@article{BeenkenSaingeKocyan2016,
  author    = {Beenken, Ludwig and Sainge, Moses N. and Kocyan, Alexander},
  title     = {Lactarius megalopterus, a new angiocarpous species from a tropical rainforest in Central Africa, shows adaptations to endozoochorous spore dispersal},
  series = {Mycological progress : international journal of the German Mycological Society},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {Mycological progress : international journal of the German Mycological Society},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {1617-416X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11557-016-1198-4},
  pages     = {158 -- 173},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {A new sequestrate Lactarius species was found in a humid evergreen tropical rainforest dominated by Fabaceae of the subfamily Caesalpinioideae in Cameroon, Central Africa. It is described here as new to science and is named Lactarius megalopterus, referring to its spore ornamentation of extraordinarily high wings. Anatomical characters and molecular systematic analyses confirm its relationship to Lactarius subgenus Plinthogali. Phylogenetic analyses based on two nuclear DNA regions revealed its close relationship to Lactarius angiocarpus, which is also an angiocarpous species from Zambia in Africa. Molecular studies have shown that tuber-like, sequestrate sporocarps evolved independently in several lineages of Basidiomycota. The findings of sequestrate fungi in tropical rainforests raise questions regarding the evolutionary benefit of enclosing the spore-producing hymenium. The enclosure of spore-producing tissue has often been associated with the protection of the delicate hymenium against desiccation in arid habitats or against frost in cold habitats. However, these cannot be the selective factors in warm and humid areas like the tropics. This controversy is exemplarily studied and discussed in the family of Russulaceae, especially in the genus Lactarius. Characters shown by the angiocarpous sporocarp of the new Lactarius, such as thick-walled statismospores, an aromatic smell and mild taste, can be interpreted as adaptations to endozoochorous spore dispersal by mammals. Therefore, here we prefer the alternative hypothesis that sequestrate sporocarps are the result of adaptation to endozoochorous spore dispersal.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KanaSopGouadoAchuetal.2015,
  author    = {Kana-Sop, Marie Modestine and Gouado, Inocent and Achu, Mercy Bih and Van Camp, John and Zollo, Paul Henri Amvam and Schweigert, Florian J. and Oberleas, Donald and Ekoe, Tetanye},
  title     = {The Influence of Iron and Zinc Supplementation on the Bioavailability of Provitamin A Carotenoids from Papaya Following Consumption of a Vitamin A-Deficient Diet},
  series = {Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology},
  volume    = {61},
  journal   = {Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Univ. of Tokyo Pr.},
  address   = {Tokyo},
  issn      = {0301-4800},
  pages     = {205 -- 214},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Iron deficiency anemia, zinc and vitamin A deficiencies are serious public health problems in Cameroon, as in many developing countries. Local vegetables which are sources of provitamin A carotenoids (PACs) can be used to improve vitamin A intakes. However, traditional meals are often unable to cover zinc and iron needs. The aim of this study was to determine the bioavailability of 3 PACs (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin) in young men, who were fed with a vitamin A-free diet and received iron and zinc supplementation. Twelve healthy participants were divided into three groups and were supplemented with elemental iron (20 mg of iron fumarate), 20 mg of zinc sulfate or iron + zinc (20 mg of iron in the morning and 20 mg of zinc in the evening) for 11 d. They were given a vitamin A- and PAC-free diet from the 6th to the 11th day, followed by a test meal containing 0.55 kg of freshly peeled papaya as a source of PACs. Blood samples were collected four times successively on the 11th day (the test meal day), at TO (just after the test meal), after 2 h (T2), after 4 h (T4) and after 7 h (T7). Ultracentrifugation was used to isolate serum chylomicrons. Retinol appearance and PAC postprandial concentrations were determined. The supplementation with zinc, iron and iron+zinc influenced the chylomicron appearance of retinol and PACs differently as reflected by retention times and maximum absorption peaks. Iron led to highest retinol levels in the chylomicron. Zinc and iron+zinc supplements were best for optimal intact appearance of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin respectively. Supplementation with iron led to the greatest bioavailability of PACs from papaya and its conversion to retinol.},
  language  = {en}
}