TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herrmann, Matthias L.
A1  - Boden, Cindy
A1  - Maurer, Christoph
A1  - Kentischer, Felix
A1  - Mennig, Eva
A1  - Wagner, Sören
A1  - Conzelmann, Lars O.
A1  - Förstner, Bernd R.
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - von Arnim, Christine A. F.
A1  - Denkinger, Michael
A1  - Eschweiler, Gerhard W.
A1  - Thomas, Christine
T1  - Anticholinergic drug exposure increases the risk of delirium in older patients undergoing elective surgery
JF  - Frontiers in medicine
N2  - IntroductionPostoperative delirium (POD) is a common and serious adverse event of surgery in older people. Because of its great impact on patients' safety and quality of life, identification of modifiable risk factors could be useful. Although preoperative medication intake is assumed to be an important modifiable risk factor, the impact of anticholinergic drugs on the occurrence of POD seems underestimated in elective surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between preoperative anticholinergic burden and POD. We hypothesized that a high preoperative anticholinergic burden is an independent, potentially modifiable predisposing and precipitating factor of POD in older people. MethodsBetween November 2017 and April 2019, 1,470 patients of 70 years and older undergoing elective orthopedic, general, cardiac, or vascular surgery were recruited in the randomized, prospective, multicenter PAWEL trial. Anticholinergic burden of a sub-cohort of 899 patients, who did not receive a multimodal intervention for preventing POD, was assessed by two different tools at hospital admission: The established Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS) and the recently developed Anticholinergic Burden Score (ABS). POD was detected by confusion assessment method (CAM) and a validated post discharge medical record review. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between anticholinergic burden and POD. ResultsPOD was observed in 210 of 899 patients (23.4%). Both ARS and ABS were independently associated with POD. The association persisted after adjustment for relevant confounding factors such as age, sex, comorbidities, preoperative cognitive and physical status, number of prescribed drugs, surgery time, type of surgery and anesthesia, usage of heart-lung-machine, and treatment in intensive care unit. If a patient was taking one of the 56 drugs listed in the ABS, risk for POD was 2.7-fold higher (OR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.55-4.94) and 1.5-fold higher per additional point on the ARS (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.15-2.02). ConclusionPreoperative anticholinergic drug exposure measured by ARS or ABS was independently associated with POD in older patients undergoing elective surgery. Therefore, identification, discontinuation or substitution of anticholinergic medication prior to surgery may be a promising approach to reduce the risk of POD in older patients.
KW  - delirium
KW  - acute encephalopathy
KW  - surgery
KW  - anticholinergic
KW  - geriatric
KW  - postoperative
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.871229
SN  - 2296-858X
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Balderjahn, Ingo
ED  - Boltz, Dirk-Mario
ED  - Bruhn, Manfred
ED  - Gröppel-Klein, Andrea
ED  - Hellmann, Kai-Uwe
T1  - Anti-Consumption und Nachhaltigkeit
T2  - Marke, Nachhaltigkeit und Verbraucherpolitik : Die Gewährleistungsmarke im Spannungsfeld zwischen Unternehmen, Konsumenten und Regulierung
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 978-3-7489-1271-2
SN  - 978-3-8487-7261-2
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748912712-29
SP  - 29
EP  - 40
PB  - Nomos
CY  - Baden-Baden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ilicic, Doris
A1  - Woodhouse, Jason Nicholas
A1  - Karsten, Ulf
A1  - Zimmermann, Jonas
A1  - Wichard, Thomas
A1  - Quartino, Maria Liliana
A1  - Campana, Gabriela Laura
A1  - Livenets, Alexandra
A1  - Van den Wyngaert, Silke
A1  - Grossart, Hans-Peter
T1  - Antarctic Glacial Meltwater Impacts the Diversity of Fungal Parasites Associated With Benthic Diatoms in Shallow Coastal Zones
JF  - Frontiers in microbiology
N2  - Aquatic ecosystems are frequently overlooked as fungal habitats, although there is increasing evidence that their diversity and ecological importance are greater than previously considered. Aquatic fungi are critical and abundant components of nutrient cycling and food web dynamics, e.g., exerting top-down control on phytoplankton communities and forming symbioses with many marine microorganisms. However, their relevance for microphytobenthic communities is almost unexplored. In the light of global warming, polar regions face extreme changes in abiotic factors with a severe impact on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Therefore, this study aimed to describe, for the first time, fungal diversity in Antarctic benthic habitats along the salinity gradient and to determine the co-occurrence of fungal parasites with their algal hosts, which were dominated by benthic diatoms. Our results reveal that Ascomycota and Chytridiomycota are the most abundant fungal taxa in these habitats. We show that also in Antarctic waters, salinity has a major impact on shaping not just fungal but rather the whole eukaryotic community composition, with a diversity of aquatic fungi increasing as salinity decreases. Moreover, we determined correlations between putative fungal parasites and potential benthic diatom hosts, highlighting the need for further systematic analysis of fungal diversity along with studies on taxonomy and ecological roles of Chytridiomycota.
