@phdthesis{Behrendt2018,
  author    = {Behrendt, Felix Nicolas},
  title     = {New bio-based polymers},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-418316},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {vii, 153},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Redox-responsive polymers, such as poly(disulfide)s, are a versatile class of polymers with potential applications including gene- and drug-carrier systems. Their degradability under reductive conditions allows for a controlled response to the different redox states that are present throughout the body. Poly(disulfide)s are typically synthesized by step growth polymerizations. Step growth polymerizations, however, may suffer from low conversions and therefore low molar masses, limiting potential applications. The purpose of this thesis was therefore to find and investigate new synthetic routes towards the synthesis of amino acid-based poly(disulfide)s. The different routes in this thesis include entropy-driven ring opening polymerizations of novel macrocyclic monomers, derived from cystine derivatives. These monomers were obtained with overall yields of up to 77\% and were analyzed by mass spectrometry as well as by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The kinetics of the entropy-driven ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ED-ROMP) were thoroughly investigated in dependence of temperature, monomer concentration, and catalyst concentration. The polymerization was optimized to yield poly(disulfide)s with weight average molar masses of up to 80 kDa and conversions of ~80\%, at the thermodynamic equilibrium. Additionally, an alternative metal free polymerization, namely the entropy-driven ring-opening disulfide metathesis polymerization (ED-RODiMP) was established for the polymerization of the macrocyclic monomers. The effect of different solvents, concentrations and catalyst loadings on the polymerization process and its kinetics were studied. Polymers with very high weight average molar masses of up to 177 kDa were obtained. Moreover, various post-polymerization reactions were successfully performed. This work provides the first example of the homopolymerization of endo-cyclic disulfides by ED-ROMP and the first substantial study into the kinetics of the ED-RODiMP process.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Ilic2020,
  author    = {Ilic, Ivan},
  title     = {Design of sustainable cathodes for Li-ion batteries},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-48368},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-483689},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {iv, 154},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {In recent years people have realised non-renewability of our modern society which relays on spending huge amounts of energy mostly produced from fosil fuels, such as oil and coal, and the shift towards more sustainable energy sources has started. However, sustainable sources of energy, such as wind-, solar- and hydro-energy, produce primarily electrical energy and can not just be poured in canister like many fosil fuels, creating necessity for rechragable batteries. However, modern Li-ion batteries are made from toxic heavy metals and sustainable alternatives are needed. Here we show that naturally abundant catecholic and guaiacyl groups can be utilised to replace heavy metals in Li-ion batteries. Foremost vanillin, a naturally occurring food additive that can be sustainably synthesised from industrial biowaste, lignin, was utilised to synthesise materials that showed extraordinary performance as cathodes in Li-ion batteries. Furthermore, behaviour of catecholic and guiacyl groups in Li-ion system was compared, confirming usability of guiacayl containing biopolymers as cathodes in Li-ion batteries. Lastly, naturally occurring polyphenol, tannic acid, was incorporated in fully bioderived hybrid material that shows performance comparable to commercial Li-ion batteries and good stability. This thesis presents an important advancement in understanding of biowaste derived cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. Further research should be conducted to better understand behaviour of guaiacyl groups during Li-ion battery cycling. Lastly, challenges of incorporation of lignin, an industrial biowaste, have to be addressed and lignin should be incorporated as a cathode material in Li-ion batteries.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Kaestner2021,
  author    = {Kaestner, Pia Isabel},
  title     = {Neue Polymermaterialien auf der Basis von funktionalisierten ionischen Fl{\"u}ssigkeiten zur potentiellen Anwendung in Membranen},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-50940},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-509403},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {VI, 164},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Die vorliegende Arbeit thematisiert die Synthese und Charakterisierung von neuen funktionalisierten ionischen Fl{\"u}ssigkeiten und deren Polymerisation. Die ionischen Fl{\"u}ssigkeiten wurden dabei sowohl mit polymerisierbaren Kationen als auch Anionen hergestellt. Zum einen wurden bei thermisch initiierten Polymerisationen Azobis(isobutyronitril) (AIBN) verwendet und zum anderen dienten bei photochemisch initiierten Polymerisationen Bis-4-(methoxybenzoyl)diethylgermanium (Ivocerin®) als Radikalstarter. Mittels Gelpermeationschromatographie konnte das Homopolymer Polydimethylaminoethylmethacrylat untersucht werden, welches erst im Anschluss an