@article{WojcikBrinkmannZduneketal.2020, author = {Wojcik, Michal and Brinkmann, Pia and Zdunek, Rafał and Riebe, Daniel and Beitz, Toralf and Merk, Sven and Cieslik, Katarzyna and Mory, David and Antonczak, Arkadiusz}, title = {Classification of copper minerals by handheld laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and nonnegative tensor factorisation}, series = {Sensors}, volume = {20}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {18}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1424-8220}, doi = {10.3390/s20185152}, pages = {17}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysers are becoming increasingly common for material classification purposes. However, to achieve good classification accuracy, mostly noncompact units are used based on their stability and reproducibility. In addition, computational algorithms that require significant hardware resources are commonly applied. For performing measurement campaigns in hard-to-access environments, such as mining sites, there is a need for compact, portable, or even handheld devices capable of reaching high measurement accuracy. The optics and hardware of small (i.e., handheld) devices are limited by space and power consumption and require a compromise of the achievable spectral quality. As long as the size of such a device is a major constraint, the software is the primary field for improvement. In this study, we propose a novel combination of handheld LIBS with non-negative tensor factorisation to investigate its classification capabilities of copper minerals. The proposed approach is based on the extraction of source spectra for each mineral (with the use of tensor methods) and their labelling based on the percentage contribution within the dataset. These latent spectra are then used in a regression model for validation purposes. The application of such an approach leads to an increase in the classification score by approximately 5\% compared to that obtained using commonly used classifiers such as support vector machines, linear discriminant analysis, and the k-nearest neighbours algorithm.}, language = {en} } @article{RawelHuschekSaguTchewonpietal.2019, author = {Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal and Huschek, Gerd and Sagu Tchewonpi, Sorel and Homann, Thomas}, title = {Cocoa Bean Proteins}, series = {Nutrients}, volume = {11}, journal = {Nutrients}, number = {2}, publisher = {Molecular Diversity Preservation International}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2072-6643}, doi = {10.3390/nu11020428}, pages = {20}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The protein fractions of cocoa have been implicated influencing both the bioactive potential and sensory properties of cocoa and cocoa products. The objective of the present review is to show the impact of different stages of cultivation and processing with regard to the changes induced in the protein fractions. Special focus has been laid on the major seed storage proteins throughout the different stages of processing. The study starts with classical introduction of the extraction and the characterization methods used, while addressing classification approaches of cocoa proteins evolved during the timeline. The changes in protein composition during ripening and maturation of cocoa seeds, together with the possible modifications during the post-harvest processing (fermentation, drying, and roasting), have been documented. Finally, the bioactive potential arising directly or indirectly from cocoa proteins has been elucidated. The "state of the art" suggests that exploration of other potentially bioactive components in cocoa needs to be undertaken, while considering the complexity of reaction products occurring during the roasting phase of the post-harvest processing. Finally, the utilization of partially processed cocoa beans (e.g., fermented, conciliatory thermal treatment) can be recommended, providing a large reservoir of bioactive potentials arising from the protein components that could be instrumented in functionalizing foods.}, language = {en} } @article{GardinerKocyanMotesetal.2013, author = {Gardiner, Lauren M. and Kocyan, Alexander and Motes, Martin and Roberts, David L. and Emerson, Brent C.}, title = {Molecular phylogenetics of Vanda and related genera (Orchidaceae)}, series = {Botanical journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {173}, journal = {Botanical journal of the Linnean Society}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0024-4074}, doi = {10.1111/boj.12102}, pages = {549 -- 572}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The genus Vanda and its affiliated taxa are a diverse group of horticulturally important species of orchids occurring mainly in South-East Asia, for which generic limits are poorly defined. Here, we present a molecular study using sequence data from three plastid DNA regions. It is shown that Vanda s.l. forms a clade containing approximately 73 species, including the previously accepted genera Ascocentrum, Euanthe, Christensonia, Neofinetia and Trudelia, and the species Aerides flabellata. Resolution of the phylogenetic relationships of species in Vanda s.l. is relatively poor, but existing morphological classifications for Vanda are incongruent with the results produced. Some novel species relationships are revealed, and a new morphological sectional classification is proposed based on support for these groupings and corresponding morphological characters shared by taxa and their geographical distributions. The putative occurrence of multiple pollination syndromes in this group of taxa, combined with complex biogeographical history of the South-East Asian region, is discussed in the context of these results.(c) 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 173, 549-572.}, language = {en} } @article{AgarwalMarwanMaheswaranetal.2020, author = {Agarwal, Ankit and Marwan, Norbert and Maheswaran, Rathinasamy and {\"O}zt{\"u}rk, Ugur and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen and Merz, Bruno}, title = {Optimal design of hydrometric station networks based on complex network analysis}, series = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences}, volume = {24}, journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences}, number = {5}, publisher = {Copernicus Publ.}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1027-5606}, doi = {10.5194/hess-24-2235-2020}, pages = {2235 -- 2251}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Hydrometric networks play a vital role in providing information for decision-making in water resource management. They should be set up optimally to provide as much information as possible that is as accurate as possible and, at the same time, be cost-effective. Although the design of hydrometric networks is a well-identified problem in hydrometeorology and has received considerable attention, there is still scope for further advancement. In this study, we use complex network analysis, defined as a collection of nodes interconnected by links, to propose a new measure that identifies critical nodes of station networks. The approach can support the design and redesign of hydrometric station networks. The science of complex networks is a relatively young field and has gained significant momentum over the last few years in different areas such as brain networks, social networks, technological networks, or climate networks. The identification of influential nodes in complex networks is an important field of research. We propose a new node-ranking measure - the weighted degree-betweenness (WDB) measure - to evaluate the importance of nodes in a network. It is compared to previously proposed measures used on synthetic sample networks and then applied to a real-world rain gauge network comprising 1229 stations across Germany to demonstrate its applicability. The proposed measure is evaluated using the decline rate of the network efficiency and the kriging error. The results suggest that WDB effectively quantifies the importance of rain gauges, although the benefits of the method need to be investigated in more detail.}, language = {en} }