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - aquatic fungi
KW  - Chytridiomycota
KW  - phytoplankton host
KW  - salinity gradient
KW  - Illumina amplicon sequencing
KW  - Carlini Station
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.805694
SN  - 1664-302X
IS  - 13
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tran, Son Cao
A1  - Pontelli, Enrico
A1  - Balduccini, Marcello
A1  - Schaub, Torsten
T1  - Answer set planning
BT  - a survey
JF  - Theory and practice of logic programming
N2  - Answer Set Planning refers to the use of Answer Set Programming (ASP) to compute plans, that is, solutions to planning problems, that transform a given state of the world to another state. The development of efficient and scalable answer set solvers has provided a significant boost to the development of ASP-based planning systems. This paper surveys the progress made during the last two and a half decades in the area of answer set planning, from its foundations to its use in challenging planning domains. The survey explores the advantages and disadvantages of answer set planning. It also discusses typical applications of answer set planning and presents a set of challenges for future research.
KW  - planning
KW  - knowledge representation and reasoning
KW  - logic programming
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1471068422000072
SN  - 1471-0684
SN  - 1475-3081
PB  - Cambridge University Press
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wang, Wei
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
A1  - Cherstvy, Andrey G.
T1  - Anomalous diffusion, aging, and nonergodicity of scaled Brownian motion with fractional Gaussian noise: overview of related experimental observations and models
JF  - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : PCCP ; a journal of European chemical societies
N2  - How does a systematic time-dependence of the diffusion coefficient D(t) affect the ergodic and statistical characteristics of fractional Brownian motion (FBM)? Here, we answer this question via studying the characteristics of a set of standard statistical quantifiers relevant to single-particle-tracking (SPT) experiments. We examine, for instance, how the behavior of the ensemble- and time-averaged mean-squared displacements-denoted as the standard MSD < x(2)(Delta)> and TAMSD <<(delta(2)(Delta))over bar>> quantifiers-of FBM featuring < x(2) (Delta >> = <<(delta(2)(Delta >)over bar>> proportional to Delta(2H) (where H is the Hurst exponent and Delta is the [lag] time) changes in the presence of a power-law deterministically varying diffusivity D-proportional to(t) proportional to t(alpha-1) -germane to the process of scaled Brownian motion (SBM)-determining the strength of fractional Gaussian noise. The resulting compound "scaled-fractional" Brownian motion or FBM-SBM is found to be nonergodic, with < x(2)(Delta >> proportional to Delta(alpha+)(2H)(-1) and <(delta 2(Delta >) over bar > proportional to Delta(2H). We also detect a stalling behavior of the MSDs for very subdiffusive SBM and FBM, when alpha + 2H - 1 < 0. The distribution of particle displacements for FBM-SBM remains Gaussian, as that for the parent processes of FBM and SBM, in the entire region of scaling exponents (0 < alpha < 2 and 0 < H < 1). The FBM-SBM process is aging in a manner similar to SBM. The velocity autocorrelation function (ACF) of particle increments of FBM-SBM exhibits a dip when the parent FBM process is subdiffusive. Both for sub- and superdiffusive FBM contributions to the FBM-SBM process, the SBM exponent affects the long-time decay exponent of the ACF. Applications of the FBM-SBM-amalgamated process to the analysis of SPT data are discussed. A comparative tabulated overview of recent experimental (mainly SPT) and computational datasets amenable for interpretation in terms of FBM-, SBM-, and FBM-SBM-like models of diffusion culminates the presentation. The statistical aspects of the dynamics of a wide range of biological systems is compared in the table, from nanosized beads in living cells, to chromosomal loci, to water diffusion in the brain, and, finally, to patterns of animal movements.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cp01741e
SN  - 1463-9076
SN  - 1463-9084
VL  - 24
IS  - 31
SP  - 18482
EP  - 18504
PB  - RSC Publ.
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dieterich, Peter
A1  - Lindemann, Otto
A1  - Moskopp, Mats Leif
A1  - Tauzin, Sebastien
A1  - Huttenlocher, Anna
A1  - Klages, Rainer
A1  - Chechkin, Aleksei V.
