Examining the Wind Shear Theory of Sporadic E With ICON/MIGHTI Winds and COSMIC-2 Radio Occultation Data

The wind shear theory is widely accepted as an explanation for the formation of a sporadic E (Es) layer, but the direct comparison of Es with the local wind shear has been limited due to the lack of neutral wind measurements. This study examines the role of the vertical wind shear for Es, using signal-to-noise ratio profiles from COSMIC-2 radio occultation measurements and concurrent measurements of neutral wind profiles from the Ionospheric Connection Explorer. It is observed that the Es occurrence rate and average S4 index are correlated with the negative vertical shear of the eastward wind, providing observational support for the wind shear theory. Es can be observed even when the vertical wind shear is positive, which is interpreted as metallic ion layers generated at an earlier time.

Metadaten
Author details:	Yosuke Yamazaki ORCiD, Christina Arras, Satoshi Andoh ORCiD, Yasunobu Miyoshi ORCiD, Hiroyuki Shinagawa ORCiD, Brian J. Harding ORCiD, Christoph R. Englert ORCiD, Thomas J. Immel ORCiD, Sahar Sobhkhiz-Miandehi ORCiD, Claudia Stolle ORCiD GND
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096202
ISSN:	0094-8276
ISSN:	1944-8007
Title of parent work (English):	Geophysical research letters
Publisher:	American Geophysical Union
Place of publishing:	Hoboken, NJ
Publication type:	Article
Language:	English
Date of first publication:	2021/12/28
Publication year:	2021
Release date:	2024/11/29
Tag:	COSMIC-2; GAIA; ICON; MIGHTI; Sporadic E; Vertical wind shear
Volume:	49
Issue:	1
Article number:	e2021GL096202
Number of pages:	11
Funding institution:	NASA's Explorers Program [NNG12FA45C, NNG12FA42I]; JSPS; DFG; [YA-574-3-1]; DFG Priority Program Dynamic Earth [SPP 1788, AR953/1-2];; Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [20H00197, 20K04037] Funding; Source: KAKEN
Organizational units:	Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät / Institut für Geowissenschaften
DDC classification:	5 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / 55 Geowissenschaften, Geologie / 550 Geowissenschaften
Peer review:	Referiert
License (German):	CC-BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International