@article{JessenVerissimoClahsen2019,
  author    = {Jessen, Anna and Verissimo, Jo{\~a}o Marques and Clahsen, Harald},
  title     = {Variability and consistency in late bilinguals' morphology},
  series = {The mental lexicon},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {The mental lexicon},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {John Benjamins Publishing Co.},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1871-1340},
  doi       = {10.1075/ml.18002.jes},
  pages     = {186 -- 214},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Speaking a late-learned second language (L2) is supposed to yield more variable and less consistent output than speaking one's first language (L1), particularly with respect to reliably adhering to grammatical morphology. The current study investigates both internal processes involved in encoding morphologically complex words - by recording event-related brain potentials (ERPs) during participants' silent productions - and the corresponding overt output. We specifically examined compounds with plural or singular modifiers in English. Thirty-one advanced L2 speakers of English (L1: German) were compared to a control group of 20 L1 English speakers from an earlier study. We found an enhanced (right-frontal) negativity during (silent) morphological encoding for compounds produced from regular plural forms relative to compounds formed from irregular plurals, replicating the ERP effect obtained for the L1 group. The L2 speakers' overt productions, however, were significantly less consistent than those of the L1 speakers on the same task. We suggest that L2 speakers employ the same mechanisms for morphological encoding as L1 speakers, but with less reliance on grammatical constraints than L1 speakers.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ClahsenGerthHeyeretal.2015,
  author    = {Clahsen, Harald and Gerth, Sabrina and Heyer, Vera and Schott, Esther},
  title     = {Morphology constrains native and non-native word formation in different ways Evidence from plurals inside compounds},
  series = {The mental lexicon},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {The mental lexicon},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Benjamins},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1871-1340},
  doi       = {10.1075/ml.10.1.03cla},
  pages     = {53 -- 87},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The role of morphological and syntactic information in non-native second language (L2) comprehension is controversial. Some have argued that late bilinguals rapidly integrate grammatical cues with other information sources during reading or listening in the same way as native speakers. Others claim that structural cues are underused in L2 processing. We examined different kinds of modifiers inside compounds (e.g. singulars vs. plurals, *rat eater vs. rats eater) with respect to this controversy which are subject to both structural and nonstructural constraints. Two offline and two online (eye-movement) experiments were performed examining the role of these constraints in spoken language comprehension of English and German, testing 77 advanced L2 learners. We also compared the L2 groups to corresponding groups of native speakers. Our results suggest that despite native-like sensitivity to the compounding constraints, late bilinguals rely more on non-structural constraints and are less able to revise their initial interpretations than L1 comprehenders.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KirkiciClahsen2013,
  author    = {Kirkici, Bilal and Clahsen, Harald},
  title     = {Inflection and derivation in native and non-native language processing - masked priming experiments on Turkish},
  series = {Bilingualism : language and cognition},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {Bilingualism : language and cognition},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1366-7289},
  doi       = {10.1017/S1366728912000648},
  pages     = {776 -- 791},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Much previous experimental research on morphological processing has focused on surface and meaning-level properties of morphologically complex words, without paying much attention to the morphological differences between inflectional and derivational processes. Realization-based theories of morphology, for example, assume specific morpholexical representations for derived words that distinguish them from the products of inflectional or paradigmatic processes. The present study reports results from a series of masked priming experiments investigating the processing of inflectional and derivational phenomena in native (L1) and non-native (L2) speakers in a non-Indo-European language, Turkish. We specifically compared regular (Aorist) verb inflection with deadjectival nominalization, both of which are highly frequent, productive and transparent in Turkish. The experiments demonstrated different priming patterns for inflection and derivation, specifically within the L2 group. Implications of these findings are discussed both for accounts of L2 morphological processing and for the controversial linguistic distinction between inflection and derivation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KirkiciClahsen2012,
  author    = {Kirkici, Bilal and Clahsen, Harald},
  title     = {Inflection and derivation in native and non-native language processing},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {512},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-41566},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415664},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Much previous experimental research on morphological processing has focused on surface and meaning-level properties of morphologically complex words, without paying much attention to the morphological differences between inflectional and derivational processes. Realization-based theories of morphology, for example, assume specific morpholexical representations for derived words that distinguish them from the products of inflectional or paradigmatic processes. The present study reports results from a series of masked priming experiments investigating the processing of inflectional and derivational phenomena in native (L1) and non-native (L2) speakers in a non-Indo-European language, Turkish. We specifically compared regular (Aorist) verb inflection with deadjectival nominalization, both of which are highly frequent, productive and transparent in Turkish. The experiments demonstrated different priming patterns for inflection and derivation, specifically within the L2 group. Implications of these findings are discussed both for accounts of L2 morphological processing and for the controversial linguistic distinction between inflection and derivation.},
  language  = {en}
}