@misc{KirchartzMarquezStolterfohtetal.2020,
  author    = {Kirchartz, Thomas and M{\´a}rquez, Jos{\´e} A. and Stolterfoht, Martin and Unold, Thomas},
  title     = {Photoluminescence-based characterization of halide perovskites for photovoltaics},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {26},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-51970},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-519702},
  pages     = {23},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely applied characterization technique for semiconductor materials in general and halide perovskite solar cell materials in particular. It can give direct information on the recombination kinetics and processes as well as the internal electrochemical potential of free charge carriers in single semiconductor layers, layer stacks with transport layers, and complete solar cells. The correct evaluation and interpretation of photoluminescence requires the consideration of proper excitation conditions, calibration and application of the appropriate approximations to the rather complex theory, which includes radiative recombination, non-radiative recombination, interface recombination, charge transfer, and photon recycling. In this article, an overview is given of the theory and application to specific halide perovskite compositions, illustrating the variables that should be considered when applying photoluminescence analysis in these materials.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KirchartzMarquezStolterfohtetal.2020,
  author    = {Kirchartz, Thomas and M{\´a}rquez, Jos{\´e} A. and Stolterfoht, Martin and Unold, Thomas},
  title     = {Photoluminescence-based characterization of halide perovskites for photovoltaics},
  series = {Advanced Energy Materials},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Advanced Energy Materials},
  number    = {26},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1614-6832},
  doi       = {10.1002/aenm.201904134},
  pages     = {1 -- 21},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely applied characterization technique for semiconductor materials in general and halide perovskite solar cell materials in particular. It can give direct information on the recombination kinetics and processes as well as the internal electrochemical potential of free charge carriers in single semiconductor layers, layer stacks with transport layers, and complete solar cells. The correct evaluation and interpretation of photoluminescence requires the consideration of proper excitation conditions, calibration and application of the appropriate approximations to the rather complex theory, which includes radiative recombination, non-radiative recombination, interface recombination, charge transfer, and photon recycling. In this article, an overview is given of the theory and application to specific halide perovskite compositions, illustrating the variables that should be considered when applying photoluminescence analysis in these materials.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KegelmannTockhornWolffetal.2019,
  author    = {Kegelmann, Lukas and Tockhorn, Philipp and Wolff, Christian Michael and M{\´a}rquez, Jos{\´e} A. and Caicedo D{\´a}vila, Sebasti{\´a}n and Korte, Lars and Unold, Thomas and Loevenich, Wilfried and Neher, Dieter and Rech, Bernd and Albrecht, Steve},
  title     = {Mixtures of Dopant-Free Spiro-OMeTAD and Water-Free PEDOT as a Passivating Hole Contact in Perovskite Solar Cells},
  series = {ACS applied materials \& interfaces},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {ACS applied materials \& interfaces},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {American Chemical Society},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {1944-8244},
  doi       = {10.1021/acsami.9b01332},
  pages     = {9172 -- 9181},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Doped spiro-OMeTAD at present is the most commonly used hole transport material (HTM) in n-i-p-type perovskite solar cells, enabling high efficiencies around 22\%. However, the required dopants were shown to induce nonradiative recombination of charge carriers and foster degradation of the solar cell. Here, in a novel approach, highly conductive and inexpensive water-free poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is used to replace these dopants. The resulting spiro-OMeTAD/PEDOT (SpiDOT) mixed films achieve higher lateral conductivities than layers of doped spiro-OMeTAD. Furthermore, combined transient and steady-state photoluminescence studies reveal a passivating effect of PEDOT, suppressing nonradiative recombination losses at the perovskite/HTM interface. This enables excellent quasi-Fermi level splitting values of up to 1.24 eV in perovskite/SpiDOT layer stacks and high open-circuit voltages (V-OC) up to 1.19 V in complete solar cells. Increasing the amount of dopant-free spiro-OMeTAD in SpiDOT layers is shown to enhance hole extraction and thereby improves the fill factor in solar cells. As a consequence, stabilized efficiencies up to 18.7\% are realized, exceeding cells with doped spiro-OMeTAD as a HTM in this study. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, these results mark the lowest nonradiative recombination loss in the V-OC (140 mV with respect to the Shockley-Queisser limit) and highest efficiency reported so far for perovskite solar cells using PEDOT as a HTM.},
  language  = {en}
}