@article{HeidenreichBuchnerWalzetal.2021, author = {Heidenreich, Anna and Buchner, Martin and Walz, Ariane and Thieken, Annegret}, title = {How to deal with heat stress at an open-air event?}, series = {Weather, climate \& society / American Meteorological Society}, volume = {13}, journal = {Weather, climate \& society / American Meteorological Society}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Meteorological Soc.}, address = {Boston}, issn = {1948-8327}, doi = {10.1175/WCAS-D-21-0027.1}, pages = {989 -- 1002}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Heat waves are increasingly common in many countries across the globe, and also in Germany, where this study is set. Heat poses severe health risks, especially for vulnerable groups such as the elderly and children. This case study explores visitors' behavior and perceptions during six weekends in the summer of 2018 at a 6-month open-air horticultural show. Data from a face-to-face survey (n = 306) and behavioral observations ( n = 2750) were examined by using correlation analyses, ANOVA, and multiple regression analyses. Differences in weather perception, risk awareness, adaptive behavior, and activity level were observed between rainy days (maximum daily temperature, 25 degrees C), warmsummer days (25 degrees-30 degrees C), and hot days (>30 degrees C). Respondents reported a high level of heat risk awareness, butmost (90\%) were unaware of actual heat warnings. During hot days, more adaptive measures were reported and observed. Older respondents reported taking the highest number of adaptive measures. We observed the highest level of adaptation in children, but they also showed the highest activity level. From our results we discuss how to facilitate individual adaptation to heat stress at open-air events by taking the heterogeneity of visitors into account. To mitigate negative health outcomes for citizens in the future, we argue for tailored risk communication aimed at vulnerable groups.
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: People around the world are facing higher average temperatures. While higher temperatures make open-air events a popular leisure time activity in summer, heat waves are a threat to health and life. Since there is not much research on how visitors of such events perceive different weather conditions-especially hot temperatures-we explored this in our case study in southern Germany at an open-air horticultural show in the summer of 2018. We discovered deficits both in people's awareness of current heat risk and the heat adaptation they carry out themselves. Future research should further investigate risk perception and adaptation behavior of private individuals, whereas event organizers and authorities need to continually focus on risk communication and facilitate individual adaptation of their visitors.}, language = {en} } @article{PreglaLissonHernandezVasishthetal.2021, author = {Pregla, Dorothea and Liss{\´o}n Hern{\´a}ndez, Paula J. and Vasishth, Shravan and Burchert, Frank and Stadie, Nicole}, title = {Variability in sentence comprehension in aphasia in German}, series = {Brain \& language : a journal of the neurobiology of language}, volume = {222}, journal = {Brain \& language : a journal of the neurobiology of language}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0093-934X}, doi = {10.1016/j.bl.2021.105008}, pages = {20}, year = {2021}, abstract = {An important aspect of aphasia is the observation of behavioral variability between and within individual participants. Our study addresses variability in sentence comprehension in German, by testing 21 individuals with aphasia and a control group and involving (a) several constructions (declarative sentences, relative clauses and control structures with an overt pronoun or PRO), (b) three response tasks (object manipulation, sentence-picture matching with/without self-paced listening), and (c) two test phases (to investigate test-retest performance). With this systematic, large-scale study we gained insights into variability in sentence comprehension. We found that the size of syntactic effects varied both in aphasia and in control participants. Whereas variability in control participants led to systematic changes, variability in individuals with aphasia was unsystematic across test phases or response tasks. The persistent occurrence of canonicity and interference effects across response tasks and test phases, however, shows that the performance is systematically influenced by syntactic complexity.}, language = {en} } @article{BubeckThieken2017, author = {Bubeck, Philip and Thieken, Annegret}, title = {What helps people recover from floods?