@phdthesis{Ba2006,
  author    = {Ba, Jianhua},
  title     = {Nonaqueous synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles and their assembly into mesoporous materials},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10173},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {This thesis mainly consist of two parts, the synthesis of several kinds of technologically interesting crystalline metal oxide nanoparticles via nonaqueous sol-gel process and the formation of mesoporous metal oxides using some of these nanoparticles as building blocks via evaporation induced self-assembly (EISA) technique. In the first part, the experimental procedures and characterization results of successful syntheses of crystalline tin oxide and tin doped indium oxide (ITO) nanoparticles are reported. SnO2 nanoparticles exhibit monodisperse particle size (3.5 nm in average), high crystallinity and particularly high dispersibility in THF, which enable them to become the ideal particulate precursor for the formation of mesoporous SnO2. ITO nanoparticles possess uniform particle morphology, narrow particle size distribution (5-10 nm), high crystallinity as well as high electrical conductivity. The synthesis approaches and characterization of various mesoporous metal oxides, including TiO2, SnO2, mixture of CeO2 and TiO2, mixture of BaTiO3 and SnO2, are reported in the second part of this thesis. Mesoporous TiO2 and SnO2 are presented as highlights of this part. Mesoporous TiO2 was produced in the forms of both films and bulk material. In the case of mesoporous SnO2, the study was focused on the high order of the porous structure. All these mesoporous metal oxides show high crystallinity, high surface area and rather monodisperse pore sizes, which demonstrate the validity of EISA process and the usage of preformed crystalline nanoparticles as nanobuilding blocks (NBBs) to produce mesoporous metal oxides.},
  subject      = {Nanopartikel},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Bomm2012,
  author    = {Bomm, Jana},
  title     = {Von Gold Plasmonen und Exzitonen : Synthese, Charakterisierung und Applikationen von Gold Nanopartikeln},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-66402},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {In dieser Arbeit wurden sph{\"a}rische Gold Nanopartikel (NP) mit einem Durchmesser gr{\"o}ßer ~ 2 nm, Gold Quantenpunkte (QDs) mit einem Durchmesser kleiner ~ 2 nm sowie Gold Nanost{\"a}bchen (NRs) unterschiedlicher L{\"a}nge hergestellt und optisch charakterisiert. Zudem wurden zwei neue Synthesevarianten f{\"u}r die Herstellung thermosensitiver Gold QDs entwickelt werden. Sph{\"a}rische Gold NP zeigen eine Plasmonenbande bei ~ 520 nm, die auf die kollektive Oszillation von Elektronen zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren ist. Gold NRs weisen aufgrund ihrer anisotropen Form zwei Plasmonenbanden auf, eine transversale Plasmonenbande bei ~ 520 nm und eine longitudinale Plasmonenbande, die vom L{\"a}nge-zu-Durchmesser-Verh{\"a}ltnis der Gold NRs abh{\"a}ngig ist. Gold QDs besitzen keine Plasmonenbande, da ihre Elektronen Quantenbeschr{\"a}nkungen unterliegen. Gold QDs zeigen jedoch aufgrund diskreter Energieniveaus und einer Bandl{\"u}cke Photolumineszenz (PL). Die synthetisierten Gold QDs besitzen eine Breitbandlumineszenz im Bereich von ~ 500-800 nm, wobei die Lumineszenz-eigenschaften (Emissionspeak, Quantenausbeute, Lebenszeiten) stark von den Herstellungs-bedingungen und den Oberfl{\"a}chenliganden abh{\"a}ngen. Die PL in Gold QDs ist ein sehr komplexes Ph{\"a}nomen und r{\"u}hrt vermutlich von Singulett- und Triplett-Zust{\"a}nden her. Gold NRs und Gold QDs konnten in verschiedene Polymere wie bspw. Cellulosetriacetat eingearbeitet werden. Polymernanokomposite mit Gold NRs wurden erstmals unter definierten Bedingungen mechanisch gezogen, um Filme mit optisch anisotropen (richtungsabh{\"a}ngigen) Eigenschaften zu erhalten. Zudem wurde das Temperaturverhalten von Gold NRs und Gold QDs untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine lokale Variation der Gr{\"o}ße und Form von Gold NRs in Polymernanokompositen durch Temperaturerh{\"o}hung auf 225-250 °C erzielt werden kann. Es zeigte sich, dass die PL der Gold QDs stark temperaturabh{\"a}ngig ist, wodurch die PL QY der Proben beim Abk{\"u}hlen (-7 °C) auf knapp 30 \% verdoppelt und beim Erhitzen auf 70 °C nahezu vollst{\"a}ndig gel{\"o}scht werden konnte. Es konnte demonstriert werden, dass die L{\"a}nge der Alkylkette des Oberfl{\"a}chenliganden einen Einfluss auf die Temperaturstabilit{\"a}t der Gold QDs hat. Zudem wurden verschiedene neuartige und optisch anisotrope Sicherheitslabels mit Gold NRs sowie thermosensitive Sicherheitslabel mit Gold QDs entwickelt. Ebenso scheinen Gold NRs und QDs f{\"u}r die und die Optoelektronik (bspw. Datenspeicherung) und die Medizin (bspw. Krebsdiagnostik bzw. -therapie) von großem Interesse zu sein.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Buha2008,