A1  - Schwab, Albrecht
T1  - Anomalous diffusion and asymmetric tempering memory in neutrophil chemotaxis
JF  - PLoS Computational Biology : a new community journal
N2  - Neutrophil granulocytes are essential for the first host defense. After leaving the blood circulation they migrate efficiently towards sites of inflammation. They are guided by chemoattractants released from cells within the inflammatory foci. On a cellular level, directional migration is a consequence of cellular front-rear asymmetry which is induced by the concentration gradient of the chemoattractants. The generation and maintenance of this asymmetry, however, is not yet fully understood. Here we analyzed the paths of chemotacting neutrophils with different stochastic models to gain further insight into the underlying mechanisms. Wildtype chemotacting neutrophils show an anomalous superdiffusive behavior. CXCR2 blockade and TRPC6-knockout cause the tempering of temporal correlations and a reduction of chemotaxis. Importantly, such tempering is found both in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate that the maintenance of anomalous dynamics is crucial for chemotactic behavior and the search efficiency of neutrophils. 
The motility of neutrophils and their ability to sense and to react to chemoattractants in their environment are of central importance for the innate immunity. Neutrophils are guided towards sites of inflammation following the activation of G-protein coupled chemoattractant receptors such as CXCR2 whose signaling strongly depends on the activity of Ca2+ permeable TRPC6 channels. It is the aim of this study to analyze data sets obtained in vitro (murine neutrophils) and in vivo (zebrafish neutrophils) with a stochastic mathematical model to gain deeper insight into the underlying mechanisms. The model is based on the analysis of trajectories of individual neutrophils. Bayesian data analysis, including the covariances of positions for fractional Brownian motion as well as for exponentially and power-law tempered model variants, allows the estimation of parameters and model selection. Our model-based analysis reveals that wildtype neutrophils show pure superdiffusive fractional Brownian motion. This so-called anomalous dynamics is characterized by temporal long-range correlations for the movement into the direction of the chemotactic CXCL1 gradient. Pure superdiffusion is absent vertically to this gradient. This points to an asymmetric 'memory' of the migratory machinery, which is found both in vitro and in vivo. CXCR2 blockade and TRPC6-knockout cause tempering of temporal correlations in the chemotactic gradient. This can be interpreted as a progressive loss of memory, which leads to a marked reduction of chemotaxis and search efficiency of neutrophils. In summary, our findings indicate that spatially differential regulation of anomalous dynamics appears to play a central role in guiding efficient chemotactic behavior.
KW  - neutrophils
KW  - chemotaxis
KW  - autocorrelation
KW  - zebrafish
KW  - cell migration
KW  - covariance
KW  - brownian motion
KW  - stochastic processes
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010089
SN  - 1553-734X
SN  - 1553-7358
VL  - 18
IS  - 5
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mitsch, Wolfgang
T1  - Angriffsprovokation und Nothilfe
JF  - Juristische Schulung
N2  - "Angriffsprovokation" ist die Bezeichnung für eine Fallgruppe der sog. sozialethischen Notwehreinschränkungen. Dieses Thema ist extrem prüfungsrelevant und wegen seiner Komplexität bei Studierenden wahrscheinlich gefürchtet. Rechtsprechung und Literatur dazu sind nahezu uferlos. Eine spezielle Konstellation lauerte aber bis jetzt im Verborgenen, weil Lehrbücher über sie hinweggehen und die Rechtsprechung noch keine Gelegenheit hatte, zu ihr Stellung zu nehmen: die „Nothilfeprovokation“. Nunmehr liegt eine BGH-Entscheidung vor, in deren Mittelpunkt dieses Thema steht. Wahrscheinlich werden Verfasser von Prüfungsaufgaben sich davon gern inspirieren lassen. Leser der folgenden Abhandlung sollten solchen „Prüferattacken“ furchtlos entgegensehen können.