die GPC-Messungen polymeranalog modifiziert wurde. Dabei wurden nach einer Quaternisierung und anschließender Anionenmetathese bei diesen Polymeren die Grenzviskosit{\"a}ten bestimmt und mit den Grenzviskosit{\"a}ten der direkt polymerisierten ionischen Fl{\"u}ssigkeiten verglichen. Bei der direkten Polymerisation von Poly(N-[2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-N-butyl-N,N-dimethyl-ammoniumbis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imid) lag [η_Huggins] bei 100 mL/g und bei dem polymeranalog hergestellten Polymer betrug [η_Huggins] = 40 mL/g. Die ionischen Fl{\"u}ssigkeiten mit polymerisierbaren funktionellen Gruppen wurden mittels Photo-DSC hinsichtlich der maximalen Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit (Rpmax), der Zeit, in der dieses Maximum erreicht wurde, tmax, ihrer Glas{\"u}berganstemperatur (Tg) und des Umsatzes an Vinylprotonen untersucht. Bei diesen Messungen wurde zum einen der Einfluss der unterschiedlichen Alkylkettenl{\"a}nge am Ammoniumion und der Einfluss von verschiedenen Anionen bei gleichbleibender Kationenstruktur analysiert. So polymerisierte das ethylsubstituierte Kation mit einer tmax von 21 Sekunden am langsamsten. Die maximale Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit (Rpmax) betrug 3.3∙10-2 s-1. Die tmax Werte der {\"u}brigen alkylsubstituierten ionischen Fl{\"u}ssigkeiten mit einer polymerisierbaren funktionellen Gruppe hingegen lagen zwischen 10 und 15 Sekunden. Die Glas{\"u}bergangstemperaturen der mittels photoinduzierter Polymerisation hergestellten Polymere lagen mit 44 bis 55 °C nahe beieinander. Alle Monomere zeigten einen hohen Umsatz der Vinylprotonen; er betrug zwischen 93 und 100\%. Mithilfe einer Bandanlage, ausger{\"u}stet mit einer LED (λ = 395 nm), konnten Polymerfilme hergestellt werden. Der Umsatz an Doppelbindungs{\"a}quivalenten dieser Filme wurde anhand der 1H-NMR Spektroskopie bestimmt. Bei der dynamisch-mechanischen Analyse wurden die Polymerfilme mit einer konstanten Heizrate und Frequenz periodisch wechselnden Beanspruchungen ausgesetzt, um die Glas{\"u}bergangstemperaturen zu bestimmen. Die niedrigste Tg mit 26 °C besaß das butylsubstituierte N-[2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-N-butyl-N,N-dimethyl-ammoniumbis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imid, welches als Polymerfilm mit Ivocerin® als Initiator hergestellt wurde, wohingegen die h{\"o}chste Tg bei dem gleichen Polymer, welches direkt durch freie radikalische Polymerisation der ionischen Fl{\"u}ssigkeit in Masse mit AIBN hergestellt wurde, 51 °C betrug. Zus{\"a}tzlich wurden die Filme unter dem Aspekt der Topographie mit einem Rasterkraftmikroskop untersucht, welches eine Dom{\"a}nenstruktur des Polymers N-[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-N-butyl-N,N-dimethyl-ammonium tris(pentafluorethyl)trifluorphosphat offenbarte.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{LorenteSanchez2017,
  author    = {Lorente S{\´a}nchez, Alejandro Jose},
  title     = {Synthesis of side-chain polystyrenes for all organic solution processed OLEDs},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-398006},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xiv, 131},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {In the present work side-chain polystyrenes were synthesized and characterized, in order to be applied in multilayer OLEDs fabricated by solution process techniques. Manufacture of optoelectronic devices by solution process techniques is meant to decrease significantly fabrication cost and allow large scale production of such devices. This dissertation focusses in three series, enveloped in two material classes. The two classes differ to each other in the type of charge transport exhibited, either ambipolar transport or electron transport. All materials were applied in all-organic solution processed green Ir-based devices. In the first part, a series of ambipolar host materials were developed to transport both charge types, holes and electrons, and be applied especially as matrix for green Ir-based emitters. It was possible to increase devices efficacy by modulating the predominant charge transport type. This was achieved by modification of molecules electron transport part with more electron-deficient heterocycles or by extending the delocalization of the LUMO. Efficiencies up to 28.9 cd/A were observed for all-organic solution-process three layer devices. In the second part, suitability of triarylboranes and tetraphenylsilanes as electron transport materials was studied. High triplet energies were obtained, up to 2.95 eV, by rational combination of both molecular structures. Although the combination of both elements had a low effect in materials electron transport properties, high efficiencies around 24 cd/A were obtained for the series in all-organic solution-processed two layer devices. In the last part, benzene and pyridine were chosen as the series electron-transport motif. By controlling the relative pyridine content (RPC) solubility into methanol was induced for polystyrenes with bulky side-chains. Materials with RPC ≥ 0.5 could be deposited orthogonally from solution without harming underlying layers. From the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such materials are applied in this architecture showing moderate efficiencies around 10 cd/A in all-organic solution processed OLEDs. Overall, the outcome of these studies will actively contribute to the current research on materials for all-solution processed OLEDs.},
  language  = {en}
}