- We investigate the evolution of NOAA Active Region (AR) 11817 during 2013 August 10–12, when it developed a complex field configuration and produced four confined, followed by two eruptive, flares. These C-and-above flares are all associated with a magnetic flux rope (MFR) located along the major polarity inversion line, where shearing and converging photospheric flows are present. Aided by the nonlinear force-free field modeling, we identify the MFR through mapping magnetic connectivities and computing the twist number ${{ \mathcal T }}_{w}$ for each individual field line. The MFR is moderately twisted ($| {{ \mathcal T }}_{w}| \lt 2$) and has a well-defined boundary of high squashing factor Q. We found that the field line with the extremum $| {{ \mathcal T }}_{w}| $ is a reliable proxy of the rope axis, and that the MFR's peak $| {{ \mathcal T }}_{w}| $ temporarily increases within half an hour before each flare while it decreases after the flare peak for both confined and eruptive flares. This pre-flare increase in $| {{ \mathcal TWe investigate the evolution of NOAA Active Region (AR) 11817 during 2013 August 10–12, when it developed a complex field configuration and produced four confined, followed by two eruptive, flares. These C-and-above flares are all associated with a magnetic flux rope (MFR) located along the major polarity inversion line, where shearing and converging photospheric flows are present. Aided by the nonlinear force-free field modeling, we identify the MFR through mapping magnetic connectivities and computing the twist number ${{ \mathcal T }}_{w}$ for each individual field line. The MFR is moderately twisted ($| {{ \mathcal T }}_{w}| \lt 2$) and has a well-defined boundary of high squashing factor Q. We found that the field line with the extremum $| {{ \mathcal T }}_{w}| $ is a reliable proxy of the rope axis, and that the MFR's peak $| {{ \mathcal T }}_{w}| $ temporarily increases within half an hour before each flare while it decreases after the flare peak for both confined and eruptive flares. This pre-flare increase in $| {{ \mathcal T }}_{w}| $ has little effect on the AR's free magnetic energy or any other parameters derived for the whole region, due to its moderate amount and the MFR's relatively small volume, while its decrease after flares is clearly associated with the stepwise decrease in the whole region's free magnetic energy due to the flare. We suggest that ${{ \mathcal T }}_{w}$ may serve as a useful parameter in forewarning the onset of eruption, and therefore, the consequent space weather effects. The helical kink instability is identified as the prime candidate onset mechanism for the considered flares.…
MetadatenAuthor details: | Rui Liu, Bernhard KliemORCiDGND, Viacheslav S. Titov, Jun Chen, Yuming WangORCiD, Haimin Wang, Chang Liu, Yan Xu, Thomas Wiegelmann |
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DOI: | https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/818/2/148 |
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ISSN: | 0004-637X |
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ISSN: | 1538-4357 |
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Title of parent work (English): | The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics |
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Publisher: | IOP Publ. Ltd. |
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Place of publishing: | Bristol |
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Publication type: | Article |
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Language: | English |
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Year of first publication: | 2016 |
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Publication year: | 2016 |
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Release date: | 2020/03/22 |
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Tag: | Sun: corona; Sun: filaments, pominences; Sun: flares; Sun: magnetic fields; coronal mass ejections (CMEs) |
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Volume: | 818 |
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Number of pages: | 22 |
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Funding institution: | Thousand Young Talents Program of China, NSFC [41222031, 41474151]; NSFC [41131065]; CAS [KZZD-EW-01-4, 2012T1J0017]; fundamental research funds for the central universities; DFG; NSF SHINE program; NSF [AGS 1348513, 1408703]; NASA [NNX13AG13G, NNX13AF76G] |
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Organizational units: | Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät / Institut für Physik und Astronomie |
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Peer review: | Referiert |
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