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 0022-6939
VL  - 62
IS  - 1
SP  - 18
EP  - 23
PB  - C.H. Beck
CY  - München
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rothermel, Ann-Kathrin
T1  - Angriffe auf die Changengleichheit
BT  - das Wechselspiel zwischen Feminismus und Antifeminismus
JF  - Welttrends : das außenpolitische Journal
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 978-3-947802-84-5
SN  - 0944-8101
VL  - 30
IS  - 185
SP  - 28
EP  - 33
PB  - WeltTrends
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rothermel, Ann-Kathrin
T1  - Angriffe auf die Chancengleichheit
BT  - das Wechselspiel zwischen Feminismus und Anti-Feminismus
JF  - Welt-Trends : Zeitschrift für internationale Politik
N2  - „Gender-Ideologie“ und „Gender-Wahn“– diese Begriffe entstammen einem antifeministischen Diskurs, der ohne Bedrohungsszenarien nicht funktioniert. Feministische Errungenschaften – wie die Ehe für alle – werden zur Ursache persönlicher Nachteile umgedeutet. Seine Vertreter*innen verbreiten ihre (oft gewaltvollen) Narrative sowohl auf der Straße als auch im Internet. Antifeministische Bewegungen weisen zudem vielfältige Querverbindungen mit konservativen, nationalistischen, fundamentalreligiösen und faschistischen Diskursen auf.
KW  - Bedrohungsvorstellung
KW  - Chancengleichheit
KW  - Erde
KW  - Feminismus
KW  - Meinungsbildung
KW  - politische Einstellung
KW  - politische Kultur
Y1  - 2022
UR  - https://www.wiso-net.de/document/WTRE__4155401a13a04ba8a79c6fa7a1f3d368beed24c7
SN  - 0944-8101
VL  - 30
IS  - 185
SP  - 28
EP  - 33
PB  - WeltTrends - Potsdamer Wissenschaftsverlag
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lucena-Perez, María
A1  - Bazzicalupo, Enrico
A1  - Paijmans, Johanna
A1  - Kleinman-Ruiz, Daniel
A1  - Dalén, Love
A1  - Hofreiter, Michael
A1  - Delibes, Miguel
A1  - Clavero, Miguel
A1  - Godoy, José A.
T1  - Ancient genome provides insights into the history of Eurasian lynx in Iberia and Western Europe
JF  - Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal
N2  - The Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) is one of the most widely distributed felids in the world. However, most of its populations started to decline a few millennia ago. Historical declines have been especially severe in Europe, and particularly in Western Europe, from where the species disappeared in the last few centuries. Here, we analyze the genome of an Eurasian lynx inhabiting the Iberian Peninsula 2500 ya, to gain insights into the phylogeographic position and genetic status of this extinct population. Also, we contextualize previous ancient data in the light of new phylogeographic studies of the species. Our results suggest that the Iberian population is part of an extinct European lineage closely related to the current Carpathian-Baltic lineages. Also, this sample holds the lowest diversity reported for the species so far, and similar to that of the highly endangered Iberian lynx. A combination of historical factors, such as a founder effect while colonizing the peninsula, together with intensified human impacts during the Holocene in the Cantabrian strip, could have led to a genetic impoverishment of the population and precipitated its extinction. Mitogenomic lineages distribution in space and time support the long-term coexistence of several lineages of Eurasian lynx in Western Europe with fluctuating ranges. While mitochondrial sequences related to the lineages currently found in Balkans and Caucasus were predominant during the Pleistocene, those more closely related to the lineage currently distributed in Central Europe prevailed during the Holocene. The use of ancient genomics has proven to be a useful tool to understand the biogeographic pattern of the Eurasian lynx in the past.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107518
SN  - 0277-3791
SN  - 1873-457X
VL  - 285
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoffmann, Falk
A1  - Machatschek, Rainhard Gabriel
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
T1  - Analytical model and Monte Carlo simulations of polymer degradation with improved chain cut statistics
JF  - Journal of materials research : JMR
N2  - The degradation of polymers is described by mathematical models based on bond cleavage statistics including the decreasing probability of chain cuts with decreasing average chain length. We derive equations for the degradation of chains under a random chain cut and a chain end cut mechanism, which are compared to existing models. The results are used to predict the influence of internal molecular parameters. It is shown that both chain cut mechanisms lead to a similar shape of the mass or molecular mass loss curve. A characteristic time is derived, which can be used to extract the maximum length of soluble fragments l of the polymer. We show that the complete description is needed to extract the degradation rate constant k from the molecular mass loss curve and that l can be used to design polymers that lose less mechanical stability before entering the mass loss phase.
