@article{ErmeydanCabaneGierlingeretal.2014,
  author    = {Ermeydan, Mahmut Ali and Cabane, Etienne and Gierlinger, Notburga and Koetz, Joachim and Burgert, Ingo},
  title     = {Improvement of wood material properties via in situ polymerization of styrene into tosylated cell walls},
  series = {RSC Advances},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {RSC Advances},
  number    = {25},
  publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
  address   = {Cambridge},
  issn      = {2046-2069},
  doi       = {10.1039/c4ra00741g},
  pages     = {12981 -- 12988},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {As an engineering material derived from renewable resources, wood possesses excellent mechanical properties in view of its light weight but also has some disadvantages such as low dimensional stability upon moisture changes and low durability against biological attack. Polymerization of hydrophobic monomers in the cell wall is one of the potential approaches to improve the dimensional stability of wood. A major challenge is to insert hydrophobic monomers into the hydrophilic environment of the cell walls, without increasing the bulk density of the material due to lumen filling. Here, we report on an innovative and simple method to insert styrene monomers into tosylated cell walls (i.e. -OH groups from natural wood polymers are reacted with tosyl chloride) and carry out free radical polymerization under relatively mild conditions, generating low wood weight gains. In-depth SEM and confocal Raman microscopy analysis are applied to reveal the distribution of the polystyrene in the cell walls and the lumen. The embedding of polystyrene in wood results in reduced water uptake by the wood cell walls, a significant increase in dimensional stability, as well as slightly improved mechanical properties measured by nanoindentation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ErmeydanCabaneHassetal.2014,
  author    = {Ermeydan, Mahmut Ali and Cabane, Etienne and Hass, Philipp and Koetz, Joachim and Burgert, Ingo},
  title     = {Fully biodegradable modification of wood for improvement of dimensional stability and water absorption properties by poly(epsilon-caprolactone) grafting into the cell walls},
  series = {Green chemistry : an international journal and green chemistry resource},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {Green chemistry : an international journal and green chemistry resource},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
  address   = {Cambridge},
  issn      = {1463-9262},
  doi       = {10.1039/c4gc00194j},
  pages     = {3313 -- 3321},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Materials derived from renewable resources are highly desirable in view of more sustainable manufacturing. Among the available natural materials, wood is one of the key candidates, because of its excellent mechanical properties. However, wood and wood-based materials in engineering applications suffer from various restraints, such as dimensional instability upon humidity changes. Several wood modification treatments increase water repellence, but the insertion of hydrophobic polymers can result in a composite material which cannot be considered as renewable anymore. In this study, we report on the grafting of the fully biodegradable poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) inside the wood cell walls by Sn(Oct)(2) catalysed ring-opening polymerization (ROP). The presence of polyester chains within the wood cell wall structure is monitored by confocal Raman imaging and spectroscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy. Physical tests reveal that the modified wood is more hydrophobic due to the bulking of the cell wall structure with the polyester chains, which results in a novel fully biodegradable wood material with improved dimensional stability.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{ErmeydanCabaneGierlingeretal.2014,
  author    = {Ermeydan, Mahmut Ali and Cabane, Etienne and Gierlinger, Notburga and Koetz, Joachim and Burgert, Ingo},
  title     = {Improvement of wood material properties via in situ polymerization of styrene into tosylated cell walls},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-98736},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {As an engineering material derived from renewable resources, wood possesses excellent mechanical properties in view of its light weight but also has some disadvantages such as low dimensional stability upon moisture changes and low durability against biological attack. Polymerization of hydrophobic monomers in the cell wall is one of the potential approaches to improve the dimensional stability of wood. A major challenge is to insert hydrophobic monomers into the hydrophilic environment of the cell walls, without increasing the bulk density of the material due to lumen filling. Here, we report on an innovative and simple method to insert styrene monomers into tosylated cell walls (i.e. -OH groups from natural wood polymers are reacted with tosyl chloride) and carry out free radical polymerization under relatively mild conditions, generating low wood weight gains. In-depth SEM and confocal Raman microscopy analysis are applied to reveal the distribution of the polystyrene in the cell walls and the lumen. The embedding of polystyrene in wood results in reduced water uptake by the wood cell walls, a significant increase in dimensional stability, as well as slightly improved mechanical properties measured by nanoindentation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{ErmeydanCabaneHassetal.2014,
  author    = {Ermeydan, Mahmut Ali and Cabane, Etienne and Hass, Philipp and Koetz, Joachim and Burgert, Ingo},
  title     = {Fully biodegradable modification of wood for improvement of dimensional stability and water absorption properties by poly(ε-caprolactone) grafting into the cell walls},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-97265},
  pages     = {3313 -- 3321},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Materials derived from renewable resources are highly desirable in view of more sustainable manufacturing. Among the available natural materials, wood is one of the key candidates, because of its excellent mechanical properties. However, wood and wood-based materials in engineering applications suffer from various restraints, such as dimensional instability upon humidity changes. Several wood modification treatments increase water repellence, but the insertion of hydrophobic polymers can result in a composite material which cannot be considered as renewable anymore. In this study, we report on the grafting of the fully biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) inside the wood cell walls by Sn(Oct)2 catalysed ring-opening polymerization (ROP). The presence of polyester chains within the wood cell wall structure is monitored by confocal Raman imaging and spectroscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy. Physical tests reveal that the modified wood is more hydrophobic due to the bulking of the cell wall structure with the polyester chains, which results in a novel fully biodegradable wood material with improved dimensional stability.},
  language  = {en}
}