in regular compared to irregular metricality conditions. Individual differences among participants were expected for both entrainment and syntactic processes. Altogether, the dissertation was able to support a holistic account of neurocognitive entrainment to musical meter and its subsequent influence on syntactic integration of melodies, with musician participants. The theoretical predictions were not upheld in the language domain with musician participants, but initial behavioral evidence in combination with previous EEG evidence suggest that perhaps non-musician language EEG data would support the framework's predictions. Musicians' deviation from hypothesized results in the language domain were suspected to reflect heightened perception of acoustic features stemming from musical training, which caused current 'overly' regular stimuli to distract the cognitive system. The individual-differences approach was vindicated by the surfacing of two factors scores, Verbal Working Memory and Time and Pitch Discrimination, which in turn correlated with multiple experimental data across the three studies.}, language = {en} } @misc{Eckstein2016, author = {Eckstein, Lars}, title = {Sound matters}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe}, number = {119}, issn = {1866-8380}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-98393}, pages = {13}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This essay proposes a reorientation in postcolonial studies that takes account of the transcultural realities of the viral twenty-first century. This reorientation entails close attention to actual performances, their specific medial embeddedness, and their entanglement in concrete formal or informal material conditions. It suggests that rather than a focus on print and writing favoured by theories in the wake of the linguistic turn, performed lyrics and sounds may be better suited to guide the conceptual work. Accordingly, the essay chooses a classic of early twentieth-century digital music - M.I.A.'s 2003/2005 single "Galang" - as its guiding example. It ultimately leads up to a reflection on what Ravi Sundaram coined as "pirate modernity," which challenges us to rethink notions of artistic authorship and authority, hegemony and subversion, culture and theory in the postcolonial world of today.}, language = {en} }