@article{ReegHeineMihanetal.2018,
  author    = {Reeg, Jette and Heine, Simon and Mihan, Christine and Preuss, Thomas G. and McGee, Sean and Jeltsch, Florian},
  title     = {Potential impact of effects on reproductive attributes induced by herbicides on a plant community},
  series = {Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry},
  volume    = {37},
  journal   = {Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0730-7268},
  doi       = {10.1002/etc.4122},
  pages     = {1707 -- 1722},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Current herbicide risk assessment guidelines for nontarget terrestrial plants require testing effects on young, vulnerable life stages (i.e., seedling emergence [and subsequent growth] and vegetative vigor [growth and dry wt]) but not directly on the reproduction of plants. However, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has proposed that effects on reproduction might be considered when evaluating the potential effects on plants. We adapted the plant community model for grassland (IBC-grass) to give insight into the current debate on the sensitivity of reproductive versus vegetative endpoints in ecological risk assessment. In an extensive sensitivity analysis of this model, we compared plant attributes potentially affected by herbicides and the consequences for long-term plant population dynamics and plant diversity. This evaluation was implemented by reducing reproductive as well as vegetative endpoints by certain percentages (e.g., 10-90\%) as a theoretical assumption. Plant mortality and seed sterility (i.e., inability of seeds to germinate) were the most sensitive attributes. Our results indicated that effects on seed production at off-field exposure rates must be very strong to have an impact on the risk assessment. Otherwise, effects on seed production are compensated for by the soil seed bank. The present study highlights the usefulness of community level modeling studies to support regulators in their decisions on the appropriate risk assessment endpoints and provides confidence in their assessments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1707-1722. (c) 2018 SETAC},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LiuSiblyGrimmetal.2013,
  author    = {Liu, Chun and Sibly, Richard M. and Grimm, Volker and Thorbek, Pernille},
  title     = {Linking pesticide exposure and spatial dynamics an individual-based model of wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) populations in agricultural landscapes},
  series = {Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog},
  volume    = {248},
  journal   = {Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0304-3800},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.09.016},
  pages     = {92 -- 102},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The wood mouse is a common and abundant species in agricultural landscape and is a focal species in pesticide risk assessment. Empirical studies on the ecology of the wood mouse have provided sufficient information for the species to be modelled mechanistically. An individual-based model was constructed to explicitly represent the locations and movement patterns of individual mice. This together with the schedule of pesticide application allows prediction of the risk to the population from pesticide exposure. The model included life-history traits of wood mice as well as typical landscape dynamics in agricultural farmland in the UK. The model obtains a good fit to the available population data and is fit for risk assessment purposes. It can help identify spatio-temporal situations with the largest potential risk of exposure and enables extrapolation from individual-level endpoints to population-level effects. Largest risk of exposure to pesticides was found when good crop growth in the "sink" fields coincided with high "source" population densities in the hedgerows.},
  language  = {en}
}