TY - CHAP A1 - Tjaden, Jasper ED - Zapata-Barrero, Ricard ED - Vintila, Daniela T1 - Social media data and migration research T2 - How to do migration research : how to research guides N2 - In 2022, there were 4.62 billion social media users worldwide. Social media generates a wealth of data which migration scholars have recently started to explore in pursuit of a variety of methodological and thematic research questions. Scholars use social media data to estimate migration stocks, forecast migration flows, or recruit migrants for targeted online surveys. Social media has also been used to understand how migrants get information about their planned journeys and destination countries, how they organize and mobilize online, how migration issues are politicized online, and how migrants integrate culturally into destination countries by sharing common interests. While social media data drives innovative research, it also poses severe challenges regarding data privacy, data protection, and methodological questions relating to external validity. In this chapter, I briefly introduce various strands of migration research using social media data and discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and opportunities. KW - social media KW - big data KW - digital KW - migration KW - Facebook KW - mobility Y1 - 2024 SN - 9781035306855 SN - 9781035306848 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035306855.00023 SP - 116 EP - 124 PB - Edward Elgar Publishing CY - Cheltenham, UK ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hähnchen, Susanne T1 - Uwe Wesel † 2. Februar 1933–11. September 2023 T2 - Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Romanistische Abteilung Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/zrgr-2024-0039 SN - 0323-4096 VL - 141 IS - 1 SP - 700 EP - 703 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tjaden, Jasper A1 - Heidland, Tobias T1 - Did Merkel’s 2015 decision attract more migration to Germany? JF - European journal of political research N2 - In 2015, German Chancellor Angela Merkel decided to allow over a million asylum seekers to cross the border into Germany. One key concern was that her decision would signal an open-door policy to aspiring migrants worldwide – thus further increasing migration to Germany and making the country permanently more attractive to irregular and humanitarian migrants. This ‘pull-effect’ hypothesis has been a mainstay of policy discussions ever since. With the continued global rise in forced displacement, not appearing welcoming to migrants has become a guiding principle for the asylum policy of many large receiving countries. In this article, we exploit the unique case study that Merkel's 2015 decision provides for answering the fundamental question of whether welcoming migration policies have sustained effects on migration towards destination countries. We analyze an extensive range of data on migration inflows, migration aspirations and online search interest between 2000 and 2020. The results reject the ‘pull effect’ hypothesis while reaffirming states’ capacity to adapt to changing contexts and regulate migration. KW - migration KW - policy KW - refugee KW - pull effect KW - Germany Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12669 SN - 0304-4130 SN - 1475-6765 VL - 0 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine A1 - Franzke, Jochen A1 - Peters, Niklas A1 - Dumas, Benoît Paul T1 - Institutional designs and dynamics of crisis governance at the local level BT - European governments facing the polycrisis JF - Policy design and practice N2 - This article analyses the institutional design variants of local crisis governance responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and their entanglement with other locally impactful crises from a cross-country comparative perspective (France, Germany, Poland, Sweden, and the UK/England). The pandemic offers an excellent empirical lens for scrutinizing the phenomenon of polycrises governance because it occurred while European countries were struggling with the impacts of several prior, ongoing, or newly arrived crises. Our major focus is on institutional design variants of crisis governance (dependent variable) and the influence of different administrative cultures on it (independent variable). Furthermore, we analyze the entanglement and interaction of institutional responses to other (previous or parallel) crises (polycrisis dynamics). Our findings reveal a huge variance of institutional designs, largely evoked by country-specific administrative cultures and profiles. The degree of de-/centralization and the intensity of coordination or decoupling across levels of government differs significantly by country. Simultaneously, all countries were affected by interrelated and entangled crises, resulting in various patterns of polycrisis dynamics. While policy failures and “fatal remedies” from previous crises have partially impaired the resilience and crisis preparedness of local governments, we have also found some learning effects from previous crises. KW - polycrisis KW - pandemic KW - local government KW - intergovernmental relations KW - public administration KW - crisis management KW - Germany KW - France KW - Poland KW - Sweden KW - United Kingdom Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2024.2344784 SN - 2574-1292 SP - 1 EP - 21 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kraft, Julia T1 - Soziales Vertragsrecht BT - Freiheit beschränken, um sie zu ermöglichen JF - Impulse Spezial Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.romanherzoginstitut.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs-Publikationen/Impulse_SPEZIAL/RHI_Impulse_Spezial_2023_Soziales_Vertragsrecht_Julia_Kraft.pdf SP - 4 EP - 5 PB - Roman Herzog Institut e.V. CY - München ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kraft, Julia ED - Wachter, Thomas ED - Heckschen, Heribert T1 - § 16 Internationales und Europäisches Gesellschaftsrecht T2 - Praxis des Handels- und Gesellschaftsrechts Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-7508-0030-4 SP - 2223 EP - 2294 PB - ZAP CY - [Bonn] ET - 6. Auflage ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wolf, Hannah ED - Genz, Carolin ED - Schnur, Olaf ED - Aring, Jürgen T1 - Zuhause T2 - WohnWissen : 100 Begriffe des Wohnens Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-98612-038-2 SN - 978-3-98612-041-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783986120412 SP - 240 EP - 241 PB - Jovis CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gutzeit, Lilly Joan A1 - Tiberius, Victor T1 - Business and management research on the motion picture industry BT - a bibliometric analysis JF - Journalism and media N2 - The motion picture industry is subject to extensive business and management research conducted on a wide range of topics. Due to high research productivity, it is challenging to keep track of the abundance of publications. Against this background, we employ a bibliographic coupling analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding of current research topics. The following themes were defined: Key factors for success, word of mouth and social media, organizational and pedagogical dimensions, advertising—product placement and online marketing, tourism, the influence of data, the influence of culture, revenue maximization and purchase decisions, and the perception and identification of audiences. Based on the cluster analysis, we suggest the following future research opportunities: Exploring technological innovations, especially the influence of social media and streaming platforms in the film industry; the in-depth analysis of the use of artificial intelligence in film production, both in terms of its creative potential and ethical and legal challenges; the exploration of the representation of wokeness and minorities in films and their cultural and economic significance; and, finally, a detailed examination of the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and other crises on the film industry, especially in terms of changed consumption habits and structural adjustments. KW - bibliometric analysis KW - business researc KW - films KW - movies KW - literature review KW - motion pictures Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia4040076 SN - 2673-5172 VL - 4 IS - 4 SP - 1198 EP - 1210 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Geiß, Robin A1 - Li, Yao ED - Zimmermann, Andreas ED - Terje, Einarsen T1 - Testimonium 1951 Convention/Article XI 1967 Protocol T2 - The 1951 Convention relating to the status of refugees and its 1967 Protocol N2 - This chapter covers the function of Testimonium to the 1951 Convention and Article XI of the 1967 Protocol. It looks into the relevance of the 1951 Convetion's testimonium. The testimonium primarily focuses on the Convetion's authentic languages, regulation of deposition, and certified true copies being delivered to all members of the UN and non-member States. On the other hand, Article XI contains the standard procedures for regulating the deposition of a copy of the 1967 Protocol in the Secretariat of the United Nations and foreseeing the transmission of certified copies thereof by the Secretary general. The chapter mentions how both elements are not commonly explicitly indicated in modern treaties. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://opil.ouplaw.com/display/10.1093/law/9780192855114.001.0001/law-9780192855114-chapter-69 SN - 978-0-19-285511-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192855114.001.0001 SP - 1819 EP - 1824 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ET - Second edition ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Brodeur, Abel A1 - Mikola, Derek A1 - Cook, Nikolai A1 - Brailey, Thomas A1 - Briggs, Ryan A1 - Gendre, Alexandra de A1 - Dupraz, Yannick A1 - Fiala, Lenka A1 - Gabani, Jacopo A1 - Gauriot, Romain A1 - Haddad, Joanne A1 - Lima, Goncalo A1 - Ankel-Peters, Jörg A1 - Dreber, Anna A1 - Campbell, Douglas A1 - Kattan, Lamis A1 - Fages, Diego Marino A1 - Mierisch, Fabian A1 - Sun, Pu A1 - Wright, Taylor A1 - Connolly, Marie A1 - Hoces de la Guardia, Fernando A1 - Johannesson, Magnus A1 - Miguel, Edward A1 - Vilhuber, Lars A1 - Abarca, Alejandro A1 - Acharya, Mahesh A1 - Adjisse, Sossou Simplice A1 - Akhtar, Ahwaz A1 - Lizardi, Eduardo Alberto Ramirez A1 - Albrecht, Sabina A1 - Andersen, Synve Nygaard A1 - Andlib, Zubaria A1 - Arrora, Falak A1 - Ash, Thomas A1 - Bacher, Etienne A1 - Bachler, Sebastian A1 - Bacon, Félix A1 - Bagues, Manuel A1 - Balogh, Timea A1 - Batmanov, Alisher A1 - Barschkett, Mara A1 - Basdil, B. Kaan A1 - Dower, Jaromneda A1 - Castek, Ondrej A1 - Caviglia-Harris, Jill A1 - Strand, Gabriella Chauca A1 - Chen, Shi A1 - Chzhen, Asya A1 - Chung, Jong A1 - Collins, Jason A1 - Coppock, Alexander A1 - Cordeau, Hugo A1 - Couillard, Ben A1 - Crechet, Jonathan A1 - Crippa, Lorenzo A1 - Cui, Jeanne A1 - Czymara, Christian A1 - Daarstad, Haley A1 - Dao, Danh Chi A1 - Dao, Dong A1 - Schmandt, Marco David A1 - Linde, Astrid de A1 - Melo, Lucas De A1 - Deer, Lachlan A1 - Vera, Micole De A1 - Dimitrova, Velichka A1 - Dollbaum, Jan Fabian A1 - Dollbaum, Jan Matti A1 - Donnelly, Michael A1 - Huynh, Luu Duc Toan A1 - Dumbalska, Tsvetomira A1 - Duncan, Jamie A1 - Duong, Kiet Tuan A1 - Duprey, Thibaut A1 - Dworschak, Christoph A1 - Ellingsrud, Sigmund A1 - Elminejad, Ali A1 - Eissa, Yasmine A1 - Erhart, Andrea A1 - Etingin-Frati, Giulian A1 - Fatemi-Pour, Elaheh A1 - Federice, Alexa A1 - Feld, Jan A1 - Fenig, Guidon A1 - Firouzjaeiangalougah, Mojtaba A1 - Fleisje, Erlend A1 - Fortier-Chouinard, Alexandre A1 - Engel, Julia Francesca A1 - Fries, Tilman A1 - Fortier, Reid A1 - Fréchet, Nadjim A1 - Galipeau, Thomas A1 - Gallegos, Sebastián A1 - Gangji, Areez A1 - Gao, Xiaoying A1 - Garnache, Cloé A1 - Gáspár, Attila A1 - Gavrilova, Evelina A1 - Ghosh, Arijit A1 - Gibney, Garreth A1 - Gibson, Grant A1 - Godager, Geir A1 - Goff, Leonard A1 - Gong, Da A1 - González, Javier A1 - Gretton, Jeremy A1 - Griffa, Cristina A1 - Grigoryeva, Idaliya A1 - Grtting, Maja A1 - Guntermann, Eric A1 - Guo, Jiaqi A1 - Gugushvili, Alexi A1 - Habibnia, Hooman A1 - Häffner, Sonja A1 - Hall, Jonathan D. A1 - Hammar, Olle A1 - Kordt, Amund Hanson A1 - Hashimoto, Barry A1 - Hartley, Jonathan S. A1 - Hausladen, Carina I. A1 - Havránek, Tomáš A1 - Hazen, Jacob A1 - He, Harry A1 - Hepplewhite, Matthew A1 - Herrera-Rodriguez, Mario A1 - Heuer, Felix A1 - Heyes, Anthony A1 - Ho, Anson T. Y. A1 - Holmes, Jonathan A1 - Holzknecht, Armando A1 - Hsu, Yu-Hsiang Dexter A1 - Hu, Shiang-Hung A1 - Huang, Yu-Shiuan A1 - Huebener, Mathias A1 - Huber, Christoph A1 - Huynh, Kim P. A1 - Irsova, Zuzana A1 - Isler, Ozan A1 - Jakobsson, Niklas A1 - Frith, Michael James A1 - Jananji, Raphaël A1 - Jayalath, Tharaka A. A1 - Jetter, Michael A1 - John, Jenny A1 - Forshaw, Rachel Joy A1 - Juan, Felipe A1 - Kadriu, Valon A1 - Karim, Sunny A1 - Kelly, Edmund A1 - Dang, Duy Khanh Hoang A1 - Khushboo, Tazia A1 - Kim, Jin A1 - Kjellsson, Gustav A1 - Kjelsrud, Anders A1 - Kotsadam, Andreas A1 - Korpershoek, Jori A1 - Krashinsky, Lewis A1 - Kundu, Suranjana A1 - Kustov, Alexander A1 - Lalayev, Nurlan A1 - Langlois, Audrée A1 - Laufer, Jill A1 - Lee-Whiting, Blake A1 - Leibing, Andreas A1 - Lenz, Gabriel A1 - Levin, Joel A1 - Li, Peng A1 - Li, Tongzhe A1 - Lin, Yuchen A1 - Listo, Ariel A1 - Liu, Dan A1 - Lu, Xuewen A1 - Lukmanova, Elvina A1 - Luscombe, Alex A1 - Lusher, Lester R. A1 - Lyu, Ke A1 - Ma, Hai A1 - Mäder, Nicolas A1 - Makate, Clifton A1 - Malmberg, Alice A1 - Maitra, Adit A1 - Mandas, Marco A1 - Marcus, Jan A1 - Margaryan, Shushanik A1 - Márk, Lili A1 - Martignano, Andres A1 - Marsh, Abigail A1 - Masetto, Isabella A1 - McCanny, Anthony A1 - McManus, Emma A1 - McWay, Ryan A1 - Metson, Lennard A1 - Kinge, Jonas Minet A1 - Mishra, Sumit A1 - Mohnen, Myra A1 - Möller, Jakob A1 - Montambeault, Rosalie A1 - Montpetit, Sébastien A1 - Morin, Louis-Philippe A1 - Morris, Todd A1 - Moser, Scott A1 - Motoki, Fabio A1 - Muehlenbachs, Lucija A1 - Musulan, Andreea A1 - Musumeci, Marco A1 - Nabin, Munirul A1 - Nchare, Karim A1 - Neubauer, Florian A1 - Nguyen, Quan M. P. A1 - Nguyen, Tuan A1 - Nguyen-Tien, Viet A1 - Niazi, Ali A1 - Nikolaishvili, Giorgi A1 - Nordstrom, Ardyn A1 - Nü, Patrick A1 - Odermatt, Angela A1 - Olson, Matt A1 - ien, Henning A1 - Ölkers, Tim A1 - Vert, Miquel Oliver i. A1 - Oral, Emre A1 - Oswald, Christian A1 - Ousman, Ali A1 - Özak, Ömer A1 - Pandey, Shubham A1 - Pavlov, Alexandre A1 - Pelli, Martino A1 - Penheiro, Romeo A1 - Park, RyuGyung A1 - Martel, Eva Pérez A1 - Petrovičová, Tereza A1 - Phan, Linh A1 - Prettyman, Alexa A1 - Procházka, Jakub A1 - Putri, Aqila A1 - Quandt, Julian A1 - Qiu, Kangyu A1 - Nguyen, Loan Quynh Thi A1 - Rahman, Andaleeb A1 - Rea, Carson H. A1 - Reiremo, Adam A1 - Renée, Laëtitia A1 - Richardson, Joseph A1 - Rivers, Nicholas A1 - Rodrigues, Bruno A1 - Roelofs, William A1 - Roemer, Tobias A1 - Rogeberg, Ole A1 - Rose, Julian A1 - Roskos-Ewoldsen, Andrew A1 - Rosmer, Paul A1 - Sabada, Barbara A1 - Saberian, Soodeh A1 - Salamanca, Nicolas A1 - Sator, Georg A1 - Sawyer, Antoine A1 - Scates, Daniel A1 - Schlüter, Elmar A1 - Sells, Cameron A1 - Sen, Sharmi A1 - Sethi, Ritika A1 - Shcherbiak, Anna A1 - Sogaolu, Moyosore A1 - Soosalu, Matt A1 - Srensen, Erik A1 - Sovani, Manali A1 - Spencer, Noah A1 - Staubli, Stefan A1 - Stans, Renske A1 - Stewart, Anya A1 - Stips, Felix A1 - Stockley, Kieran A1 - Strobel, Stephenson A1 - Struby, Ethan A1 - Tang, John A1 - Tanrisever, Idil A1 - Yang, Thomas Tao A1 - Tastan, Ipek A1 - Tatić, Dejan A1 - Tatlow, Benjamin A1 - Seuyong, Féraud Tchuisseu A1 - Thériault, Rémi A1 - Thivierge, Vincent A1 - Tian, Wenjie A1 - Toma, Filip-Mihai A1 - Totarelli, Maddalena A1 - Tran, Van-Anh A1 - Truong, Hung A1 - Tsoy, Nikita A1 - Tuzcuoglu, Kerem A1 - Ubfal, Diego A1 - Villalobos, Laura A1 - Walterskirchen, Julian A1 - Wang, Joseph Taoyi A1 - Wattal, Vasudha A1 - Webb, Matthew D. A1 - Weber, Bryan A1 - Weisser, Reinhard A1 - Weng, Wei-Chien A1 - Westheide, Christian A1 - White, Kimberly A1 - Winter, Jacob A1 - Wochner, Timo A1 - Woerman, Matt A1 - Wong, Jared A1 - Woodard, Ritchie A1 - Wroński, Marcin A1 - Yazbeck, Myra A1 - Yang, Gustav Chung A1 - Yap, Luther A1 - Yassin, Kareman A1 - Ye, Hao A1 - Yoon, Jin Young A1 - Yurris, Chris A1 - Zahra, Tahreen A1 - Zaneva, Mirela A1 - Zayat, Aline A1 - Zhang, Jonathan A1 - Zhao, Ziwei A1 - Yaolang, Zhong T1 - Mass reproducibility and replicability BT - a new hope T2 - I4R discussion paper series N2 - This study pushes our understanding of research reliability by reproducing and replicating claims from 110 papers in leading economic and political science journals. The analysis involves computational reproducibility checks and robustness assessments. It reveals several patterns. First, we uncover a high rate of fully computationally reproducible results (over 85%). Second, excluding minor issues like missing packages or broken pathways, we uncover coding errors for about 25% of studies, with some studies containing multiple errors. Third, we test the robustness of the results to 5,511 re-analyses. We find a robustness reproducibility of about 70%. Robustness reproducibility rates are relatively higher for re-analyses that introduce new