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Degradable
KW  - Polymer
KW  - Molecular weight
KW  - Simulation
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-022-00495-4
SN  - 0884-2914
SN  - 2044-5326
VL  - 37
IS  - 5
SP  - 1093
EP  - 1101
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Rakpenthai, Apidet
T1  - Analysis of the regulation of the sulfur responsive genese, SD11 and SD 12
Y1  - 2022
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Türker, Elif
A1  - Cotton, Fabrice
A1  - Pilz, Marco
A1  - Weatherill, Graeme
T1  - Analysis of the 2019 Mw 5.8 Silivri earthquake ground motions
BT  - evidence of systematic azimuthal variations associated with directivity effects
JF  - Seismological research letters
N2  - The main Marmara fault (MMF) extends for 150 km through the Sea of Marmara and forms the only portion of the North Anatolian fault zone that has not ruptured in a large event (Mw >7) for the last 250 yr. Accordingly, this portion is potentially a major source contributing to the seismic hazard of the Istanbul region. On 26 September 2019, a sequence of moderate-sized events started along the MMF only 20 km south of Istanbul and were widely felt by the population. The largest three events, 26 September Mw 5.8 (10:59 UTC), 26 September 2019 Mw 4.1 (11:26 UTC), and 20 January 2020 Mw 4.7 were recorded by numerous strong-motion seismic stations and the resulting ground motions were compared to the predicted means resulting from a set of the most recent ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs). The estimated residuals were used to investigate the spatial variation of ground motion across the Marmara region. Our results show a strong azimuthal trend in ground-motion residuals, which might indicate systematically repeating directivity effects toward the eastern Marmara region.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1785/0220210168
SN  - 0895-0695
SN  - 1938-2057
VL  - 93
IS  - 2A
SP  - 693
EP  - 705
PB  - Seismological Society of America
CY  - Boulder, Colo.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Arkes, Hal R.
A1  - Aberegg, Scott K.
A1  - Arpin, Kevin A.
T1  - Analysis of physicians' probability estimates of a medical outcome based on a sequence of events
JF  - JAMA network open / American Medical Association
N2  - IMPORTANCE
The probability of a conjunction of 2 independent events is the product of the probabilities of the 2 components and therefore cannot exceed the probability of either component; violation of this basic law is called the conjunction fallacy. A common medical decision-making scenario involves estimating the probability of a final outcome resulting from a sequence of independent events; however, little is known about physicians' ability to accurately estimate the overall probability of success in these situations.

OBJECTIVE
To ascertain whether physicians are able to correctly estimate the overall probability of a medical outcome resulting from 2 independent events. 

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This survey study consisted of 3 separate substudies, in which 215 physicians were asked via internet-based survey to estimate the probability of success of each of 2 components of a diagnostic or prognostic sequence as well as the overall probability of success of the 2-step sequence. Substudy 1 was performed from April 2 to 4, 2021, substudy 2 from November 2 toll, 2021, and substudy 3 from May 13 to 19, 2021. All physicians were board certified or board eligible in the primary specialty germane to the substudy (ie, obstetrics and gynecology for substudies land 3 and pulmonology for substudy 2), were recruited from a commercial survey service, and volunteered to participate in the study. 

EXPOSURES
Case scenarios presented in an online survey.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Respondents were asked to provide their demographic information in addition to 3 probability estimates. The first substudy included a scenario describing a brow presentation discovered during labor; the 2 conjuncts were the probabilities that the brow presentation would resolve and that the delivery would be vaginal. The second substudy involved a diagnostic evaluation of an incidentally discovered pulmonary nodule; the 2 conjuncts were the probabilities that the patient had a malignant condition and that a technically successful transthoracic needle biopsy would reveal a malignant condition. The third substudy included a modification of the first substudy in an attempt to debias the conjunction fallacy prevalent in the first substudy. Respondents' own probability estimates of the individual events were used to calculate the mathematically correct conjunctive probability.

RESULTS
Among 215 respondents, the mean (SD) age was 54.0 (9.5) years; 142 respondents (66.0%) were male. Data on race and ethnicity were not collected. A total of 168 physicians (78.1%) estimated the probability of the 2-step sequence to be greater than the probability of at least 1 of the 2 component events. Compared with the product of their 2 estimated components, respondents overestimated the combined probability by 12.8% (95% CI, 9.6%-16.1%; P < .001) in substudy 1, 19.8% (95% Cl, 16.6%-23.0%; P < .001) in substudy 2, and 18.0% (95% CI, 13.4%-22.5%; P < .001) in substudy 3, results that were mathematically incoherent (ie, formally illogical and mathematically incorrect). 

