@article{MoraGaonaKleyetal.2009,
  author    = {Mora, Andr{\´e}s and Gaona, Tatiana and Kley, Jonas and Montoya, Diana and Parra, Mauricio and Quiroz, Luis Ignacio and Reyes, German and Strecker, Manfred},
  title     = {The role of inherited extensional fault segmentation and linkage in contractional orogenesis : a reconstruction of Lower Cretaceous inverted rift basins in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia},
  issn      = {0950-091X},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1365-2117.2008.00367.x},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Lower Cretaceous early syn-rift facies along the eastern flank of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, their provenance, and structural context, reveal the complex interactions between Cretaceous extension, spatio-temporal trends in associated sedimentation, and subsequent inversion of the Cretaceous Guatiquia paleo-rift. South of 4 degrees 30'N lat, early syn-rift alluvial sequences in former extensional footwall areas were contemporaneous with fan- delta deposits in shallow marine environments in adjacent hanging-wall areas. In general, footwall erosion was more pronounced in the southern part of the paleorift. In contrast, early syn-rift sequences in former footwall areas in the northern rift sectors mainly comprise shallow marine supratidal sabkha to intertidal strata, whereas hanging-wall units display rapid transitions to open-sea shales. In comparison with the southern paleo-rift sector, fan-delta deposits in the north are scarce, and provenance suggests negligible footwall erosion. The southern graben segment had longer, and less numerous normal faults, whereas the northern graben segment was characterized by shorter, rectilinear faults. To the east, the graben system was bounded by major basin-margin faults with protracted activity and greater throw as compared with intrabasinal faults to the west. Intrabasinal structures grew through segment linkage and probably interacted kinematically with basin-margin faults. Basin-margin faults constitute a coherent fault system that was conditioned by pre-existing basement fabrics. Structural mapping, analysis of present-day topography, and balanced cross sections indicate that positive inversion of extensional structures was focused along basin-bounding faults, whereas intrabasinal faults remained unaffected and were passively transported by motion along the basin-bounding faults. Thus, zones of maximum subsidence in extension accommodated maximum elevation in contraction, and former topographic highs remained as elevated areas. This documents the role of basin-bounding faults as multiphased, long-lived features conditioned by basement discontinuities. Inversion of basin-bounding faults was more efficient in the southern than in the northern graben segment, possibly documenting the inheritance and pivotal role of fault-displacement gradients. Our observations highlight similarities between inversion features in orogenic belts and intra-plate basins, emphasizing the importance of the observed phenomena as predictive tools in the spatiotemporal analysis of inversion histories in orogens, as well as in hydrocarbon and mineral deposits exploration.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{UbaKleyStreckeretal.2009,
  author    = {Uba, Cornelius Eji and Kley, Jonas and Strecker, Manfred and Schmitt, Axel K.},
  title     = {Unsteady evolution of the Bolivian Subandean thrust belt : the role of enhanced erosion and clastic wedge progradation},
  issn      = {0012-821X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.epsl.2009.02.010},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {The Subandean fold and thrust belt of Bolivia constitutes the easternmost part of the Andean orogen that reflects thin-skinned shortening and eastward propagation of the Andean deformation front. The exact interplay of tectonics, climate, and erosion in the deposition of up to 7.5 km of late Cenozoic strata exposed in the Subandes remains unclear. To better constrain these relationships, we use four W-E industry seismic reflection profiles, eight new zircon U-Pb ages from Mio-Pliocene sedimentary strata, and cross-section balancing to evaluate the rates of thrust propagation, shortening, and deposition pinch-out migration. Eastward thrusting arrived in the Subandean belt at similar to 12.4 +/- 0.5 Ma and propagated rapidly toward the foreland unit approximately 6 Ma. This was followed by out-of- sequence deformation from ca. 4 to 2.1 Ma and by renewed eastward propagation thereafter. Our results show that the thrust-front propagation- and deposition pinch-out migration rates mimic the sediment accumulation rate. The rates of deposition pinchout migration and thrust propagation increased three- and two fold, respectively (8 mm/a; 3.3 mm/a) at 86 Ma. The three-fold increase in deposition pinch-out migration rate at this time is an indication of enhanced erosional efficiency in the hinterland, probably coupled with flexural rebound of the basin. Following the pulse of pinch-out migration, the Subandean belt witnessed rapid similar to 80 km eastward propagation of thrusting to the La Vertiente structure at 6 Ma. As there is no evidence for this event of thrust front migration being linked to an increase in shortening rate, the enhanced frontal accretion suggests a shift to supercritical wedge taper conditions. We propose that the supercritical state was due to a drop in basal strength, caused by sediment loading and pore fluid overpressure. This scenario implies that climate-controlled variation in erosional efficiency was the driver of late Miocene mass redistribution, which induced flexural rebound of the Subandean thrust belt, spreading of a large clastic wedge across the basin, and subsequent thrust-front propagation.},
  language  = {en}
}