data and lower for re-analyses that change the sample or the definition of the dependent variable. Fourth, 52% of re-analysis effect size estimates are smaller than the original published estimates and the average statistical significance of a re-analysis is 77% of the original. Lastly, we rely on six teams of researchers working independently to answer eight additional research questions on the determinants of robustness reproducibility. Most teams find a negative relationship between replicators' experience and reproducibility, while finding no relationship between reproducibility and the provision of intermediate or even raw data combined with the necessary cleaning codes. KW - conomics KW - open science KW - political science KW - replication KW - reproduction KW - research transparency Y1 - 2024 SN - 2752-1931 IS - 107 PB - Institute for Replication CY - Essen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Geiß, Robin A1 - Li, Yao ED - Zimmermann, Andreas ED - Terje, Einarsen T1 - Article 46 1951 Convention/Article X 1967 Protocol T2 - The 1951 Convention relating to the status of refugees and its 1967 Protocol N2 - This chapter focuses on Article 46 of the 1951 Convention and Article X of the 1967 Protocol. It explains the depository of a treaty playing an essential procedural role in ensuring the smooth operation of a multilateral treaty. Article 46 enumerates the Secretary-General's function as a depositary performed by the Treaty Section of the Office of Legal Affairs in the United Nations Secretariat. Similarly, Article X confirms and details the Secretary-General's designation and role as depositary of the 1967 Protocol. The chapter mentions that the enumeration of Article X's depositary notification is exemplary instead of conclusive. It examines the depositoary notifications of declarations, signatures, and researvations under Article 46 and Article X. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://opil.ouplaw.com/display/10.1093/law/9780192855114.001.0001/law-9780192855114-chapter-68 SN - 978-0-19-285511-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192855114.001.0001 SP - 1813 EP - 1818 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ET - Second edition ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Geiß, Robin A1 - Li, Yao ED - Zimmermann, Andreas ED - Terje, Einarsen T1 - Article 44 1951 Convention/Article IX 1967 Protocol T2 - The 1951 Convention relating to the status of refugees and its 1967 Protocol N2 - This chapter examines the extent of the 1951 Convention's Article 44 and the 1967 Protocol's Article IX. It starts with identifying the standard denunciation clause in Article 44 and Article IX. Multilateral treaties of unlimited duration allow States parties an unconditional right to withdraw. A denunciation releases the denouncing party from any obligation further to perform the treaty in relation to the other parties of the 1967 Protocol. The chapter clarifies that denunciation or withdrawal expresses the same legal concept since it is a procedure initiated unilaterally by a State that wants to terminate its legal engagements under a treaty. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://opil.ouplaw.com/display/10.1093/law/9780192855114.001.0001/law-9780192855114-chapter-66 SN - 978-0-19-285511-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192855114.001.0001 SP - 1791 EP - 1796 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ET - Second edition ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Geiß, Robin A1 - Li, Yao ED - Zimmermann, Andreas ED - Terje, Einarsen T1 - Article 43 1951 Convention/Article VIII 1967 Protocol T2 - The 1951 Convention relating to the status of refugees and its 1967 Protocol N2 - This chapter tackles the analysis and function of Article 43 of the 1951 Convention and Article VIII of the 1967 Protocol. It explains that a multilateral treaty can be enforced when met with necessary conditions, such as the Article 24 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT). The provision also regulates the 1951 Convention's entry into force of States' ratification or accession. The chapter notes that the 1967 Protocol entered into force after Sweden deposited its instrument of accession. It elaborates on the specific details needed for the ratification or accession prior to the entry into force. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://opil.ouplaw.com/display/10.1093/law/9780192855114.001.0001/law-9780192855114-chapter-65 SN - 978-0-19-285511-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192855114.001.0001 SP - 1787 EP - 1790 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ET - Second edition ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Siedler, Thomas A1 - Anger, Silke A1 - Christoph, Bernhard A1 - Galkiewicz, Agata Danuta A1 - Margaryan, Shushanik A1 - Peter, Frauke A1 - Sandner, Malte T1 - War, international spillovers, and adolescents BT - evidence from Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 T2 - Discussion paper series N2 - Using novel longitudinal data, this paper studies the short- and medium-term effects of Russia's invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022 on social trust of adolescents in Germany. Comparing adolescents who responded to our survey shortly before the start of the war with those who responded shortly after the conflict began and applying difference-in-differences (DiD) models over time, we find a significant decline in the outcome after the war started. These findings provide new evidence on how armed conflicts influence social trust and well-being among young people in a country not directly involved in the war. KW - war KW - trust KW - social capital KW - Russia’s invasion of Ukraine Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/16921/war-international-spillovers-and-adolescents-evidence-from-russias-invasion-of-ukraine-in-2022 SN - 2365-9793 N1 - published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2024, 224, 181-193 VL - No. 16921 PB - IZA CY - Bonn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Geiß, Robin A1 - Li, Yao ED - Zimmermann, Andreas ED - Terje, Einarsen T1 - Article 39 1951 Convention/Article V 1967 Protocol T2 - The 1951 Convention relating to the status of refugees and its 1967 Protocol N2 - This chapter looks into the 1951 Convention's Article 39 and the 1967 Protocol's Article V. In 2000, the Secretary-General identified the 1951 Convention as belonging to a core group of 25 multilateral treaties representative of the key objectives of the UN and the spirit of its Charter. Additionally, the rules found in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) apply to the 1951 Convention as a matter of customary international law. On the other hand, the 1967 Protocol does not amend the 1951 Convention but binds its parties to observe the substantive provisions. The chapter cites that the 1967 Protocol constitutes an independent and complete international instrument that is open not only to the States parties to the 1951 Convention. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://opil.ouplaw.com/display/10.1093/law/9780192855114.001.0001/law-9780192855114-chapter-61 SN - 978-0-19-285511-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192855114.001.0001 SP - 1693 EP - 1706 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ET - Second edition ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Marx, Reinhard A1 - Li, Yao ED - Zimmermann, Andreas ED - Terje, Einarsen T1 - Article 34 1951 Convention T2 - The 1951 Convention relating to the status of refugees and its 1967 protocol N2 - This chapter tackles the features and historical development of the 1951 Convention's Article 34. It explains the function of the provision, which primarily focuses on requesting Contracting States to facilitate the assimilation and naturalization of refugees. Moreover, the provision forms the legal bases for local integration and naturalization as some of the traditional durable solutions to refugeehood. The soft obligation imposed by Article 34 primarily focuses on the long-term solution by naturalization. The chapter then elaborates on the balance between local integration, naturalization, and voluntary return after it was disrupted due to the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://opil.ouplaw.com/display/10.1093/law/9780192855114.001.0001/law-9780192855114-chapter-56 SN - 978-0-19-285511-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192855114.001.0001 SP - 1585 EP - 1604 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ET - Second edition ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas A1 - Stern, Rebecca Thorburn ED - Zimmermann, Andreas ED - Terje, Einarsen T1 - Article 22 1951 Convention T2 - The 1951 Convention relating to the status of refugees and its 1967 Protocol N2 - This chapter covers the 1951 Convention's Article 22. It explains the provision's aim to grant refugees access to the contracting States' national educational systems. Moreover, Article 22 encompasses learning at all different levels of education in schools, universities, and other educational institutions. However, the provision does not address any issues related to the upbringing of children by their parents. The chapter mentions the relevancy of Article 22 when it comes to durable solutions for refugees in an effort to enable them to integrate into the host country's society. It also discusses the drafting history, declarations, and reservations of Article 22 and the instruments used prior to the 1951 Convention. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://opil.ouplaw.com/display/10.1093/law/9780192855114.001.0001/law-9780192855114-chapter-43 SN - 978-0-19-285511-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192855114.001.0001 SP - 1201 EP - 1226 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ET - Second edition ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Li, Yao ED - Zimmermann, Andreas ED - Terje, Einarsen T1 - Article 1 E 1951 Convention T2 - The 1951 Convention relating to the status of refugees and its 1967 protocol N2 - This chapter elaborates on the function of Article 1 E of the 1951 Convention, which was originally aimed at German refugees. It refers to a special group of people who qualify for refugee status but enjoy the rights of national citizens despite their lack of formal citizenship. The article's object and purpose revolve around excluding persons from refugee protection who do not need any international protection since they have the status of national citizens. Additionally, access to refugee status is excluded ipso facto because the individual may resort to effective protection similar to that of citizenship upon being admitted to the country of sojourn. The chapter explains how Article 1 E is an integral part of the balanced system of international refugee protection prescribed by the Convention. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://opil.ouplaw.com/display/10.1093/law/9780192855114.001.0001/law-9780192855114-chapter-17 SN - 978-0-19-285511-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192855114.001.0001 SP - 669 EP - 678 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ET - Second edition ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas A1 - Herrmann, Franziska M. ED - Zimmermann, Andreas ED - Terje, Einarsen T1 - Article 1 A, para. 2 1951 Convention T2 - The 1951 Convention relating to the status of refugees and its 1967 Protocol N2 - This chapter focuses on the features of Article 1's paragraph 1 of the 1951 Convention. The article primarily determines the scope of application of the Convention's ratione personae while outlining the basis of the protection of refugees. Additionally, Article 1 addresses the concerns surrounding the inclusion, cessation, and exclusion of refugees. The chapter then tackles the historical development of the article by considering the instruments used prior to the 1951 Convention. It also cites that the Constitution of the International Refugee Organization appears to contain an ambiguity as to how the refugee notion was perceived, so refugees only became the IRO Constitution's concern when they have valid objections to returning to their home country. Y1 - 2024 UR - https://opil.ouplaw.com/display/10.1093/law/9780192855114.001.0001/law-9780192855114-chapter-13 SN - 978-0-19-285511-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192855114.001.0001 SP - 359 EP - 556 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ET - Second edition ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ambos, Kai A1 - Bock, Stefanie A1 - Geneuss, Julia A1 - Jeßberger, Florian A1 - Kreß, Claus A1 - Oeter, Stefan A1 - Paulus, Andreas A1 - Talmon, Stefan A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas T1 - Without fear or favour BT - for an effective international criminal court T2 - Verfassungsblog : on matters constitutional Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.59704/eea458648230c9df SN - 2366-7044 PB - Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aktas, Berfin A1 - Stede, Manfred T1 - Anaphoric distance in oral and written language BT - Experimental evidence JF - Discours : revue de linguistique, psycholinguistique et informatique N2 - We investigate the variation in oral and written language in terms of anaphoric distance (i.e., the textual distance between anaphors and their antecedents), expanding corpus-based research with experimental evidence. Contrastive corpus studies demonstrate that oral genres include longer average anaphoric distance than written genres, if the distance is measured in terms of clauses (Fox, 1987; Aktas & Stede, 2020). We designed an experiment in order to examine the contrasts in oral and written mediums, using the same genre. We aim to gain more insight about the impact of the medium, in a situation where both mediums convey a similar level of spontaneity, informality and interactivity. We designed a story continuation study, where the participants are recruited via crowdsourcing. To our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind, where anaphoric distance is manipulated systematically in a language production experiment in order to examine medium distinctions. We observed that participants use more pronouns in oral medium than in written medium if the anaphoric distance is long. This result is in line with the implications of the earlier corpus-based research. In addition, our results indicate that anaphoric distance has a larger effect in referential choice for the written medium. KW - anaphora KW - anaphoric distance KW - referential choice KW - production medium KW - oral KW - written KW - story continuation KW - crowdsourcing Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4000/discours.12383 SN - 1963-1723 IS - 31 PB - Université de Paris-Sorbonne, Maion Recherche CY - Paris ER - TY - BOOK ED - Zimmermann, Andreas ED - Terje, Einarsen T1 - The 1951 Convention relating to the status of refugees and its 1967 Protocol T3 - Oxford commentaries on international law series N2 - The Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees adopted on 28 July 1951 in Geneva provides the most comprehensive codification of the rights of refugees yet attempted. Consolidating previous international instruments relating to refugees, the 1951 Convention with its 1967 Protocol marks a cornerstone in the development of international refugee law. At present, there are 144 States Parties to one or both of these instruments, expressing a worldwide consensus on the definition of the term refugee and the fundamental rights to be granted to refugees. These facts demonstrate and underline the extraordinary significance of these instruments as the indispensable legal basis of international refugee law. This Commentary provides for a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol on an article-by-article basis, exposing the interrelationship between the different articles and discussing the latest developments in international refugee law. In addition, several thematic contributions analyse questions of international refugee law which are of general significance, such as regional developments and the relationship between refugee law and the law of the sea. Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-0-19-285511-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192855114.001.0001 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ET - Second edition ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scianna, Bastian Matteo ED - Bartrop, Paul R. T1 - Directing the war from triumph to disaster BT - the German and Italian cases JF - The Routledge History of the Second World War N2 - After the Second World War, Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini were singled out as evil geniuses who misled the masses and plunged them into an “unwanted war.” In relation to their armed forces, this narrative argued that the generals under their command had been demoted to powerless tools in the hands of the dictators, having to follow orders and with no sway over decision-making. It was further asserted that Germany and Italy had not been able to secure a victory due to the dictators’ meddling. Yet, as this chapter shows, there are important differences between the German and Italian cases. The chapter compares both the command structures in which the dictators operated as well as their grand strategies and how they cooperated during the war. Their personal relationship will be also analyzed, as it is impossible to look at the Axis without understanding the complex personal relationship at the very top. The strategies of both Hitler and Mussolini will be looked at and how each leader behaved in terms of working with their closest ally, together with some examples of cooperation on the lower military rungs. