@misc{HortobagyiLesinskiFernandezdelOlmoetal.2015, author = {Hortobagyi, Tibor and Lesinski, Melanie and Fernandez-del-Olmo, Miguel and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Small and inconsistent effects of whole body vibration on athletic performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis}, series = {European journal of applied physiology}, volume = {115}, journal = {European journal of applied physiology}, number = {8}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1439-6319}, doi = {10.1007/s00421-015-3194-9}, pages = {1605 -- 1625}, year = {2015}, abstract = {We quantified the acute and chronic effects of whole body vibration on athletic performance or its proxy measures in competitive and/or elite athletes. Systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Whole body vibration combined with exercise had an overall 0.3 \% acute effect on maximal voluntary leg force (-6.4 \%, effect size = -0.43, 1 study), leg power (4.7 \%, weighted mean effect size = 0.30, 6 studies), flexibility (4.6 \%, effect size = -0.12 to 0.22, 2 studies), and athletic performance (-1.9 \%, weighted mean effect size = 0.26, 6 studies) in 191 (103 male, 88 female) athletes representing eight sports (overall effect size = 0.28). Whole body vibration combined with exercise had an overall 10.2 \% chronic effect on maximal voluntary leg force (14.6 \%, weighted mean effect size = 0.44, 5 studies), leg power (10.7 \%, weighted mean effect size = 0.42, 9 studies), flexibility (16.5 \%, effect size = 0.57 to 0.61, 2 studies), and athletic performance (-1.2 \%, weighted mean effect size = 0.45, 5 studies) in 437 (169 male, 268 female) athletes (overall effect size = 0.44). Whole body vibration has small and inconsistent acute and chronic effects on athletic performance in competitive and/or elite athletes. These findings lead to the hypothesis that neuromuscular adaptive processes following whole body vibration are not specific enough to enhance athletic performance. Thus, other types of exercise programs (e.g., resistance training) are recommended if the goal is to improve athletic performance.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchusterKrahe2019, author = {Schuster, Isabell and Krahe, Barbara}, title = {Prevalence of Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration in Chile}, series = {Trauma violence \& abuse}, volume = {20}, journal = {Trauma violence \& abuse}, number = {2}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, issn = {1524-8380}, doi = {10.1177/1524838017697307}, pages = {229 -- 244}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Sexual aggression is a major public health issue worldwide, but most knowledge is derived from studies conducted in North America and Western Europe. Little research has been conducted on the prevalence of sexual aggression in developing countries, including Chile. This article presents the first systematic review of the evidence on the prevalence of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration among women and men in Chile. Furthermore, it reports differences in prevalence rates in relation to victim and perpetrator characteristics and victim-perpetrator relationships. A total of N = 28 studies were identified by a three-stage literature search, including the screening of academic databases, publications of Chilean institutions, and reference lists. A great heterogeneity was found for prevalence rates of sexual victimization, ranging between 1.0\% and 51.9\% for women and 0.4\% and 48.0\% for men. Only four studies provided perpetration rates, which varied between 0.8\% and 26.8\% for men and 0.0\% and 16.5\% for women. No consistent evidence emerged for differences in victimization rates in relation to victims' gender, age, and education. Perpetrators were more likely to be persons known to the victim. Conceptual and methodological differences between the studies are discussed as reasons for the great variability in prevalence rates, and recommendations are provided for a more harmonized and gender-inclusive approach for future research on sexual aggression in Chile.}, language = {en} } @misc{MartinezFerreirodeAguiarRofes2015, author = {Martinez-Ferreiro, Silvia and de Aguiar, Vania and Rofes, Adria}, title = {Non-fluent aphasia in Ibero-Romance: a review of morphosyntactic deficits}, series = {Aphasiology : an international, interdisciplinary journal}, volume = {29}, journal = {Aphasiology : an international, interdisciplinary journal}, number = {1}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0268-7038}, doi = {10.1080/02687038.2014.958915}, pages = {101 -- 126}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background: Castilian-Spanish, Catalan, Galician, and European Portuguese are the most widely spoken languages of the Ibero-Romance group. An increasing number of authors have addressed the impact of aphasia on the morphosyntax of these varieties. However, accurate linguistic characterisations are scarce and the different sources of data have not been yet compiled.Aims: To stimulate state-of-the-art research, we provided a comprehensive summary of morphosyntactic aspects of Ibero-Romance and a review of how these are affected in non-fluent aphasia. The topics we dealt with are the use of verb argument structure and morphology, sentential negation and word order, definite articles, personal and reflexive pronouns, passives, topicalised constructions, questions, and relative clauses.Methods \& Procedures: An exhaustive fieldwork and search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline records were performed to retrieve studies focused on morphosyntactic issues concerning the Ibero-Romance varieties. A total of 27 studies produced by 46 authors of varying background emerged. We did not review studies of category-specific deficits and aspects related to bilingual aphasia, although we assume that most speakers of Galician and Catalan are bilingual. Studies of spontaneous speech were included when no controlled experimental tasks were available.Outcomes \& Results: The morphosyntactic commonalities of Ibero-Romance have been tackled from different theoretical perspectives. There exist asymmetries in findings which we explain with the use of different tasks (and task complexity) and individual differences between participants.Conclusions: Discourse-linking factors as well as deviations from the canonical pattern are recurrent answers to these asymmetries. A comprehensive theory of impairments in non-fluent aphasia integrating relevant aspects of both structural and processing accounts seems necessary.