@article{GleichSpittaButleretal.2020, author = {Gleich, Tobias and Spitta, Gianna and Butler, Oisin and Zacharias, Kristin and Aydin, Semiha and Sebold, Miriam Hannah and Garbusow, Maria and Rapp, Michael Armin and Schubert, Florian and Buchert, Ralph and Heinz, Andreas and Gallinat, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in alcohol use disorder and individuals at high risk}, series = {Addiction Biology}, volume = {26}, journal = {Addiction Biology}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1369-1600}, doi = {10.1111/adb.12915}, pages = {1 -- 10}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most common substance use disorder worldwide. Although dopamine-related findings were often observed in AUD, associated neurobiological mechanisms are still poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study, we investigate D2/3 receptor availability in healthy participants, participants at high risk (HR) to develop addiction (not diagnosed with AUD), and AUD patients in a detoxified stage, applying F-18-fallypride positron emission tomography (F-18-PET). Specifically, D2/3 receptor availability was investigated in (1) 19 low-risk (LR) controls, (2) 19 HR participants, and (3) 20 AUD patients after alcohol detoxification. Quality and severity of addiction were assessed with clinical questionnaires and (neuro)psychological tests. PET data were corrected for age of participants and smoking status. In the dorsal striatum, we observed significant reductions of D2/3 receptor availability in AUD patients compared with LR participants. Further, receptor availability in HR participants was observed to be intermediate between LR and AUD groups (linearly decreasing). Still, in direct comparison, no group difference was observed between LR and HR groups or between HR and AUD groups. Further, the score of the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS) was inversely correlated with D2/3 receptor availability in the combined sample. Thus, in line with a dimensional approach, striatal D2/3 receptor availability showed a linear decrease from LR participants to HR participants to AUD patients, which was paralleled by clinical measures. Our study shows that a core neurobiological feature in AUD seems to be detectable in an early, subclinical state, allowing more individualized alcohol prevention programs in the future.}, language = {en} } @article{SeboldSpittaGleichetal.2019, author = {Sebold, Miriam Hannah and Spitta, G. and Gleich, T. and Dembler-Stamm, T. and Butler, Oisin and Zacharias, Kristin and Aydin, S. and Garbusow, Maria and Rapp, Michael Armin and Schubert, Florian and Buchert, Ralph and Gallinat, J{\"u}rgen and Heinz, A.}, title = {Stressful life events are associated with striatal dopamine receptor availability in alcohol dependence}, series = {Journal of neural transmission}, volume = {126}, journal = {Journal of neural transmission}, number = {9}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wien}, issn = {0300-9564}, doi = {10.1007/s00702-019-01985-2}, pages = {1127 -- 1134}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Stress plays a key role in modulating addictive behavior and can cause relapse following periods of abstinence. Common effects of stress and alcohol on the dopaminergic system have been suggested, although the precise mechanisms are unclear. Here, we investigated 20 detoxified alcohol-dependent patients and 19 matched healthy controls and assessed striatal D2/D3 availability using [F-18]-fallypride positron emission tomography and stressful life events. We found a strong association between striatal D2/D3 availability and stress in patients, but not in healthy controls. Interestingly, we found increased D2/D3 receptor availability in patients with higher stress levels. This mirrors complex interactions between stress and alcohol intake in animal studies and emphasizes the importance to investigate stress exposure in neurobiological studies of addiction.}, language = {en} } @misc{HeinzVossLawrieetal.2016, author = {Heinz, A. and Voss, M. and Lawrie, S. M. and Mishara, A. and Bauer, M. and Gallinat, J{\"u}rgen and Juckel, G. and Lang, U. and Rapp, Michael Armin and Falkai, P. and Strik, W. and Krystal, J. and Abi-Dargham, A. and Galderisi, S.}, title = {Shall we really say goodbye to first rank symptoms?}, series = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists}, volume = {37}, journal = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Paris}, issn = {0924-9338}, doi = {10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.04.010}, pages = {8 -- 13}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Background: First rank symptoms (FRS) of schizophrenia have been used for decades for diagnostic purposes. In the new version of the DSM-5, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) has abolished any further reference to FRS of schizophrenia and treats them like any other "criterion A' symptom (e.g. any kind of hallucination or delusion) with regard to their diagnostic implication. The ICD-10 is currently under revision and may follow suit. In this review, we discuss central points of criticism that are directed against the continuous use of first rank symptoms (FRS) to diagnose schizophrenia.}, language = {en} } @article{LorenzGleichBecketal.2014, author = {Lorenz, Robert C. and Gleich, Tobias and Beck, Anne and Poehland, Lydia and Raufelder, Diana and Sommer, Werner and Rapp, Michael Armin and Kuehn, Simone and Gallinat, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Reward anticipation in the adolescent and aging brain}, series = {Human brain mapping : a journal devoted to functional neuroanatomy and neuroimaging}, volume = {35}, journal = {Human brain mapping : a journal devoted to functional neuroanatomy and neuroimaging}, number = {10}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1065-9471}, doi = {10.1002/hbm.22540}, pages = {5153 -- 5165}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Processing of reward is the basis of adaptive behavior of the human being. Neural correlates of reward processing seem to be influenced by developmental changes from adolescence to late adulthood. The aim of this study is to uncover these neural correlates during a slot machine gambling task across the lifespan. Therefore, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate 102 volunteers in three different age groups: 34 adolescents, 34 younger adults, and 34 older adults. We focused on the core reward areas ventral striatum (VS) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), the valence processing associated areas, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula, as well as information integration associated areas, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Results showed that VS and VMPFC were characterized by a hyperactivation in adolescents compared with younger adults. Furthermore, the ACC and insula were characterized by a U-shape pattern (hypoactivation in younger adults compared with adolescents and older adults), whereas the DLPFC and IPL were characterized by a J-shaped form (hyperactivation in older adults compared with younger groups). Furthermore, a functional connectivity analysis revealed an elevated negative functional coupling between the inhibition-related area rIFG and VS in younger adults compared with adolescents. Results indicate that lifespan-related changes during reward anticipation are characterized by different trajectories in different reward network modules and support the hypothesis of an imbalance in maturation of striatal and prefrontal cortex in adolescents. Furthermore, these results suggest compensatory age-specific effects in fronto-parietal regions. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5153-5165, 2014. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.}, language = {en} }