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9780429455353 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429455353-16 SP - 181 EP - 194 PB - Routledge CY - Abingdon ER - TY - GEN A1 - Koethke, Kira T1 - Forschungsfreiheit im Strafprozess T2 - Verfassungsblog : on matters constitutional KW - Beschlagnahme KW - Deutschland KW - Forschungsfreiheit KW - Strafverfahren KW - Wissenschaftsfreiheit KW - Zeugnisverweigerungsrecht Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.59704/1e5535e98d06a19b SN - 2366-7044 PB - Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zass, Alexander T1 - Gibbs point processes on path space BT - existence, cluster expansion and uniqueness JF - Markov processes and related fields N2 - We present general existence and uniqueness results for marked models with pair interactions, exemplified through Gibbs point processes on path space. More precisely, we study a class of infinite-dimensional diffusions under Gibbsian interactions, in the context of marked point configurations: the starting points belong to R-d, and the marks are the paths of Langevin diffusions. We use the entropy method to prove existence of an infinite-volume Gibbs point process and use cluster expansion tools to provide an explicit activity domain in which uniqueness holds. KW - marked Gibbs point processes KW - DLR equations KW - uniqueness KW - cluster KW - expansion KW - infinite-dimensional diffusions Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.20347/WIAS.PREPRINT.2859 SN - 1024-2953 VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 329 EP - 364 PB - Polymat CY - Moscow ER - TY - GEN A1 - El Mahmoud, Khaled T1 - ‘Steadfast and unreserved’ BT - is Germany in breach of its obligation to ensure respect for international humanitarian law? T2 - Verfassungsblog : on matters constitutional Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.59704/b01ead5567535025 SN - 2366-7044 PB - Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Stockhorst, Stefanie A1 - Keller, Andreas T1 - Zum Tod von Prof. Dr. Knut Kiesant (1943–2022) T2 - Daphnis Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/18796583-12340071 SN - 0300-693X SN - 1879-6583 VL - 50 IS - 4 SP - 693 EP - 696 PB - Brill CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yaka, Özge ED - Mackert, Jürgen ED - Wolf, Hannah ED - Turner, Bryan S. T1 - Migration and democracy: Reclaiming democracy from its nativist/nationalist closure 1 JF - The condition of democracy. - Volume 2: Contesting citizenship N2 - In the last few years, we have been increasingly experiencing a discursive and practical use of the existing democratic structures as an instrument of anti-immigration anxiety and sentiment, from electoral support to right-wing populist parties to anti-immigrant, xenophobic, and/or racist mobilizations in and beyond the Western world. This article argues that the origins and political histories that the concepts of demos and democracy stand on provide a firm ground to resist the attempts at their current nativist/nationalist closure. Contesting the attempts to reduce the concepts of democracy and demos to strictly limited or ethnically defined populations, the article develops a political argument that relates democracy and migration, which have been represented as opposite poles within the current political map defined by the populist surge. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-0-367-74536-3 SN - 978-1-00-315837-0 SP - 54 EP - 68 PB - Routledge CY - Abingdon ER - TY - GEN A1 - Stockhorst, Stefanie T1 - Die Bibliothek des Mariengymnasiums Jever – ein Kosmos für sich. Abbildungen und Essays, edited by Hartmut Peters T2 - Daphnis Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/18796583-12340044 SN - 0300-693X SN - 1879-6583 VL - 50 IS - 1 SP - 163 EP - 165 PB - Brill CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sixtus, Elena A1 - Lindner, Nadja A1 - Lohse, Karoline A1 - Lonnemann, Jan T1 - Investigating the influence of body movements on children's mental arithmetic performance JF - Acta psychologica : international journal of psychonomics N2 - Several lines of research have demonstrated spatial-numerical associations in both adults and children, which are thought to be based on a spatial representation of numerical information in the form of a mental number line. The acquisition of increasingly precise mental number line representations is assumed to support arithmetic learning in children. It is further suggested that sensorimotor experiences shape the development of number concepts and arithmetic learning, and that mental arithmetic can be characterized as “motion along a path” and might constitute shifts in attention along the mental number line. The present study investigated whether movements in physical space influence mental arithmetic in primary school children, and whether the expected effect depends on concurrency of body movements and mental arithmetic. After turning their body towards the left or right, 48 children aged 8 to 10 years solved simple subtraction and addition problems. Meanwhile, they either walked or stood still and looked towards the respective direction. We report a congruency effect between body orientation and operation type, i.e., higher performance for the combinations leftward orientation and subtraction and rightward orientation and addition. We found no significant difference between walking and looking conditions. The present results suggest that mental arithmetic in children is influenced by preceding sensorimotor cues and not necessarily by concurrent body movements. KW - Mental number line KW - Horizontal space KW - Embodied cognition KW - Arithmetic skills Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104003 SN - 0001-6918 SN - 1873-6297 VL - 239 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Konak, Orhan A1 - van de Water, Robin A1 - Döring, Valentin A1 - Fiedler, Tobias A1 - Liebe, Lucas A1 - Masopust, Leander A1 - Postnov, Kirill A1 - Sauerwald, Franz A1 - Treykorn, Felix A1 - Wischmann, Alexander A1 - Gjoreski, Hristijan A1 - Luštrek, Mitja A1 - Arnrich, Bert T1 - HARE BT - unifying the human activity recognition engineering workflow JF - Sensors N2 - Sensor-based human activity recognition is becoming ever more prevalent. The increasing importance of distinguishing human movements, particularly in healthcare, coincides with the advent of increasingly compact sensors. A complex sequence of individual steps currently characterizes the activity recognition pipeline. It involves separate data collection, preparation, and processing steps, resulting in a heterogeneous and fragmented process. To address these challenges, we present a comprehensive framework, HARE, which seamlessly integrates all necessary steps. HARE offers synchronized data collection and labeling, integrated pose estimation for data anonymization, a multimodal classification approach, and a novel method for determining optimal sensor placement to enhance classification results. Additionally, our framework incorporates real-time activity recognition with on-device model adaptation capabilities. To validate the effectiveness of our framework, we conducted extensive evaluations using diverse datasets, including our own collected dataset focusing on nursing activities. Our results show that HARE’s multimodal and on-device trained model outperforms conventional single-modal and offline variants. Furthermore, our vision-based approach for optimal sensor placement yields comparable results to the trained model. Our work advances the field of sensor-based human activity recognition by introducing a comprehensive framework that streamlines data collection and classification while offering a novel method for determining optimal sensor placement. KW - human activity recognition KW - multimodal classification KW - privacy preservation KW - real-time classification KW - sensor placement Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239571 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 23 IS - 23 