  author    = {Buha, Jelena},
  title     = {Nonaqueous syntheses of metal oxide and metal nitride nanoparticles},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18368},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Nanostructured materials are materials consisting of nanoparticulate building blocks on the scale of nanometers (i.e. 10-9 m). Composition, crystallinity and morphology can enhance or even induce new properties of the materials, which are desirable for todays and future technological applications. In this work, we have shown new strategies to synthesise metal oxide and metal nitride nanomaterials. The first part of the work deals with the study of nonaqueous synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles. We succeeded in the synthesis of In2O3 nanopartcles where we could clearly influence the morphology by varying the type of the precursors and the solvents; of ZnO mesocrystals by using acetonitrile as a solvent; of transition metal oxides (Nb2O5, Ta2O5 and HfO2) that are particularly hard to obtain on the nanoscale and other technologically important materials. Solvothermal synthesis however is not restricted to formation of oxide materials only. In the second part we show examples of nonaqueous, solvothermal reactions of metal nitrides, but the main focus lies on the investigation of the influence of different morphologies of metal oxide precursors on the formation of the metal nitride nanoparticles. In spite of various reports, the number and variety of nanocrystalline metal nitrides is marginally small by comparison to metal oxides; hence preformed metal oxides as precursors for the preparation of metal nitrides are a logical choice. By reacting oxide nanoparticles with cyanamide, urea or melamine, at temperatures of 800 to 900 °C under nitrogen flow metal nitrides could be obtained. We studied in detail the influence of the starting material and realized that size, crystallinity, type of nitrogen source and temperature play the most important role. We have managed to propose and verify a dissolution-recrystallisation model as the formation mechanism. Furthermore we could show that the initial morphology of the oxides could be retained when ammonia flow was used instead.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Dai2018,
  author    = {Dai, Xiaolin},
  title     = {Synthesis of artificial building blocks for sortase-mediated ligation and their enzymatic linkage},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420060},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {XIV, 125},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Das Enzym Sortase A katalysiert die Bildung einer Peptidbindung zwischen der Erkennungssequenz LPXTG und einem Oligoglycin. W{\"a}hrend vielf{\"a}ltige Ligationen zwischen Proteinen und verschiedenen Biomolek{\"u}len, Proteinen und kleinen synthetischen Molek{\"u}len, sowie Proteinen und Oberfl{\"a}chen durchgef{\"u}hrt wurden, besteht das Ziel dieser Arbeit darin, die Sortase-katalysierte Verlinkung von synthetischen Bausteinen zu untersuchen. Dies k{\"o}nnte den Weg bereiten f{\"u}r die Anwendung von Sortase A f{\"u}r chemische Aufgabenstellungen und eventuell sogar in den Materialwissenschaften. F{\"u}r diese grunds{\"a}tzliche Untersuchung wurden die verwendeten Bausteine zun{\"a}chst so einfach wie m{\"o}glich gehalten und leicht zug{\"a}ngliche SiO2 Nanopartikel und kommerziell erh{\"a}ltliche Polymerbl{\"o}cke ausgew{\"a}hlt. Die Bausteine wurden als erstes mit den Peptidsequenzen f{\"u}r Sortase-vermittelte Ligationen funktionalisiert. SiO2 Nanopartikel wurden mit Durchmessern von 60 und 200 nm hergestellt und mit C=C Doppelbindungen oberfl{\"a}chenmodifiziert. Dann wurden Peptide mit einem terminalen Cystein kovalent durch eine Thiol-en Reaktion angebunden. An die 60 nm NP wurden Peptide mit einem Pentaglycin und an die 200 nm Partikel Peptide mit LPETG Sequenz gebunden. Auf die gleiche Art und Weise wurden Peptide mit terminalem Cystein an die Polymere Polyethylenglykol (PEG) und Poly(N Isopropylacrylamid) (PNIPAM), die beide {\"u}ber C=C Endgruppen verf{\"u}gen, gebunden und G5-PEG und PNIPAM-LPETG Konjugate erhalten. Mit den vier Bausteinen wurden nun durch Sortase-vermittelte Ligation NP-Polymer Hybride, NP-NP und Polymer-Polymer