}, language = {en} } @misc{TrukenbrodEngbert2014, author = {Trukenbrod, Hans Arne and Engbert, Ralf}, title = {ICAT: a computational model for the adaptive control of fixation durations}, series = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, volume = {21}, journal = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1069-9384}, doi = {10.3758/s13423-013-0575-0}, pages = {907 -- 934}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Eye movements depend on cognitive processes related to visual information processing. Much has been learned about the spatial selection of fixation locations, while the principles governing the temporal control (fixation durations) are less clear. Here, we review current theories for the control of fixation durations in tasks like visual search, scanning, scene perception, and reading and propose a new model for the control of fixation durations. We distinguish two local principles from one global principle of control. First, an autonomous saccade timer initiates saccades after random time intervals (local-I). Second, foveal inhibition permits immediate prolongation of fixation durations by ongoing processing (local-II). Third, saccade timing is adaptive, so that the mean timer value depends on task requirements and fixation history (Global). We demonstrate by numerical simulations that our model qualitatively reproduces patterns of mean fixation durations and fixation duration distributions observed in typical experiments. When combined with assumptions of saccade target selection and oculomotor control, the model accounts for both temporal and spatial aspects of eye movement control in two versions of a visual search task. We conclude that the model provides a promising framework for the control of fixation durations in saccadic tasks.}, language = {en} } @misc{KrajenbrinkNickelsKohnen2015, author = {Krajenbrink, Trudy and Nickels, Lyndsey and Kohnen, Saskia}, title = {Generalisation after treatment of acquired spelling impairments: A review}, series = {Neuropsychological rehabilitation}, volume = {25}, journal = {Neuropsychological rehabilitation}, number = {4}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0960-2011}, doi = {10.1080/09602011.2014.983135}, pages = {503 -- 554}, year = {2015}, abstract = {This paper provides a comprehensive review of treatment studies of acquired dysgraphia and the occurrence of generalisation after this treatment. The aim is to examine what determines the occurrence of generalisation by investigating the link between the level of impairment, the method of treatment, and the outcome of therapy. We present the outcomes of treatment with regard to generalisation in 40 treatment studies. We derive general principles of generalisation which provide us with a better understanding of the mechanism of generalisation: (1) Direct treatment effects on representations or processes; (2) interactive processing and summation of activation; and (3) strategies and compensatory skills. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of the cognitive processes used for spelling. Finally, we provide suggestions for the direction of further research into this important area, as a better understanding of the mechanism of generalisation could maximise treatment effects for an individual with acquired dysgraphia.}, language = {en} } @misc{LesinskiMuehlbauerBueschetal.2014, author = {Lesinski, Melanie and M{\"u}hlbauer, Thomas and Buesch, Dirk and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Effects of complex training on strength and speed performance in athletes: A systematic review effects of complex training on athletic performance}, series = {Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Pr{\"a}vention, Rehabilitation}, volume = {28}, journal = {Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Pr{\"a}vention, Rehabilitation}, number = {2}, publisher = {Thieme}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0932-0555}, doi = {10.1055/s-0034-1366145}, pages = {85 -- 107}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Background: Post-activation potentiation (PAP) can elicit acute performance enhancements in variables of strength, power, and speed. However, it is unresolved whether the frequent integration of PAP eliciting conditioning activities in training (i.e., complex training) results in long-term adaptations. In this regard, it is of interest to know whether complex training results in larger performance enhancements as compared to more traditional and isolated training regimens (e. g., resistance training). Thus, this systematic literature review summarises the current state of the art regarding the effects of complex training on measures of strength, power, and speed in recreational, subelite, and elite athletes. Further, it provides information on training volume and intensities that proved to be effective. Methods: Our literature search included the electronic databases Pubmed, SportDiscus, and Web of Science (1995 to September 2013). In total, 17 studies met the inclusionary criteria for review. Ten studies examined alternating complex training and 7 studies sequenced complex training. Results: Our findings indicated small to large effects for both alternating complex training (countermovement jump height: +7.4 \% [ESd = -0.43]; squat jump height: +9.8 \% [ESd = -0.66]; sprint time: -2.4\% [ESd = 0.63]) and sequenced complex training (countermovement jump height: +6.0 \% [ESd = -0.83]; squat jump height: +11.9\% [ESd = -0.97], sprint time: -0.7\% [ESd = 0.52]) in measures of power and speed. As compared to more traditional training regimens, alternating and sequenced complex training showed only small effects in measures of strength, power, and speed. A more detailed analysis of alternating complex training revealed larger effects in countermovement jump height in recreational athletes (+9.7\% [ESd = -0.57]) as compared to subelite and elite athletes (+2.7\% [ESd = -0.15]). Based on the relevant and currently available literature, missing data (e.g., time for rest interval) and diverse information regarding training volume and intensity do not allow us to establish evidence-based dose-response relations for complex training. Conclusion: Complex training represents an effective training regimen for athletes if the goal is to enhance strength, power, and speed. Studies with high methodological quality have to be conducted in the future to elucidate whether complex training is less, similar, or even more effective compared to more traditional training regimens. Finally, it should be clarified whether alternated and/or sequenced conditioning activities implemented in complex training actually elicit acute PAP effects.}, language = {de} }