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Puchkov, Dmytro A1 - Müller, Paul Markus A1 - Lehmann, Martin A1 - Matthäus, Claudia T1 - Analyzing the cellular plasma membrane by fast and efficient correlative STED and platinum replica EM JF - Frontiers in cell and developmental biology N2 - The plasma membrane of mammalian cells links transmembrane receptors, various structural components, and membrane-binding proteins to subcellular processes, allowing inter- and intracellular communication. Therefore, membrane-binding proteins, together with structural components such as actin filaments, modulate the cell membrane in their flexibility, stiffness, and curvature. Investigating membrane components and curvature in cells remains challenging due to the diffraction limit in light microscopy. Preparation of 5–15-nm-thin plasma membrane sheets and subsequent inspection by metal replica transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal detailed information about the cellular membrane topology, including the structure and curvature. However, electron microscopy cannot identify proteins associated with specific plasma membrane domains. Here, we describe a novel adaptation of correlative super-resolution light microscopy and platinum replica TEM (CLEM-PREM), allowing the analysis of plasma membrane sheets with respect to their structural details, curvature, and associated protein composition. We suggest a number of shortcuts and troubleshooting solutions to contemporary PREM protocols. Thus, implementation of super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy offers significant reduction in sample preparation time and reduced technical challenges for imaging and analysis. Additionally, highly technical challenges associated with replica preparation and transfer on a TEM grid can be overcome by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. The combination of STED microscopy and platinum replica SEM or TEM provides the highest spatial resolution of plasma membrane proteins and their underlying membrane and is, therefore, a suitable method to study cellular events like endocytosis, membrane trafficking, or membrane tension adaptations. KW - plasma membrane KW - endocytosis KW - CLEM KW - STED KW - TEM KW - SEM KW - electron microscopy Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2023.1305680 SN - 2296-634X VL - 11 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Quarmby, Andrew A1 - Zhang, Martin A1 - Geisler, Moritz A1 - Javorsky, Tomas A1 - Mugele, Hendrik A1 - Cassel, Michael A1 - Lawley, Justin T1 - Risk factors and injury prevention strategies for overuse injuries in adult climbers BT - a systematic review JF - Frontiers in sports and active living N2 - Introduction Climbing is an increasingly popular activity and imposes specific physiological demands on the human body, which results in unique injury presentations. Of particular concern are overuse injuries (non-traumatic injuries). These injuries tend to present in the upper body and might be preventable with adequate knowledge of risk factors which could inform about injury prevention strategies. Research in this area has recently emerged but has yet to be synthesized comprehensively. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the potential risk factors and injury prevention strategies for overuse injuries in adult climbers. Methods This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Databases were searched systematically, and articles were deemed eligible based upon specific criteria. Research included was original and peer-reviewed, involving climbers, and published in English, German or Czech. Outcomes included overuse injury, and at least one or more variable indicating potential risk factors or injury prevention strategies. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed with the Downs and Black Quality Index. Data were extracted from included studies and reported descriptively for population, climbing sport type, study design, injury definition and incidence/prevalence, risk factors, and injury prevention strategies. Results Out of 1,183 records, a total of 34 studies were included in the final analysis. Higher climbing intensity, bouldering, reduced grip/finger strength, use of a “crimp” grip, and previous injury were associated with an increased risk of overuse injury. Additionally, a strength training intervention prevented shoulder and elbow injuries. BMI/body weight, warm up/cool downs, stretching, taping and hydration were not associated with risk of overuse injury. The evidence for the risk factors of training volume, age/years of climbing experience, and sex was conflicting. Discussion This review presents several risk factors which appear to increase the risk of overuse injury in climbers. Strength and conditioning, load management, and climbing technique could be targeted in injury prevention programs, to enhance the health and wellbeing of climbing athletes. Further research is required to investigate the conflicting findings reported across included studies, and to investigate the effectiveness of injury prevention programs. Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, PROSPERO (CRD42023404031). KW - climbing KW - bouldering KW - overuse injuries KW - risk factors KW - injury prevention KW - systematic reveiw KW - climbing injuries Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.1269870 SN - 2624-9367 VL - 5 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Langary, Damoun A1 - Küken, Anika A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran T1 - The effective deficiency of biochemical networks JF - Scientific reports N2 - The deficiency of a (bio)chemical reaction network can be conceptually interpreted as a measure of its ability to support exotic dynamical behavior and/or multistationarity. The classical definition of deficiency relates to the capacity of a network to permit variations of the complex formation rate vector at steady state, irrespective of the network kinetics. However, the deficiency is by definition completely insensitive to the fine details of the directionality of reactions as well as bounds on reaction fluxes. While the classical definition of deficiency can be readily applied in the analysis of unconstrained, weakly reversible networks, it only provides an upper bound in the cases where relevant constraints on reaction fluxes are imposed. Here we propose the concept of effective deficiency, which provides a more accurate assessment of the network’s capacity to permit steady state variations at the complex level for constrained networks of any reversibility patterns. The effective deficiency relies on the concept of nonstoichiometric balanced complexes, which we have already shown to be present in real-world biochemical networks operating under flux constraints. Our results demonstrate that the effective deficiency of real-world biochemical networks is smaller than the classical deficiency, indicating the effects of reaction directionality and flux bounds on the variation of the complex formation rate vector at steady state. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-41767-1 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 13 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Küken, Anika A1 - Treves, Haim A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran T1 - A simulation-free constrained regression approach for flux estimation in isotopically nonstationary metabolic flux analysis with applications in microalgae JF - Frontiers in plant science : FPLS N2 - Introduction Flux phenotypes from different organisms and growth conditions allow better understanding of differential metabolic networks functions. Fluxes of metabolic reactions represent the integrated outcome of transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications, and directly affect growth and fitness. However, fluxes of intracellular metabolic reactions cannot be directly measured, but are estimated via metabolic flux analysis (MFA) that integrates data on isotope labeling patterns of metabolites with metabolic models. While the application of metabolomics technologies in photosynthetic organisms have resulted in unprecedented data from 13CO2-labeling experiments, the bottleneck in flux estimation remains the application of isotopically nonstationary MFA (INST-MFA). INST-MFA entails fitting a (large) system of coupled ordinary differential equations, with metabolite pools and reaction fluxes as parameters. Here, we focus on the Calvin-Benson cycle (CBC) as a key pathway for carbon fixation in photosynthesizing organisms and ask if approaches other than classical INST-MFA can provide reliable