Strukturen hergestellt und die Produkte u. a. durch Transmissionselektronen-mikroskopie, MALDI-ToF Massenspektrometrie sowie Dynamische Lichtstreuung charakterisiert. Die Verlinkung dieser synthetischen Bausteine konnte eindeutig gezeigt werden. Das Verwenden von kommerziell erh{\"a}ltlichen Polymeren hat jedoch zu einem Gemisch der Polymer-Peptid Konjugate mit unmodifiziertem Polymer gef{\"u}hrt, welches nicht gereinigt werden konnte. Deswegen wurden anschließend Synthesestrategien f{\"u}r reine Peptid-Polymer und Polymer-Peptid Konjugate als Bausteine f{\"u}r Sortase-vermittelte Ligationen entwickelt. Diese basieren auf der RAFT Polymerisation mit CTAs, die entweder an N- oder C-Terminus eines Peptids gebunden sind. GG-PNIPAM wurde durch das Anbinden eines geeigneten RAFT CTAs an Fmoc-GG in einer Veresterungsreaktion, Polymerisation von NIPAM und Abspalten der Fmoc Schutzgruppe synthetisiert. Weiterhin wurden mehrere Peptide durch Festphasen-Peptidsynthese erhalten. Die Anbindung eines RAFT CTAs (oder eines Polymerisationsinitiators) an den N-Terminus eines Peptids kann automatisiert als letzter Schritt in einem Peptid-Synthetisierer erfolgen. Die Synthese eines solchen Konjugats konnte in dem Zeithorizont dieser Arbeit noch nicht erreicht werden. Jedoch existieren mehrere vielversprechende Strategien, um diesen Ansatz mit verschiedenen Kopplungsreagenzien zur Anbindung des CTAs fortzusetzen. Solche Polymer Bausteine k{\"o}nnen in Zukunft f{\"u}r die Synthese von Protein-Polymer Konjugaten durch Sortase-Katalyse verwendet werden. Außerdem kann der Ansatz auch f{\"u}r die Synthese von Block-Copolymeren aus Polymerbl{\"o}cken mit Peptidmotiven an beiden Enden ausgebaut werden. Auch wenn bei der grunds{\"a}tzlichen Untersuchung im Rahmen dieser Arbeit Hybridstrukturen hergestellt wurden, die auch durch traditionelle chemische Synthesen erhalten werden k{\"o}nnten, wird ein Bausatz solcher Bausteine in Zukunft die Synthese neuer Materialien erm{\"o}glichen und kann auch den Weg f{\"u}r die Anwendung von Enzymen in den Materialwissenschaften ebnen. In Erg{\"a}nzung zu Nanopartikeln und Block-Copolymeren k{\"o}nnen dann auch Hybridmaterialien unter Einbezug von Protein-basierten Bausteinen hergestellt werden. Daher k{\"o}nnten Sortase Enzyme zu einem Werkzeug werden, welches etablierte chemische Verlinkungstechniken erg{\"a}nzt und mit den hoch spezifischen Peptidmotiven {\"u}ber funktionale Einheiten verf{\"u}gt, die orthogonal zu allen chemischen Gruppen sind.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DaiMateGlebeetal.2018,
  author    = {Dai, Xiaolin and Mate, Diana M. and Glebe, Ulrich and Garakani, Tayebeh Mirzaei and K{\"o}rner, Andrea and Schwaneberg, Ulrich and B{\"o}ker, Alexander},
  title     = {Sortase-mediated ligation of purely artificial building blocks},
  series = {Polymers},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Polymers},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2073-4360},
  doi       = {10.3390/polym10020151},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Sortase A (SrtA) from Staphylococcus aureus has been often used for ligating a protein with other natural or synthetic compounds in recent years. Here we show that SrtA-mediated ligation (SML) is universally applicable for the linkage of two purely artificial building blocks. Silica nanoparticles (NPs), poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) are chosen as synthetic building blocks. As a proof of concept, NP-polymer, NP-NP, and polymer-polymer structures are formed by SrtA catalysis. Therefore, the building blocks are equipped with the recognition sequence needed for SrtA reaction-the conserved peptide LPETG-and a pentaglycine motif. The successful formation of the reaction products is shown by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF MS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The sortase catalyzed linkage of artificial building blocks sets the stage for the development of a new approach to link synthetic structures in cases where their synthesis by established chemical methods is complicated.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DraudeGallaPelsteretal.2013,
  author    = {Draude, F. and Galla, S. and Pelster, Axel and Tentschert, J. and Jungnickel, H. and Haase, Alfred and Mantion, Alexandre and Thuenemann, Andreas F. and Taubert, Andreas and Luch, A. and Arlinghaus, H. F.},
  title     = {ToF-SIMS and Laser-SNMS analysis of macrophages after exposure to silver nanoparticles},
  series = {Surface and interface analysis : an international journal devoted to the development and application of techniques for the analysis surfaces, interfaces and thin films},