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
 In this survey study of 215 physicians, respondents consistently overestimated the combined probability of 2 events compared with the probability calculated from their own estimates of the individual events. This biased estimation, consistent with the conjunction fallacy, may have substantial implications for diagnostic and prognostic decision-making.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.18804
SN  - 2574-3805
VL  - 5
IS  - 6
PB  - American Veterinary Medical Association
CY  - Chicago
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Knoche, Lisa
A1  - Lisec, Jan
A1  - Koch, Matthias
T1  - Analysis of electrochemical and liver microsomal transformation products of lasalocid by LC/HRMS
JF  - Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM
N2  - Rationale:
Lasalocid (LAS), an ionophore, is used in cattle and poultry farming as feed additive for its antibiotic and growth-promoting properties. Literature on transformation products (TP) resulting from LAS degradation is limited. So far, only hydroxylation is found to occur as the metabolic reaction during the LAS degradation. To investigate potential TPs of LAS, we used electrochemistry (EC) and liver microsome (LM) assays to synthesize TPs, which were identified using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS). 

Methods:
Electrochemically produced TPs were analyzed online by direct coupling of the electrochemical cell to the electrospray ionization (ESI) source of a Sciex Triple-TOF high resolution mass spectrometer. Then, EC-treated LAS solution was collected and analyzed offline using LC/HRMS to confirm stable TPs and improve their annotation with a chemical structure due to informative MS/MS spectra. In a complementary approach, TPs formed by rat and human microsomal incubation were investigated using LC/HRMS. The resulting data were used to investigate LAS modification reactions and elucidate the chemical structure of obtained TPs.

Results:
The online measurements identified a broad variety of TPs, resulting from modification reactions like (de-)hydrogenation, hydration, methylation, oxidation as well as adduct formation with methanol. We consistently observed different ion complexations of LAS and LAS-TPs (Na+; 2Na(+) K+; NaNH4+; KNH4+). Two stable methylated EC-TPs were found, structurally annotated, and assigned to a likely modification reaction. Using LM incubation, seven TPs were formed, mostly by oxidation/hydroxylation. After the identification of LM-TPs as Na+-complexes, we identified LM-TPs as K+-complexes.

Conclusion:
We identified and characterized TPs of LAS using EC- and LM-based methods. Moreover, we found different ion complexes of LAS-based TPs. This knowledge, especially the different ion complexes, may help elucidate the metabolic and environmental degradation pathways of LAS.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.9349
SN  - 0951-4198
SN  - 1097-0231
VL  - 36
IS  - 18
PB  - Wiley
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vorogushyn, Sergiy
A1  - Apel, Heiko
A1  - Kemter, Matthias
A1  - Thieken, Annegret
T1  - Analyse der Hochwassergefährdung im Ahrtal unter Berücksichtigung historischer Hochwasser
T1  - Analysis of flood hazard in the Ahr Valley considering historical floods
JF  - Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung
N2  - The flood disaster in July 2021 in western Germany calls for a critical discussion on flood hazard assessment, revision of flood hazard maps and communication of extreme flood scenarios. In the presented work, extreme value analysis was carried out for annual maximum peak flow series at the Altenahr gauge on the river Ahr. We compared flood statistics with and without considering historical flood events. An estimate for the return period of the recent flood based on the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution considering historical floods ranges between about 2600 and above 58700 years (90% confidence interval) with a median of approximately 8600 years, whereas an estimate based on the 74-year long systematically recorded flow series would theoretically exceed 100 million years. Consideration of historical floods dramatically changes the flood quantiles that are used for the generation of official flood hazard maps. The fitting of the GEV to the time series with historical floods reveals, however, that the model potentially inadequately reflects the flood population. In this case, we might face a mixed sample, in which extreme floods result from very different processes compared to smaller floods. Hence, the probabilities of extreme floods could be much larger than those resulting from a single GEV model. The application of a process-based mixed flood distribution should be explored in future work. <br /> The comparison of the official HQextrem flood maps for the AhrValley with the inundation areas from July 2021 shows a striking discrepancy in the affected areas and calls for revision of design values used to define extreme flood scenarios. The hydrodynamic simulations of a 1000-year return period flood considering historical events and of the 1804 flood scenario compare much better to the flooded areas from July 2021, though both scenarios still underestimated the flood extent. <br /> Particular effects such as clogging of bridges and geomorphological changes of the river channel led to considerably larger flooded areas in July 2021 compared to the simulation results. Based on this analysis, we call for a consistent definition of HQextrem for flood hazard mapping in Germany, and suggest using high flood quantiles in the range of a 1,000-year flood. Flood maps should additionally include model-based reconstructions of the largest, reliably documented historical floods and/or synthetic worst-case scenarios. This would be an important step towards protecting potentially affected population and disaster management from surprises due to very rare and extreme flood events in future.