}, series = {Regional environmental change}, volume = {18}, journal = {Regional environmental change}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {1436-3798}, doi = {10.1007/s10113-017-1200-y}, pages = {287 -- 296}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The number of people exposed to natural hazards has grown steadily over recent decades, mainly due to increasing exposure in hazard-prone areas. In the future, climate change could further enhance this trend. Still, empirical and comprehensive insights into individual recovery from natural hazards are largely lacking, hampering efforts to increase societal resilience. Drawing from a sample of 710 residents affected by flooding across Germany in June 2013, we empirically explore a wide range of variables possibly influencing self-reported recovery, including flood-event characteristics, the circumstances of the recovery process, socio-economic characteristics, and psychological factors, using multivariate statistics. We found that the amount of damage and other flood-event characteristics such as inundation depth are less important than socio-economic characteristics (e.g., sex or health status) and psychological factors (e.g., risk aversion and emotions). Our results indicate that uniform recovery efforts focusing on areas that were the most affected in terms of physical damage are insufficient to account for the heterogeneity in individual recovery results. To increase societal resilience, aid and recovery efforts should better address the long-term psychological effects of floods.}, language = {en} } @article{Hudson2018, author = {Hudson, Paul}, title = {A comparison of definitions of affordability for flood risk adaption measures}, series = {Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change : an international journal devoted to scientific, engineering, socio-economic and policy responses to environmental change}, volume = {23}, journal = {Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change : an international journal devoted to scientific, engineering, socio-economic and policy responses to environmental change}, number = {7}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {1381-2386}, doi = {10.1007/s11027-017-9769-5}, pages = {1019 -- 1038}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Risk-based insurance is a commonly proposed and discussed flood risk adaptation mechanism in policy debates across the world such as in the United Kingdom and the United States of America. However, both risk-based premiums and growing risk pose increasing difficulties for insurance to remain affordable. An empirical concept of affordability is required as the affordability of adaption strategies is an important concern for policymakers, yet such a concept is not often examined. Therefore, a robust metric with a commonly acceptable affordability threshold is required. A robust metric allows for a previously normative concept to be quantified in monetary terms, and in this way, the metric is rendered more suitable for integration into public policy debates. This paper investigates the degree to which risk-based flood insurance premiums are unaffordable in Europe. In addition, this paper compares the outcomes generated by three different definitions of unaffordability in order to investigate the most robust definition. In doing so, the residual income definition was found to be the least sensitive to changes in the threshold. While this paper focuses on Europe, the selected definition can be employed elsewhere in the world and across adaption measures in order to develop a common metric for indicating the potential unaffordability problem.}, language = {en} } @article{UnterbergerHudsonBotzenetal.2018, author = {Unterberger, Christian and Hudson, Paul and Botzen, W. J. Wouter and Schroeer, Katharina and Steininger, Karl W.}, title = {Future public sector flood risk and risk sharing arrangements}, series = {Ecological economics}, volume = {156}, journal = {Ecological economics}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0921-8009}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.09.019}, pages = {153 -- 163}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Climate change, along with socio-economic development, will increase the economic impacts of floods. While the factors that influence flood risk to private property have been extensively studied, the risk that natural disasters pose to public infrastructure and the resulting implications on public sector budgets, have received less attention. We address this gap by developing a two-staged model framework, which first assesses the flood risk to public infrastructure in Austria. Combining exposure and vulnerability information at the building level with inundation maps, we project an increase in riverine flood damage, which progressively burdens public budgets. Second, the risk estimates are integrated into an insurance model, which analyzes three different compensation arrangements in terms of the monetary burden they place on future governments' budgets and the respective volatility of payments. Formalized insurance compensation arrangements offer incentives for risk reduction measures, which lower the burden on public budgets by reducing the vulnerability of buildings that are exposed to flooding. They also significantly reduce the volatility of payments and thereby improve the predictability of flood damage expenditures. These features indicate that more formalized insurance arrangements are an improvement over the purely public compensation arrangement currently in place in Austria.}, language = {en} } @misc{HudsonBotzenPoussinetal.2019, author = {Hudson, Paul and Botzen, W. J. Wouter and Poussin, Jennifer and Aerts, Jeroen C. J. H.