@article{HiltonTwomeyWestermann2019,
  author    = {Hilton, Matt and Twomey, Katherine Elizabeth and Westermann, Gert},
  title     = {Taking their eye off the ball},
  series = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
  volume    = {183},
  journal   = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0022-0965},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jecp.2019.01.023},
  pages     = {134 -- 145},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {The current study tests the hypothesis that shy children's reduced word learning is partly due to an effect of shyness on attention during object labeling. A sample of 20- and 26-month-old children (N = 32) took part in a looking-while-listening task in which they saw sets of familiar and novel objects while hearing familiar or novel labels. Overall, children increased attention to familiar objects when hearing their labels, and they divided their attention equally between the target and competitors when hearing novel labels. Critically, shyness reduced attention to the target object regardless of whether the heard label was novel or familiar. When children's retention of the novel word-object mappings was tested after a delay, it was found that children who showed increased attention to novel objects during labeling showed better retention. Taken together, these findings suggest that shyer children perform less well than their less shy peers on measures of word learning because their attention to the target object is dampened. Thus, this work presents evidence that shyness modulates the low-level processes of visual attention that unfold during word learning.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BarthaDoeringAlexopoulosGiordanoetal.2019,
  author    = {Bartha-Doering, Lisa and Alexopoulos, Johanna and Giordano, Vito and Stelzer, Lisa and Kainz, Theresa and Benavides-Varela, Silvia and Wartenburger, Isabell and Klebermass-Schrehof, Katrin and Olischar, Monika and Seidl, Rainer Otis and Berger, Angelika},
  title     = {Absence of neural speech discrimination in preterm infants at term-equivalent age},
  series = {Developmental cognitive neuroscience : a journal for cognitive, affective and social developmental neuroscience},
  volume    = {39},
  journal   = {Developmental cognitive neuroscience : a journal for cognitive, affective and social developmental neuroscience},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1878-9293},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100679},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Children born preterm are at higher risk to develop language deficits. Auditory speech discrimination deficits may be early signs for language developmental problems. The present study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate neural speech discrimination in 15 preterm infants at term-equivalent age compared to 15 full term neonates. The full term group revealed a significantly greater hemodynamic response to forward compared to backward speech within the left hemisphere extending from superior temporal to inferior parietal and middle and inferior frontal areas. In contrast, the preterm group did not show differences in their hemodynamic responses during forward versus backward speech, thus, they did not discriminate speech from nonspeech. Groups differed significantly in their responses to forward speech, whereas they did not differ in their responses to backward speech. The significant differences between groups point to an altered development of the functional network underlying language acquisition in preterm infants as early as in term-equivalent age.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ObrigMockStephanetal.2017,
  author    = {Obrig, Hellmuth and Mock, Julia and Stephan, Franziska and Richter, Maria and Vignotto, Micol and Rossi, Sonja},
  title     = {Impact of associative word learning on phonotactic processing in 6-month-old infants: A combined EEG and fNIRS study},
  series = {Developmental cognitive neuroscience : a journal for cognitive, affective and social developmental neuroscience},
  volume    = {25},
  journal   = {Developmental cognitive neuroscience : a journal for cognitive, affective and social developmental neuroscience},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1878-9293},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.dcn.2016.09.001},
  pages     = {185 -- 197},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}