  volume    = {45},
  journal   = {Surface and interface analysis : an international journal devoted to the development and application of techniques for the analysis surfaces, interfaces and thin films},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0142-2421},
  doi       = {10.1002/sia.4902},
  pages     = {286 -- 289},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) are among the most commercialized nanoparticles because of their antibacterial effects. Besides being employed, e. g. as a coatingmaterial for sterile surfaces in household articles and appliances, the particles are also used in a broad range of medical applications. Their antibacterial properties make SNPs especially useful for wound disinfection or as a coating material for prostheses and surgical instruments. Because of their optical characteristics, the particles are of increasing interest in biodetection as well. Despite the widespread use of SNPs, there is little knowledge of their toxicity. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and laser post-ionization secondary neutral mass spectrometry (Laser-SNMS) were used to investigate the effects of SNPs on human macrophages derived from THP-1 cells in vitro. For this purpose, macrophages were exposed to SNPs. The SNP concentration ranges were chosen with regard to functional impairments of the macrophages. To optimize the analysis of the macrophages, a special silicon wafer sandwich preparation technique was employed; ToF-SIMS was employed to characterize fragments originating from macrophage cell membranes. With the use of this optimized sample preparation method, the SNP-exposed macrophages were analyzed with ToF-SIMS and with Laser-SNMS. With Laser-SNMS, the three-dimensional distribution of SNPs in cells could be readily detected with very high efficiency, sensitivity, and submicron lateral resolution. We found an accumulation of SNPs directly beneath the cell membrane in a nanoparticular state as well as agglomerations of SNPs inside the cells.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{FortesMartin2023,
  author    = {Fortes Mart{\´i}n, Rebeca},
  title     = {Water-in-oil microemulsions as soft-templates to mediate nanoparticle interfacial assembly into hybrid nanostructures},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-57180},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-571801},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {119},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Hybrid nanomaterials offer the combination of individual properties of different types of nanoparticles. Some strategies for the development of new nanostructures in larger scale rely on the self-assembly of nanoparticles as a bottom-up approach. The use of templates provides ordered assemblies in defined patterns. In a typical soft-template, nanoparticles and other surface-active agents are incorporated into non-miscible liquids. The resulting self-organized dispersions will mediate nanoparticle interactions to control the subsequent self-assembly. Especially interactions between nanoparticles of very different dispersibility and functionality can be directed at a liquid-liquid interface. In this project, water-in-oil microemulsions were formulated from quasi-ternary mixtures with Aerosol-OT as surfactant. Oleyl-capped superparamagnetic iron oxide and/or silver nanoparticles were incorporated in the continuous organic phase, while polyethyleneimine-stabilized gold nanoparticles were confined in the dispersed water droplets. Each type of nanoparticle can modulate the surfactant film and the inter-droplet interactions in diverse ways, and their combination causes synergistic effects. Interfacial assemblies of nanoparticles resulted after phase-separation. On one hand, from a biphasic Winsor type II system at low surfactant concentration, drop-casting of the upper phase afforded thin films of ordered nanoparticles in filament-like networks. Detailed characterization proved that this templated assembly over a surface is based on the controlled clustering of nanoparticles and the elongation of the microemulsion droplets. This process offers versatility to use different nanoparticle compositions by keeping the surface functionalization, in different solvents and over different surfaces. On the other hand, a magnetic heterocoagulate was formed at higher surfactant concentration, whose phase-transfer from oleic acid to water was possible with another auxiliary surfactant in ethanol-water mixture. When the original components were initially mixed under heating, defined oil-in-water, magnetic-responsive nanostructures were obtained, consisting on water-dispersible nanoparticle domains embedded by a matrix-shell of oil-dispersible nanoparticles. Herein, two different approaches were demonstrated to form diverse hybrid nanostructures from reverse microemulsions as self-organized dispersions of the same components. This shows that microemulsions are versatile soft-templates not only for the synthesis of nanoparticles, but also for their self-assembly, which suggest new approaches towards the production of new sophisticated nanomaterials in larger scale.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GuRisseLuetal.2019,