}, title = {Impacts of flooding and flood preparedness on subjective well-being}, series = {Journal of Happiness Studies}, volume = {20}, journal = {Journal of Happiness Studies}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer Science}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {1389-4978}, doi = {10.1007/s10902-017-9916-4}, pages = {665 -- 682}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Flood disasters severely impact human subjective well-being (SWB). Nevertheless, few studies have examined the influence of flood events on individual well-being and how such impacts may be limited by flood protection measures. This study estimates the long term impacts on individual subjective well-being of flood experiences, individual subjective flood risk perceptions, and household flood preparedness decisions. These effects are monetised and placed in context through a comparison with impacts of other adverse events on well-being. We collected data from households in flood-prone areas in France. The results indicate that experiencing a flood has a large negative impact on subjective well-being that is incompletely attenuated over time. Moreover, individuals do not need to be directly affected by floods to suffer SWB losses since subjective well-being is lower for those who expect their flood risk to increase or who have seen a neighbour being flooded. Floodplain inhabitants who prepared for flooding by elevating their home have a higher subjective well-being. A monetisation of the aforementioned well-being impacts shows that a flood requires Euro150,000 in immediate compensation to attenuate SWB losses. The decomposition of the monetised impacts of flood experience into tangible losses and intangible effects on SWB shows that intangible effects are about twice as large as the tangible direct monetary flood losses. Investments in flood protection infrastructure may be under funded if the intangible SWB benefits of flood protection are not taken into account.}, language = {en} } @article{MaleszaOstaszewskiBuechneretal.2019, author = {Malesza, Marta and Ostaszewski, Paweł and B{\"u}chner, Susanne and Kaczmarek, Magdalena C.}, title = {The adaptation of the Short Dark Triad personality measure}, series = {Current psychology}, volume = {38}, journal = {Current psychology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1046-1310}, doi = {10.1007/s12144-017-9662-0}, pages = {855 -- 864}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This research was designed to adapt and investigate the psychometric properties of the Short Dark Triad measure (Jones and Paulhus Assessment, 21(1), 28-41, 2014) in a German sample within four studies (total N=1463); the measure evaluates three personality dimensions: narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism. The structure of the instrument was analysed by Confirmatory Factor Analyses procedure. It indicated that the three-factor structure had the best fit to the data. Next, the Short Dark Triad measure was evaluated in terms of construct, convergent and discriminant validity, internal consistency ( .72), and test-retest reliability during a 4-week period ( .73). Concurrent validity of the SD3 was supported by relating its subscales to measures of the Big Five concept, aggression, and self-esteem. We concluded that the Short Dark Triad instrument presented high cross-language replicability. The use of this short inventory in the investigation of the Dark Triad personality model in the German language context is suggested.}, language = {en} } @article{SchuefflerThimHaaseetal.2019, author = {Sch{\"u}ffler, Arnulf and Thim, Christof and Haase, Jennifer and Gronau, Norbert and Kluge, Annette}, title = {Willentliches Vergessen}, series = {Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Angewandte Organisationspsychologie (GIO)}, volume = {50}, journal = {Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Angewandte Organisationspsychologie (GIO)}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {2366-6145}, doi = {10.1007/s11612-019-00466-0}, pages = {197 -- 209}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Dieser Beitrag im Journal Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. stellt dar, wie willentliches Vergessen die Anpassung an notwendige Ver{\"a}nderungen f{\"u}r Individuen, Gruppen und Organisationen verbessert und wie willentliches Vergessen bewusst und gezielt gestaltet werden kann. Damit Verhalten in Folge einer notwendigen Ver{\"a}nderung angepasst wird, reicht es nicht aus, dass Menschen wissen was zu tun ist, willens und in der Lage sind ihr Verhalten zu ver{\"a}ndern. Eine Ver{\"a}nderung gelingt nur dann, wenn nur noch das neue Verhalten zur Anwendung kommt und nicht mehr das Alte, wenn das alte Verhalten vergessen wird. Der notwendige Prozess des willentlichen Vergessens ist durch Entfernen von Hinweisreizen, die die Erinnerung des zu Vergessenden und durch Platzierung von Hinweisreizen, die die Aktivierung des Neuen ausl{\"o}sen, gestaltbar. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die f{\"o}rderliche Wirkung von Hinweisreizen auf willentliches Vergessen dar, stellt sie im Rahmen des Berichts einer experimentellen Studie unter Beweis und gibt praktische Implikationen, wie f{\"u}r Individuen, Gruppen und Organisationen willentliches Vergessen gestaltet werden kann.