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Mehr als nur Ehefrauen
(2023)
Mehr als nur Ehefrauen
(2023)
Mediating power?
(2022)
The selection of the executive heads of international organisations represents a key decision in the politics of international organisations. However, we know little about what dynamics influence this selection. The article focuses on the nationality of selected executive heads. It argues that institutional design impacts the factors that influence leadership selection by shaping the costs and benefits of attaining the position for member states’ nationals. The argument is tested with novel data on the nationality of individuals in charge of 69 international organisation bureaucracies between 1970 and 2017. Two findings stand out: first, powerful countries are more able to secure positions in international organisations in which executive heads are voted in by majority voting. Second, less consistent evidence implies that powerful countries secure more positions when bureaucracies are authoritative. The findings have implications for debates on international cooperation by illustrating how power and institutions interact in the selection of international organisation executive heads.
In recent decades, a wave of administrative reforms has changed local governance in many European countries. However, our knowledge about differences as well as similarities between the countries, driving forces, impacts, perceptions, and evaluation of these reforms is still limited. In the chapter, the authors give an overview about mayors’ perceptions and evaluations of two major reform trajectories: (a) re-organisation of local service delivery and (b) internal administrative/managerial reforms. Furthermore, differences between (groups of) countries as well as similarities among them are shown in these two fields of administrative reform. Finally, the authors tried to identify explanatory factors for specific perceptions of administrative reforms at the local level.
In a critical approach to Mommsen’s classical thesis, which states the dependence of Weber’s sociology on his political position, the article reconstructs the foundation of Weber’s ‘The Profession and Vocation of Politics’ on his sociological analyses of the political domain in the manuscripts for the posthumous publication of Economy and Society. The first two pages of his 1919 lecture particularly show that Weber can fall back on the definitions of State and politics that he had already developed for his political sociology. Yet, to appreciate the full extent of this theoretical contribution, it is necessary to present Weber’s entire ideal-typical analysis of the political. The article then shows that Weber provides an unlabelled definition of ‘modern politics’ that negates ante litteram Carl Schmitt’s foundation of politics on the idea of enmity. In this context, Weber’s sound plea for parliamentarism and against the fascination of civil war comes to the fore that he wanted to deliver to his audience of young revolutionaries in January 1919.
This paper reconsiders the explanation of economic policy from an evolutionary economics perspective. It contrasts the neoclassical equilibrium notions of market and government failure with the dominant evolutionary neo-Schumpeterian and Austrian-Hayekian perceptions. Based on this comparison, the paper criticizes the fact that neoclassical reasoning still prevails in non-equilibrium evolutionary economics when economic policy issues are examined. This is more than surprising, since proponents of evolutionary economics usually view their approach as incompatible with its neoclassical counterpart. In addition, it is shown that this "fallacy of failure thinking" even finds its continuation in the alternative concept of "system failure" with which some evolutionary economists try to explain and legitimate policy interventions in local, regional or national innovation systems. The paper argues that in order to prevent the otherwise fruitful and more realistic evolutionary approach from undermining its own criticism of neoclassical economics and to create a consistent as well as objective evolutionary policy framework, it is necessary to eliminate the equilibrium spirit. Finally, the paper delivers an alternative evolutionary explanation of economic policy which is able to overcome the theory-immanent contradiction of the hitherto evolutionary view on this subject.
Vor einhundert Jahren eröffnete die Wissenschaftlerin und Sozialreformerin Dr. med. Maria Montessori in Rom ihre erste Kindertagesstätte, das „Casa dei Bambini”. Inzwischen gibt es allein in Deutschland ca. eintausend Kindergärten und auch Schulen, die nach ihrem Konzept arbeiten. Der Beitrag will auf die Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Menschenrecht auf Bildung, dem pädagogischen Konzept der Maria Montessori und ihrem natur- und verhaltenswissenschaftlich begründeten Ansatz der Lernforschung hinweisen.
Agricultural policy in the transition states of Central Eastern Europe is a very complex issue – ranging from privatisation of farm land, the establishment of agricultural markets to detailed questions of veterinary care, plant health and animal nutrition. Its main elements are the introduction of market liberalization, farm restructuring, privatisation, the reform of the sector and the creation of supporting market institutions and services.1 In this process central state agriculture administration plays a decisive role. This paper is summing up the research of the author on Slovak agricultural administration between 2002 and 2004. This work was part of a DFG-funded research project on “Genesis, Organization and Efficiency of the central-state Ministerial Administration in Central and Eastern Europe”. The project was analysing the processes, results and efficiency of administrative structures at central-state level in Estonia, Poland and Slovakia with reference to public administration in the policy fields of agriculture and telecommunications. The paper is reflecting the situation in the sector and its administration at the beginning of 2004. At first, an overview of the role of the agricultural sector in Slovak economy in the past and presence is provided (section I). Against this background, the development of the agricultural policy in the different periods since 1989 will be analysed, mainly what privatisation, accession to the EU and subsidy policy are concerned (section II). A detailed study of the developments in agricultural administration forms the next part of the paper (section III), i.e. the changes taking place in the ministry of agriculture and in the other institutions responsible for the implementation of agricultural policy. The role of interest groups in agriculture is briefly analysed (section IV). In the conclusions two different scenarios on the further development of Slovak agricultural administration will be deployed.