  author    = {Gu, Sasa and Risse, Sebastian and Lu, Yan and Ballauff, Matthias},
  title     = {Mechanism of the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine catalyzed by peroxidase-like Pt nanoparticles immobilized in spherical polyelectrolyte brushes},
  series = {ChemPhysChem},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {ChemPhysChem},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1439-4235},
  doi       = {10.1002/cphc.201901087},
  pages     = {450 -- 458},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Experimental and kinetic modelling studies are presented to investigate the mechanism of 3,3 ',5,5 '-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) catalyzed by peroxidase-like Pt nanoparticles immobilized in spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPB-Pt). Due to the high stability of SPB-Pt colloidal, this reaction can be monitored precisely in situ by UV/VIS spectroscopy. The time-dependent concentration of the blue-colored oxidation product of TMB expressed by different kinetic models was used to simulate the experimental data by a genetic fitting algorithm. After falsifying the models with abundant experimental data, it is found that both H2O2 and TMB adsorb on the surface of Pt nanoparticles to react, indicating that the reaction follows the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. A true rate constant k, characterizing the rate-determining step of the reaction and which is independent on the amount of catalysts used, is obtained for the first time. Furthermore, it is found that the product adsorbes strongly on the surface of nanoparticles, thus inhibiting the reaction. The entire analysis provides a new perspective to study the catalytic mechanism and evaluate the catalytic activity of the peroxidase-like nanoparticles.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Haase2011,
  author    = {Haase, Martin F.},
  title     = {Modification of nanoparticle surfaces for emulsion stabilization and encapsulation of active molecules for anti-corrosive coatings},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-55413},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Within this work, three physicochemical methods for the hydrophobization of initially hydrophilic solid particles are investigated. The modified particles are then used for the stabilization of oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions. For all introduced methods electrostatic interactions between strongly or weakly charged groups in the system are es-sential. (i) Short chain alkylammonium bromides (C4 - C12) adsorb on oppositely charged solid particles. Macroscopic contact angle measurements of water droplets under air and hexane on flat silica surfaces in dependency of the surface charge density and alkylchain-length allow the calculation of the surface energy and give insights into the emulsification properties of solid particles modified with alkyltrimethylammonium bromides. The measure-ments show an increase of the contact angle with increasing surface charge density, due to the enhanced adsorp-tion of the oppositely charged alkylammonium bromides. Contact angles are higher for longer alkylchain lengths. The surface energy calculations show that in particular the surface-hexane or surface-air interfacial en-ergy is being lowered upon alkylammonium adsorption, while a significant increase of the surface-water interfa-cial energy occurs only at long alkyl chain lengths and high surface charge densities. (ii) The thickness and the charge density of an adsorbed weak polyelectrolyte layer (e.g. PMAA, PAH) influence the wettability of nanoparticles (e.g. alumina, silica, see Scheme 1(b)). Furthermore, the isoelectric point and the pH range of colloidal stability of particle-polyelectrolyte composites depend on the thickness of the weak polye-lectrolyte layer. Silica nanoparticles with adsorbed PAH and alumina nanoparticles with adsorbed PMAA be-come interfacially active and thus able