}, language = {de} } @article{CasselRischMayeretal.2019, author = {Cassel, Michael and Risch, Lucie and Mayer, Frank and Kaplick, Hannes and Engel, Aaron and Kulig, Kornelia and Bashford, Greg}, title = {Achilles tendon morphology assessed using image based spatial frequency analysis is altered among healthy elite adolescent athletes compared to recreationally active controls}, series = {Journal of science and medicine in sport : official journal of Sports Medicine Australia}, volume = {22}, journal = {Journal of science and medicine in sport : official journal of Sports Medicine Australia}, number = {8}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1440-2440}, doi = {10.1016/j.jsams.2019.03.011}, pages = {882 -- 886}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Objectives: Although expected, tendon adaptations in adolescent elite athletes have been underreported. Morphologically, adaptations may occur by an increase in collagen fiber density and/or organization. These characteristics can be captured using spatial frequency parameters extracted from ultrasound images. This study aims to compare Achilles tendon (AT) morphology among sports-specific cohorts of elite adolescent athletes and to compare these findings to recreationally active controls by use of spatial frequency analysis. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Method: In total, 334 healthy adolescent athletes from four sport categories (ball, combat, endurance, explosive strength) and 35 healthy controls were included. Longitudinal ultrasound scans were performed at the AT insertion and midportion. Intra-tendinous-morphology was quantified by performing spatial frequency analysis assessing eight parameters at standardized ROls. Increased values in five parameters suggest a higher structural organization, and in two parameters higher fiber density. One parameter represents a quotient combining both organization and fiber density. Results: Among athletes, only ball sport athletes exhibited an increase in one summative parameter at pre-insertion site compared to athletes from other sport categories. When compared to athletes, controls had significantly higher values of four parameters at pre-insertion and three parameters at midportion site reflecting differences in both, fiber organization and density. Conclusions: Intra-tendinous-morphology was similar in all groups of adolescent athletes. Higher values found in non-athletes might suggest higher AT fiber density and organization. It is yet unclear whether the lesser structural organization in young athletes represents initial AT pathology, or a physiological adaptive response at the fiber cross-linking level. (C) 2019 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzerJoshi2017, author = {Schwarzer, Christian and Joshi, Jasmin Radha}, title = {Parallel adaptive responses to abiotic but not biotic conditions after cryptic speciation in European peat moss Sphagnum magellanicum Brid}, series = {Perspectives in plant ecology, evolution and systematics}, volume = {26}, journal = {Perspectives in plant ecology, evolution and systematics}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Jena}, issn = {1433-8319}, doi = {10.1016/j.ppees.2017.03.001}, pages = {14 -- 27}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. is a worldwide distributed peat moss and an ecosystem-engineer in temperate and boreal bog ecosystems suggesting a great adaptive potential to different environmental conditions. Phenotypes of S. magellanicum have been described as one species so far, although this has been questioned by the detection of several genetic groups in a recent global study. Concordant with morphological uniformity, our analyses of Mid-to Northern European plants revealed only minimal variation in nuclear nrITS and plastid rps4 sequences. However, we detected two distinct genetic groups within Europe by analyzing microsatellite data of 298 individuals from 27 populations. Plants formed an Eastern and a Western European cluster, with overlapping areas in northern Germany and southern Sweden where plants of both clusters coexist within populations but show no signs of admixture. These two cryptic taxa seem therefore to be reproductively isolated. Bayesian analyses indicated that reproductive isolation occurred before the end of the late Pleistocene glaciations. After the meltdown of the glaciers, both clusters colonized northern and central Europe from glacial refugia in the West and possibly from Euro-Siberian populations. To test for divergent adaptation to environmental conditions, we exposed plants of both clusters to experimental climate warming treatments at two different plant-diversity levels (monocultures vs. mixtures) for two years. Despite their different evolutionary history, plants of both genetic clusters responded equally to climate treatments in our southern common garden near Potsdam, Germany. However, only eastern cluster populations benefited from plant-community diversity and increased their biomass in mixtures. These differences in their ecological niche match the diverging microhabitat preferences observed in situ and may effectively hamper genetic exchange if distances between microhabitats are too large for Sphagnum sperm movement. (C) 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} }