World Bank evaluations show that recipient performance varies substantially between different projects. Extant research has focused on country-level variables when explaining these variations. This article goes beyond country-level explanations and highlights the role of World Bank staff. We extend established arguments in the literature on compliance with the demands of International Organizations (IOs) and hypothesize that IO staff can shape recipient performance in three ways. First, recipient performance may be influenced by the quality of IO staff monitoring and supervision. Second, the leniency and stringency with which IO staff apply the aid agreement could improve recipient performance. Third, recipient performance may depend on whether IO staff can identify and mobilize supportive interlocutors through their networks in the recipient country. We test these arguments by linking a novel database on the tenure of World Bank task team leaders to projects evaluated between 1986 and 2020. The findings are consistent with the expectation that World Bank staff play an important role, but only in investment projects. There is substantial evidence that World Bank staff supervisory ability and country experience are linked to recipient performance in those projects. Less consistent evidence indicates that leniency could matter. These findings imply that World Bank staff play an important role in facilitating implementation of investment projects.
This chapter analyses managerial reforms at the subnational level of government from a comparative perspective and outlines possible routes for future comparative research. It examines reforms of the external relationships between local governments and private service providers, which were aimed at transforming the organizational macro-setting of local service provision, the task portfolio and functional profile of local governments. The chapter then moves to scrutinizing internal managerial reforms concerned with the modernization of organization and processes and the improvement of management capacities inside local administrations meant to strengthen performance, output- and consumer-orientation in local service delivery. The country sample includes the United Kingdom (England), Sweden, and Germany that represent three distinct types of administrative culture and local government in Europe.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether and how evolving ideas about management control (MC) emerge in research about public sector performance management (PSPM).
Design/methodology/approach
This is a literature review on PSPM research through using a set of key terms derived from a review of recent developments in MC.
Findings
MC research, originating in the management accounting discipline, is largely disconnected from PSPM research as part of public administration and public management disciplines. Overlaps between MC and PSPM research are visible in a cybernetic control approach, control variety and contingency-based reasoning. Both academic communities share an understanding of certain issues, although under diverging labels, especially enabling controls or, in a more general sense, usable performance controls, horizontal controls and control packaging. Specific MC concepts are valuable for future PSPM research, i.e. trust as a complement of performance-based controls in complex settings, and strategy as a variable in contingency-based studies.
Research limitations/implications
Breaking the boundaries between two currently remote research disciplines, on the one hand, might dismantle “would-be” innovations in one of these disciplines, and, on the other hand, may provide a fertile soil for mutual transfer of knowledge. A limitation of the authors’ review of PSPM research is that it may insufficiently cover research published in the public sector accounting journals, which could be an outlet for MC-inspired PSPM research.
Originality/value
The paper unravels the “apparent” and “real” differences between MC and PSPM research, and, in doing so, takes the detected “real” differences as a starting point for discussing in what ways PSPM research can benefit from MC achievements.
While W.E.B. Du Bois’s first novel, The Quest of the Silver Fleece (1911), is set squarely in the USA, his second work of fiction, Dark Princess: A Romance (1928), abandons this national framework, depicting the treatment of African Americans in the USA as embedded into an international system of economic exploitation based on racial categories. Ultimately, the political visions offered in the novels differ starkly, but both employ a Western literary canon – so-called ‘classics’ from Greek, German, English, French, and US American literature. With this, Du Bois attempts to create a new space for African Americans in the world (literature) of the 20th century. Weary of the traditions of this ‘world literature’, the novels complicate and begin to decenter the canon that they draw on. This reading traces what I interpret as subtle signs of frustration over the limits set by the literature that underlies Dark Princess, while its predecessor had been more optimistic in its appropriation of Eurocentric fiction for its propagandist aims.
In vielen Staaten weltweit wächst die Rolle der Zivilgesellschaft. Dieses neunte PTB will einen Beitrag zur wissenschaftlichen Debatte über die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagements der Bürger und ihrer Organisationen leisten. Neben einführenden Artikeln werden in Fallstudien die Situationen der Türkei, des Irans, Ägyptens, Deutschlands, Chinas und Brasiliens betrachtet. Der Band enthält zahlreiche Texte in englischer Sprache.
Majorities for minorities
(2022)
Does the process of making a constitution affect the expansiveness of rights protections in the constitution? In particular, is more participation in constitution-making processes better for minority rights protections? While the process of constitution making and its impact on various outcomes have received significant attention, little is known about the impact public participation or deliberation in this process has on the scope and content of minority rights. Using a wide variety of data to empirically assess the relationship between constitution-making processes and the protection of rights for minorities, we find a positive relationship between participatory drafting processes and the inclusion of minority protections in constitutions under some conditions. The article's findings have important implications for understanding political representation and lend support to core arguments about the role of the public in constitutional design.
