@misc{Paun2007, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Paun, Christopher}, title = {Democratization and police reform}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19487}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2007}, abstract = {This paper compares police reforms during democratization in Poland, Hungary, and Bosnia-Herzegovina. It analyses the changes to the structure of the democratic control of the police in each reform, paying special attention to the decentralization versus centralization aspect of it. The research question of this paper is: Why are some states decentralizing the democratic control of the police, while others are centralizing it, both with the aim of democratization? The theoretical background of this study are theories about policy diffusion and policy transfer. Therefore this study can be categorized as part of two different research areas. On the one hand, it is a paper from the discipline of International Relations. On the other hand, it is a paper from the discipline of Comparative Politics. The combined attention to international and national factors influencing police reform is reflected by the structure of this paper. Chapter 3 examines police structures and police reforms in established democracies as possible role models for new democracies. Chapter 4 looks at international and transnational actors that actively try to influence police reform. After having examined these external factors, three cases of police reform in new democracies are examined in chapter 5.}, language = {en} } @book{Gamsachurdia2007, author = {Gamsachurdia, Giwi}, title = {Steuerverteilung und Finanzausgleich}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18784}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2007}, abstract = {This paper analyzes fundamental shortcomings in the Georgian legal bases in both the constitution and the tax code with regard to a sustainable fiscal policy. It shows that the lack of experience with sharing political powers and competences among the administrative levels create centralizing tendencies, which are in sharp contrast to more recent laws on local selfgovernment. Having set the legal background of today's administrative structure in Georgia, the paper continues to describe the country's budget composition in terms of tax revenues and expenses since the year 2000. Following a brief discussion of the Georgian systems of transfers to subordinate administrative entities the paper concludes by naming essential reform steps that need to be taken towards the development of a functioning fiscal policy on all levels.}, language = {de} } @book{Ehrke2007, author = {Ehrke, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Zentralisieren durch Dezentralisierung? : Die Reform der Kommunalfinanzen in Georgien}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18515}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Under the influence of orientation towards European integration, Georgia has introduced a variety of new laws with the apparent aim to decentralize legislative and executive powers. This paper shows that the Georgian efforts of decentralization remain superficial, mainly because they are not backed by additional fiscal competences at the municipality level. Following an initial description of the pre-reform situation as of 2006 and based upon a detailed account of the structural changes since 2007, the author gives insight into the conflicts which arise from the lack of institutional congruency. Neither the extraordinary status of the capital Tbilisi nor the seeming autonomy of the Rebublic of Adjara are likely to sway the renegade territories of Abchasia and Ossetia towards a reintegration under Georgian centralized rule as it continues to exist today. Likewise, the success of the proposed and discussed fiscal equalization scheme depends on whether the President and his ruling party are willing to delegate powers to the subodinate jurisdictions.}, language = {de} }