N2  - Die Hochwasserkatastrophe im Juli 2021 in Westdeutschland erfordert eine kritische Diskussion über die Abschätzung der Hochwassergefährdung, Aktualisierung von Hochwassergefahrenkarten und Kommunikation von extremen Hochwasserszenarien. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Extremwertstatistik für die jährlichen maximalen Spitzenabflüsse am Pegel Altenahr im Ahrtal mit und ohne Berücksichtigung historischer Hochwasser berechnet und verglichen. Die Schätzung der Wiederkehrperiode für das aktuelle Hochwasser mittels Generalisierter Extremwertverteilung (GEV) unter Berücksichtigung historischer Hochwasser schwankt zwischen etwa 2.600 und über 58.700 Jahren (90%-Konfidenzintervall) mit einem Median bei etwa 8.600 Jahren, wogegen die Schätzung, die nur auf der systematisch gemessenen Abflusszeitreihe von 74 Jahren basiert, theoretisch eine Wiederkehrperiode von über 100 Millionen Jahren ergeben würde. Die Berücksichtigung der historischen Hochwasser führt zu einer dramatischen Änderung der Hochwasserquan-
tile, die für eine Gefahrenkartierung zugrunde gelegt werden. Die Anpassung der GEV an die Zeitreihe mit historischen Hochwassern zeigt dennoch, dass das GEV-Modell möglicherweise die Grundgesamtheit der Hochwasser im Ahrtal nicht adäquat abbilden kann. Es könnte sich im vorliegenden Fall um eine gemischte Stichprobe handeln, in der die extremen Hochwasser im Vergleich zu kleineren Ereignissen durch besondere Prozesse hervorgerufen werden. Somit könnten die Wahrscheinlichkeiten von extremen Hochwassern deutlich größer sein, als aus dem GEV-Modell hervorgeht. Hier sollte in Zukunft die Anwendung einer prozessbasierten Mischverteilung
untersucht werden. Der Vergleich von amtlichen Gefahrenkarten zu Extremhochwassern (HQextrem) im Ahrtal mit den Überflutungsflächen vom Juli 2021
zeigt eine deutliche Diskrepanz in den betroffenen Gebieten und die Notwendigkeit, die Grundlagen zur Erstellung der Extremszenarien zu überdenken. Die hydrodynamisch-numerischen Simulationen von 1.000-jährlichen Hochwassern (HQ1000) unter Berücksichtigung historischer Ereignisse und des größten historischen Hochwassers 1804 können die Gefährdung des Juli-Hochwassers 2021 deutlich besser widerspiegeln, wenngleich auch diese beiden Szenarien die Überflutungsflächen unterschätzen. Besondere Effekte wie die Verklausung von Brücken und die geomorphologischen Änderungen im Flussschlauch führten zu noch größeren Überflutungs- flächen im Juli 2021, als die Simulationsergebnisse zeigten. Basierend auf dieser Analyse wird eine einheitliche Festlegung von HQextrem bei Hochwassergefahrenkartierungen in Deutschland vorgeschlagen, die sich an höheren Hochwasserquantilen im Bereich von HQ1000 orientiert. Zusätzlich sollen simulationsbasierte Rekonstruktionen von den größten verlässlich dokumentierten historischen Hochwassern und/oder synthetische Worst-Case-Szenarien in den Hochwassergefahrenkarten gesondert dargestellt werden. Damit wird ein wichtiger Beitrag geleistet, um die potenziell betroffene Bevölkerung und das Katastrophenmanagement vor Überraschungen durch sehr seltene und extreme Hochwasser in Zukunft besser zu schützen.
KW  - Extreme value statistics
KW  - historical floods
KW  - flood hazard mapping;
KW  - inundation simulation
KW  - Ahr River
KW  - Extremwertstatistik
KW  - historische Hochwasser
KW  - Gefahrenkarten
KW  - Überflutungssimulation
KW  - Ahr
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5675/HyWa_2022.5_2
SN  - 1439-1783
VL  - 66
IS  - 5
SP  - 244
EP  - 254
PB  - Bundesanst. für Gewässerkunde
CY  - Koblenz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Göttlich, Richard
A1  - Graulich, Nicole
A1  - Huwer, Johannes
A1  - Banerji, Amitabh
T1  - Analog und digital
BT  - Chemieunterricht mit Potenzial
JF  - Chemie konkret : CHEMKON ; Forum für Unterricht und Didaktik
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ckon.202200046
SN  - 0944-5846
SN  - 1521-3730
VL  - 29
SP  - 182
EP  - 182
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ullrich, André
A1  - Vladova, Gergana
A1  - Marquart, Danny
A1  - Braun, Andreas
A1  - Gronau, Norbert
T1  - An overwiew of benefits and risks in open innovation projects and the influence of intermediary participation, decision-making authority, experience, and position on their perception
JF  - International journal of innovation management : IJIM
N2  - This paper presents an exploratory study investigating the influence of the factors (1) intermediary participation, (2) decision-making authority, (3) position in the enterprise, and (4) experience in open innovation on the perception and assessment of the benefits and risks expected from participating in open innovation projects. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The result of this paper is an empirical evidence showing whether and how these factors affect the perception of potential benefits and risks expected within the context of open innovation project participation. Furthermore, the identified effects are discussed against the theory. Existing theory regarding the benefits and risks of open innovation is expanded by (1) finding that they are perceived mostly independently of the factors, (2) confirming the practical relevance of benefits and risks, and (3) enabling a finer distinction between their degrees of relevance according to respective contextual specifics.