Magier der Macht
(2017)
Le Président de la République française, Emmanuel Macron, a prononcé le 26 septembre 2017 dans le grand auditorium de l’Université de la Sorbonne devant un public composé d’étudiants et de responsables politiques un ambitieux discours sur l’Europe. Parmi ses « initiatives pour l’Europe » figure la création d’universités européennes.
L’objectif de cette étude est de mettre en lumière l’héritage et les apports français et allemands dans ce nouveau modèle de partenariat européen en construction. Quel est le rôle joué par le niveau ministériel en France et en Allemagne dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre de l’initiative ? Quel est le degré et quelle est la nature d’intervention des Agences nationales Erasmus dans chacun des deux pays ? Quel est le positionnement de l’Université franco-allemande par rapport à ces nouvelles alliances ainsi que sa contribution ? À partir de trois exemples, à savoir les alliances ECIU, EPICUR et FORTHM, nous illustrons comment la coopération franco-allemande ainsi que les relations transfrontalières développées au sein de réseaux préexistants alimentent ces « réseaux des réseaux ».
Ce mémoire puise ses principales sources de 15 entretiens semi-directifs, menés entre août 2020 et janvier 2021 auprès d’acteurs allemands, français et européens. La richesse de leur expertise nourrit la conclusion dans laquelle nous tentons de mettre en exergue la dimension franco-allemande de cette initiative. Avec un regard franco-allemand, nous proposons un résumé des actuelles forces, opportunités, faiblesses et menaces qui favorisent ou entravent le développement de cette nouvelle initiative.
Der Präsident der französischen Republik, Emmanuel Macron, hielt am 26. September 2017 im großen Hörsaal der Universität Sorbonne vor einem Publikum aus Studenten und Politikern eine ambitionierte Rede zu Europa. Zu seinen "Initiativen für Europa" gehört die Schaffung von Europäischen Hochschulnetzwerken.
Das Ziel dieser Masterarbeit besteht darin, das deutsch-französische Erbe sowie die Beiträge beider Länder in diesen neuen Modellen zu untersuchen :.Welche Rolle spielt die ministerielle Ebene in Frankreich und Deutschland bei der Umsetzung der Initiative? In welchem Umfang und auf welche Art und Weise beteiligen sich die nationalen Erasmus-Agenturen in beiden Ländern ? Welche Position nimmt die Deutsch-Französische Hochschule in Bezug auf diese neuen Allianzen ein und welche Unterstützung bietet sie? Anhand von drei Beispielen, den Allianzen ECIU, EPICUR und FORTHM, wird beschrieben, welche Beiträge die deutsch-französische Zusammenarbeit sowie grenzüberschreitende Kooperationen leisten.
Die Hauptquellen für diese Masterarbeit stellen 15 semidirektive Experteninterviews dar, die zwischen August 2020 und Januar 2021 mit deutschen, französischen und europäischen Akteuren geführt wurden. Der Reichtum ihrer Expertise fließt in die Schlussfolgerung ein, in der wir versuchen, die deutsch-französische Dimension dieser Initiative hervorzuheben. Mit einer deutsch-französischen Perspektive versuchen wir, die Stärken, Chancen, Schwächen und Bedrohungen zusammenzufassen, die die Entwicklung dieser neuen Initiative begünstigen oder behindern.
The President of the French Republic, Emmanuel Macron, gave an ambitious speech on Europe to an audience of students and politicians in the large lecture hall of the Sorbonne University on 26 September 2017. Among his "Initiatives for Europe" is the creation of European University Networks.
The aim of this Master's thesis is to examine the Franco-German heritage and the contributions of both countries in these new models :.What is the role of the ministerial level in France and Germany in the implementation of the initiative? To what extent and in what way do the national Erasmus agencies in both countries participate ? What is the position of the Franco-German University in relation to these new alliances and what support does it offer? Using three examples, the ECIU, EPICUR and FORTHM alliances, the contributions of Franco-German cooperation and cross-border cooperation are described.
The main sources for this Master's thesis are 15 semi-directive expert interviews conducted with German, French and European actors between August 2020 and January 2021. The wealth of their expertise feeds into the conclusion, in which we try to highlight the Franco-German dimension of this initiative. With a Franco-German perspective, we try to summarise the strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats that favour or hinder the development of this new initiative.
We analyse the top tail of the wealth distribution in France, Germany, and Spain using the first and second waves of the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS). Since top wealth is likely to be under-represented in household surveys, we integrate big fortunes from rich lists, estimate a Pareto distribution, and impute the missing rich. In addition to the Forbes list, we rely on national rich lists since they represent a broader base of the big fortunes in those countries. As a result, the top 1% wealth share increases notably for the three selected countries after imputing the top wealth. We find that national rich lists can improve the estimation of the Pareto coefficient in particular when the list of national USD billionaires is short.