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Self-monitoring of oral anticoagulation systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data

  • Background Uptake of self-testing and self-management of oral coagulation has remained inconsistent, despite good evidence of their effectiveness. To clarify the value of self-monitoring of oral anticoagulation, we did a meta-analysis of individual patient data addressing several important gaps in the evidence, including an estimate of the effect on time to death, first major haemorrhage, and thromboembolism. Methods We searched Ovid versions of Embase (1980-2009) and Medline (1966-2009), limiting searches to randomised trials with a maximally sensitive strategy. We approached all authors of included trials and requested individual patient data: primary outcomes were time to death, first major haemorrhage, and first thromboembolic event. We did prespecified subgroup analyses according to age, type of control-group care (anticoagulation-clinic care vs primary care), self-testing alone versus self-management, and sex. We analysed patients with mechanical heart valves or atrial fibrillation separately. We used a random-effect modelBackground Uptake of self-testing and self-management of oral coagulation has remained inconsistent, despite good evidence of their effectiveness. To clarify the value of self-monitoring of oral anticoagulation, we did a meta-analysis of individual patient data addressing several important gaps in the evidence, including an estimate of the effect on time to death, first major haemorrhage, and thromboembolism. Methods We searched Ovid versions of Embase (1980-2009) and Medline (1966-2009), limiting searches to randomised trials with a maximally sensitive strategy. We approached all authors of included trials and requested individual patient data: primary outcomes were time to death, first major haemorrhage, and first thromboembolic event. We did prespecified subgroup analyses according to age, type of control-group care (anticoagulation-clinic care vs primary care), self-testing alone versus self-management, and sex. We analysed patients with mechanical heart valves or atrial fibrillation separately. We used a random-effect model method to calculate pooled hazard ratios and did tests for interaction and heterogeneity, and calculated a time-specific number needed to treat. Findings Of 1357 abstracts, we included 11 trials with data for 6417 participants and 12 800 person-years of follow-up. We reported a significant reduction in thromboembolic events in the self-monitoring group (hazard ratio 0.51; 95% CI 0.31-0.85) but not for major haemorrhagic events (0.88, 0.74-1.06) or death (0.82, 0.62-1.09). Participants younger than 55 years showed a striking reduction in thrombotic events (hazard ratio 0.33, 95% CI 0.17-0.66), as did participants with mechanical heart valve (0.52, 0.35-0.77). Analysis of major outcomes in the very elderly (age >= 85 years, n=99) showed no significant adverse effects of the intervention for all outcomes. Interpretation Our analysis showed that self-monitoring and self-management of oral coagulation is a safe option for suitable patients of all ages. Patients should also be offered the option to self-manage their disease with suitable health-care support as back-up.show moreshow less

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Author details:Carl Heneghan, Alison Ward, Rafael Perera, Clare Bankhead, Alice Fuller, Richard Stevens, Kairen Bradford, Sally Tyndel, Pablo Alonso-Coello, Jack Ansell, Rebecca Beyth, Artur Bernardo, Thomas Decker Christensen, Manon Cromheecke, Robert G Edson, David Fitzmaurice, Alain PA Gadisseur, Josep M Garcia-Alamino, Chris Gardiner, Michael Hasenkam, Alan Jacobson, Scott Kaatz, Farhad Kamali, Tayyaba Irfan Khan, Eve Knight, Heinrich Kortke, Marcel Levi, David Bruce Matchar, Barbara Menendez-Jandula, Ivo Rakovac, Christian Schaefer, Andrea Siebenhofer, Juan Carlos Souto, Rubina Sunderji, Kenneth Gin, Karen Shalansky, Heinz VöllerORCiDGND, Otto Wagner, Armin Zittermann
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61294-4
ISSN:0140-6736
Title of parent work (English):The lancet
Publisher:Elsevier
Place of publishing:New York
Publication type:Article
Language:English
Year of first publication:2012
Publication year:2012
Creating corporation:Self-Monitoring Trialist Collabora
Release date:2017/03/26
Volume:379
Issue:9813
Number of pages:13
First page:322
Last Page:334
Funding institution:UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR); UK NIHR National School for Primary Care Research; National Institute for Health Research Technology Assessment Programme (NIHR HTA; UK); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Alere ITC; NIHR; University of Florida; Department of Veterans Affairs; US National Institutes of Health; VA Cooperative Studies Program; Roche Diagnostics; Bayer Healthcare and Boehringer Ingelheim; Department of Haemotology, Antwerp University Hospital (Germany); Bayer Healthcare; Johnson Johnson; Edwards Lifesciences; Nycomed; National Board of Health; Anticoagulation Forum; Loma Linda Veterans Association for Research; Biosite Corporation; Boehringer Ingelheim; Daiichi Sankyo; Farallon Medical; Hemosene; Inverness Medical; Pfizer Medical; Quality Assured Services; Sanofi-Aventis; Tapestry Medical; GlaxoSmithKline; THINRS
Organizational units:Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät / Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften / Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften
Peer review:Referiert
Institution name at the time of the publication:Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät / Institut für Sportmedizin und Prävention
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