to stabilize o/w emulsions when the degree of dissociation of the polye-lectrolyte layer is below 80 \%. The average droplet size after emulsification of dodecane in water depends on the thickness and the degree of dissociation of the adsorbed PE-layer. The visualization of the particle-stabilized o/w emulsions by cryogenic SEM shows that for colloidally stable alumina-PMAA composites the oil-water interface is covered with a closely packed monolayer of particles, while for the colloidally unstable case closely packed aggregated particles deposit on the interface. (iii) By emulsifying a mixture of the corrosion inhibitor 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) and styrene with silica nanoparticles a highly stable o/w emulsion can be obtained in a narrow pH window. The amphoteric character of 8-HQ enables a pH dependent electrostatic interaction with silica nanoparticles, which can render them interfa-cially active. Depending on the concentration and the degree of dissociation of 8-HQ the adsorption onto silica results from electrostatic or aromatic interactions between 8-HQ and the particle-surface. At intermediate amounts of adsorbed 8-HQ the oil wettability of the particles becomes sufficient for stabilizing o/w emulsions. Cryogenic SEM visualization shows that the particles arrange then in a closely packed shell consisting of partly of aggregated domains on the droplet interface. For further increasing amounts of adsorbed 8-HQ the oil wet-tability is reduced again and the particles ability to stabilize emulsions decreases. By the addition of hexadecane to the oil phase the size of the droplets can be reduced down to 200 nm by in-creasing the silica mass fraction. Subsequent polymerization produces corrosion inhibitor filled (20 wt-\%) poly-styrene-silica composite particles. The measurement of the release of 8-hydroxyquinoline shows a rapid increase of 8-hydroxyquinoline in a stirred aqueous solution indicating the release of the total content in less than 5 min-utes. The method is extended for the encapsulation of other organic corrosion inhibitors. The silica-polymer-inhibitor composite particles are then dispersed in a water based alkyd emulsion, and the dispersion is used to coat flat aluminium substrates. After drying and cross-linking the polmer-film Confocal Laser Scanning Micros-copy is employed revealing a homogeneous distribution of the particles in the film. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in aqueous electrolyte solutions shows that films with aggregated particle domains degrade with time and don't provide long-term corrosion protection of the substrate. However, films with highly dispersed particles have high barrier properties for corrosive species. The comparison of films containing silica-polystyrene composite particles with and without 8-hydroxyquinoline shows higher electrochemical impedances when the inhibitor is present in the film. By applying the Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique the localized corrosion rate in the fractured area of scratched polymer films containing the silica-polymer-inhibitor composite particles is studied. Electrochemical corrosion cannot be suppressed but the rate is lowered when inhibitor filled composite particles are present in the film. By depositing six polyelectrolyte layers on particle stabilized emulsion droplets their surface morphology changes significantly as shown by SEM visualization. When the oil wettability of the outer polyelectrolyte layer increases, the polyelectrolyte coated droplets can act as emulsion stabilizers themselves by attaching onto bigger oil droplets in a closely packed arrangement. In the presence of 3 mM LaCl3 8-HQ hydrophobized silica particles aggregate strongly on the oil-water inter-face. The application of an ultrasonic field can remove two dimensional shell-compartments from the droplet surface, which are then found in the aqueous bulk phase. Their size ranges up to 1/4th of the spherical particle shell.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HassReich2011,
  author    = {Hass, Roland and Reich, Oliver},
  title     = {Photon density wave spectroscopy for dilution-free sizing of highly concentrated nanoparticles during starved-feed polymerization},
  series = {ChemPhysChem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {ChemPhysChem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry},
  number    = {14},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Malden},
  issn      = {1439-4235},
  doi       = {10.1002/cphc.201100323},
  pages     = {2572 -- 2575},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}