KW  - Open innovation
KW  - intermediaries
KW  - benefits
KW  - decision-making
KW  - experience;
KW  - risks
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919622500128
SN  - 1363-9196
SN  - 1757-5877
VL  - 26
IS  - 02
PB  - World Scientific Publ.
CY  - Singapore
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wanckel, Camilla
T1  - An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure
BT  - building capacities for the use of big data algorithm systems (BDAS) in early crisis detection
JF  - Government information quarterly
N2  - Public sector organizations at all levels of government increasingly rely on Big Data Algorithmic Systems (BDAS) to support decision-making along the entire policy cycle. But while our knowledge on the use of big data continues to grow for government agencies implementing and delivering public services, empirical research on applications for anticipatory policy design is still in its infancy. Based on the concept of policy analytical capacity (PAC), this case study examines the application of BDAS for early crisis detection within the German Federal Government—that is, the German Federal Foreign Office (FFO) and the Federal Ministry of Defence (FMoD). It uses the nested model of PAC to reflect on systemic, organizational, and individual capacity-building from a neoinstitutional perspective and allow for the consideration of embedded institutional contexts. Results from semi-structured interviews indicate that governments seeking to exploit BDAS in policymaking depend on their institutional environment (e.g., through research and data governance infrastructure). However, specific capacity-building strategies may differ according to the departments' institutional framework, with the FMoD relying heavily on subordinate agencies and the FFO creating network-like structures with external researchers. Government capacity-building at the individual and organizational level is similarly affected by long-established institutional structures, roles, and practices within the organization and beyond, making it important to analyze these three levels simultaneously instead of separately.
KW  - big data algorithm system (BDAS)
KW  - artificial intelligence (AI)
KW  - early crisis detection
KW  - policymaking
KW  - policy analytical capacity (PAC)
KW  - central government organizations
KW  - neo-institutionalism
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101705
SN  - 0740-624X
SN  - 1872-9517
VL  - 39
IS  - 4
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tartivel, Lucile
A1  - Blocki, Anna M.
A1  - Braune, Steffen
A1  - Jung, Friedrich
A1  - Behl, Marc
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
T1  - An Inverse shape-memory hydrogel scaffold switching upon cooling in a tissue-tolerated temperature range
JF  - Advanced materials interfaces
N2  - Tissue reconstruction has an unmet need for soft active scaffolds that enable gentle loading with regeneration-directing bioactive components by soaking up but also provide macroscopic dimensional stability. Here microporous hydrogels capable of an inverse shape-memory effect (iSME) are described, which in contrast to classical shape-memory polymers (SMPs) recover their permanent shape upon cooling. These hydrogels are designed as covalently photo cross-linked polymer networks with oligo(ethylene glycol)-oligo(propylene glycol)-oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG-OPG-OEG) segments. When heated after deformation, the OEG-OPG-OEG segments form micelles fixing the temporary shape. Upon cooling, the micelles dissociate again, the deformation is reversed and the permanent shape is obtained. Applicability of this iSME is demonstrated by the gentle loading of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) without causing any platelet activation during this process. PRP is highly bioactive and is widely acknowledged for its regenerative effects. Hence, the microporous inverse shape-memory hydrogel (iSMH) with a cooling induced pore-size effect represents a promising candidate scaffold for tissue regeneration for potential usage in minimally invasive surgery applications.
KW  - active scaffold
KW  - critical micellation temperature
KW  - hydrogel
KW  - inverse
KW  - shape-memory effect
KW  - platelet-rich plasma
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202101588
SN  - 2196-7350
VL  - 9
IS  - 6
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  -