estimation of fluxes for reactions comprising this pathway. Methods First, we show that flux estimation with the labeling patterns of all CBC intermediates can be formulated as a single constrained regression problem, avoiding the need for repeated simulation of time-resolved labeling patterns. Results We then compare the flux estimates of the simulation-free constrained regression approach with those obtained from the classical INST-MFA based on labeling patterns of metabolites from the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella sorokiniana and Chlorella ohadii under different growth conditions. Discussion Our findings indicate that, in data-rich scenarios, simulation-free regression-based approaches provide a suitable alternative for flux estimation from classical INST-MFA since we observe a high qualitative agreement (rs=0.89) to predictions obtained from INCA, a state-of-the-art tool for INST-MFA. KW - metabolic flux analysis KW - INST-MFA KW - regression KW - 13C labeling KW - algae Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1140829 SN - 1664-462X VL - 14 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ruszkiewicz, Joanna A1 - Endig, Lisa A1 - Güver, Ebru A1 - Bürkle, Alexander A1 - Mangerich, Aswin T1 - Life-cycle-dependent toxicities of mono- and bifunctional alkylating agents in the 3R-compliant model organism C. elegans JF - Cells : open access journal N2 - Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is gaining recognition and importance as an organismic model for toxicity testing in line with the 3Rs principle (replace, reduce, refine). In this study, we explored the use of C. elegans to examine the toxicities of alkylating sulphur mustard analogues, specifically the monofunctional agent 2-chloroethyl-ethyl sulphide (CEES) and the bifunctional, crosslinking agent mechlorethamine (HN2). We exposed wild-type worms at different life cycle stages (from larvae L1 to adulthood day 10) to CEES or HN2 and scored their viability 24 h later. The susceptibility of C. elegans to CEES and HN2 paralleled that of human cells, with HN2 exhibiting higher toxicity than CEES, reflected in LC50 values in the high µM to low mM range. Importantly, the effects were dependent on the worms’ developmental stage as well as organismic age: the highest susceptibility was observed in L1, whereas the lowest was observed in L4 worms. In adult worms, susceptibility to alkylating agents increased with advanced age, especially to HN2. To examine reproductive effects, L4 worms were exposed to CEES and HN2, and both the offspring and the percentage of unhatched eggs were assessed. Moreover, germline apoptosis was assessed by using ced-1p::GFP (MD701) worms. In contrast to concentrations that elicited low toxicities to L4 worms, CEES and HN2 were highly toxic to germline cells, manifesting as increased germline apoptosis as well as reduced offspring number and percentage of eggs hatched. Again, HN2 exhibited stronger effects than CEES. Compound specificity was also evident in toxicities to dopaminergic neurons–HN2 exposure affected expression of dopamine transporter DAT-1 (strain BY200) at lower concentrations than CEES, suggesting a higher neurotoxic effect. Mechanistically, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) has been linked to mustard agent toxicities. Therefore, the NAD+-dependent system was investigated in the response to CEES and HN2 treatment. Overall NAD+ levels in worm extracts were revealed to be largely resistant to mustard exposure except for high concentrations, which lowered the NAD+ levels in L4 worms 24 h post-treatment. Interestingly, however, mutant worms lacking components of NAD+-dependent pathways involved in genome maintenance, namely pme-2, parg-2, and sirt-2.1 showed a higher and compound-specific susceptibility, indicating an active role of NAD+ in genotoxic stress response. In conclusion, the present results demonstrate that C. elegans represents an attractive model to study the toxicology of alkylating agents, which supports its use in mechanistic as well as intervention studies with major strength in the possibility to analyze toxicities at different life cycle stages. KW - C. elegans KW - alkylating agents KW - mustards KW - life cycle toxicities KW - neurotoxicity KW - NAD+ Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12232728 SN - 2073-4409 VL - 12 IS - 23 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bürger, Gerd A1 - Heistermann, Maik T1 - Shallow and deep learning of extreme rainfall events from convective atmospheres JF - Natural hazards and earth system sciences : NHESS N2 - Our subject is a new catalogue of radar-based heavy rainfall events (CatRaRE) over Germany and how it relates to the concurrent atmospheric circulation. We classify daily ERA5 fields of convective indices according to CatRaRE, using an array of 13 statistical methods, consisting of 4 conventional (“shallow”) and 9 more recent deep machine learning (DL) algorithms; the classifiers are then applied to corresponding fields of simulated present and future atmospheres from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) project. The inherent uncertainty of the DL results from the stochastic nature of their optimization is addressed by employing an ensemble approach using 20 runs for each network. The shallow random forest method performs best with an equitable threat score (ETS) around 0.52, followed by the DL networks ALL-CNN and ResNet with an ETS near 0.48. Their success can be understood as a result of conceptual simplicity and parametric parsimony, which obviously best fits the relatively simple classification task. It is found that, on summer days, CatRaRE convective atmospheres over Germany occur with a probability of about 0.5. This probability is projected to increase, regardless of method, both in ERA5-reanalyzed and CORDEX-simulated atmospheres: for the historical period we find a centennial increase of about 0.2 and for the future period one of slightly below 0.1. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3065-2023 SN - 1684-9981 VL - 23 IS - 9 SP - 3065 EP - 3077 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sammoud, Senda A1 - Bouguezzi, Raja A1 - Uthoff, Aaron A1 - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo A1 - Moran, Jason A1 - Negra, Yassine A1 - Hachana, Younes A1 - Chaabene, Helmi T1 - The effects of backward vs. forward running training on measures of physical fitness in young female handball players JF - Frontiers in sports and active living N2 - Introduction This study examined the effects of an 8-week backward running (BR) vs. forward running (FR) training programmes on measures of physical fitness in young female handball players. Methods Twenty-nine players participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to a FR training group, BR training group, and a control group. Results and discussion Within-group analysis indicated significant, small-to-large improvements in all performance tests (effect size [g] = 0.36 to 1.80), except 5-m forward sprint-time in the BR group and 5- and 10-m forward sprint-time in the FR group. However, the CG significantly decreased forward sprint performance over 10-m and 20-m (g = 0.28 to 0.50) with no changes in the other fitness parameters. No significant differences in the amount of change scores between the BR and FR groups were noted. Both training interventions have led to similar improvements in measures of muscle power, change of direction (CoD) speed, sprint speed either forward or backward, and repeated sprint ability (RSA) in young female handball players, though BR training may have a small advantage over FR training for 10-m forward sprint time and CoD speed, while FR training may provide small improvements over BR training for RSAbest. Practitioners are advised to consider either FR or BR training to improve various measures of physical fitness in young female handball players. KW - team sports KW - athletic performance KW - motor activity KW - youth sports KW - sports medicine Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.1244369 SN - 2624-9367 VL - 5 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ziubanova, Anastasia A. A1 - Laurinavichyute, Anna A1 - Parshina, Olga T1 - Does early exposure to spoken and sign language affect reading fluency in deaf and hard-of-hearing adult signers? JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Introduction Early linguistic background, and in particular, access to language, lays the foundation of future reading skills in deaf and hard-of-hearing signers. The current study aims to estimate the impact of two factors – early access to sign and/or spoken language – on reading fluency in deaf and hard-of-hearing adult Russian Sign Language speakers. Methods In the eye-tracking experiment, 26 deaf and 14 hard-of-hearing native Russian Sign Language speakers read 144 sentences from the Russian Sentence Corpus. Analysis of global eye-movement trajectories (scanpaths) was used to identify clusters of typical reading trajectories. The role of early access to sign and spoken language as well as vocabulary size as predictors of the more fluent reading pattern was tested. Results Hard-of-hearing signers with early access to sign language read more fluently than those who were exposed to sign language later in life or deaf signers without access to speech sounds. No association between early access to spoken language and reading fluency was found. Discussion Our results suggest a unique advantage for the hard-of-hearing individuals from having early access to both sign and spoken language and support the existing claims that early exposure to sign language is beneficial not only for deaf but also for hard-of-hearing children. KW - reading fluency KW - deaf KW - hard-of-hearing KW - sign language KW - multimodal bilingualism KW - scanpaths KW - eye movements Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1145638 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 14 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rosenblum, Michael A1 - Pikovsky, Arkady T1 - Inferring connectivity of an oscillatory network via the phase dynamics reconstruction JF - Frontiers in network physiology N2 - We review an approach for reconstructing oscillatory networks’ undirected and directed connectivity from data. The technique relies on inferring the phase dynamics model. The central assumption is that we observe the outputs of all network nodes. We distinguish between two cases. In the first one, the observed signals represent smooth oscillations, while in the second one, the data are pulse-like and can be viewed as point processes. For the first case, we discuss estimating the true phase from a scalar signal, exploiting the protophase-to-phase transformation. With the phases at hand, pairwise and triplet synchronization indices can characterize the undirected connectivity. Next, we demonstrate how to infer the general form of the coupling functions for two or three oscillators and how to use these functions to quantify the directional links. We proceed with a different treatment of networks with more than three nodes. We discuss the difference between the structural and effective phase connectivity that emerges due to high-order terms in the coupling functions. For the second case of point-process data, we use the instants of spikes to infer the phase dynamics model in the Winfree form directly. This way, we obtain the network’s coupling matrix in the first approximation in the coupling strength. KW - oscillations KW - network KW - connectivity KW - data analysis KW - phase reduction Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnetp.2023.1298228 SN - 2674-0109 VL - 3 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaser, Berenike Lisa A1 - Weymar, Mathias A1 - Wendt, Julia T1 - The effect of a single-session heart rate variability biofeedback on attentional control BT - does stress matter? JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Introduction Vagally mediated heart rate variability is an index of autonomic nervous system activity that is associated with a large variety of outcome variables including psychopathology and self-regulation. While practicing heart rate variability biofeedback over several weeks has been reliably associated with a number of positive outcomes, its acute effects are not well known. As the strongest association with vagally mediated heart rate variability has been found particularly within the attention-related subdomain of self-regulation, we investigated the acute effect of heart rate variability biofeedback on attentional control using the revised Attention Network Test. Methods Fifty-six participants were tested in two sessions. In one session each participant received a heart rate variability biofeedback intervention, and in the other session a control intervention of paced breathing at a normal ventilation rate. After the biofeedback or control intervention, participants completed the Attention Network Test using the Orienting Score as a measure of attentional control. Results Mixed models revealed that higher resting baseline vagally mediated heart rate variability was associated with better performance in attentional control, which suggests more efficient direction of attention to target stimuli. There was no significant main effect of the intervention on attentional control. However, an interaction effect indicated better performance in attentional control after biofeedback in individuals who reported higher current stress levels. Discussion The results point to acute beneficial effects of heart rate variability biofeedback on cognitive performance in highly stressed individuals. Although promising, the results need to be replicated in larger or more targeted samples in order to reach stronger conclusions about the effects. KW - attention KW - self-regulation KW - heart rate variability KW - biofeedback KW - cognitive control KW - stress KW - vagal tone KW - slow-paced breathing Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1292983 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 14 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schell, Mareike A1 - Wardelmann, Kristina A1 - Hauffe, Robert A1 - Rath, Michaela A1 - Chopra, Simran A1 - Kleinridders, André T1 - Lactobacillus rhamnosus sex-specifically attenuates depressive-like behavior and mitigates metabolic consequences in obesity JF - Biological psychiatry: global open science N2 - BACKGROUND: Patients with diabetes exhibit an increased prevalence for emotional disorders compared with healthy humans, partially due to a shared pathogenesis including hormone resistance and inflammation, which is also linked to intestinal dysbiosis. The preventive intake of probiotic lactobacilli has been shown to improve dysbiosis along with mood and metabolism. Yet, a potential role of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus 0030) (LR) in improving emotional behavior in established obesity and the underlying mechanisms are unknown. METHODS: Female and male C57BL/6N mice were fed a low-fat diet (10% kcal from fat) or high-fat diet (HFD) (45% kcal from fat) for 6 weeks, followed by daily oral gavage of vehicle or 1 3 10 8 colony-forming units of LR, and assessment of anxiety- and depressive-like behavior. Cecal microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were collected for metabolomic analysis, and gene expression of different brain areas was assessed using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: We observed that 12 weeks of HFD feeding induced hyperinsulinemia, which was attenuated by LR application only in female mice. On the contrary, HFD-fed male mice exhibited increased anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, where the latter was specifically attenuated by LR application, which was independent of metabolic changes. Furthermore, LR application restored the HFD-induced decrease of tyrosine hydroxylase, along with normalizing cholecystokinin gene expression in dopaminergic brain regions; both tyrosine hydroxylase and cholecystokinin are involved in signaling pathways impacting emotional disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that LR attenuates depressive-like behavior after established obesity, with changes in the dopaminergic system in male mice, and mitigates hyperinsulinemia in obese female mice. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.02.011 SN - 2667-1743 VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 651 EP - 662 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cestnik, Rok A1 - Mau, Erik T. K. A1 - Rosenblum, Michael T1 - Inferring oscillator's phase and amplitude response from a scalar signal exploiting test stimulation JF - New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics N2 - The phase sensitivity curve or phase response curve (PRC) quantifies the oscillator's reaction to stimulation at a specific phase and is a primary characteristic of a self-sustained oscillatory unit. Knowledge of this curve yields a phase dynamics description of the oscillator for arbitrary weak forcing. Similar, though much less studied characteristic, is the amplitude response that can be defined either using an ad hoc approach to amplitude estimation or via the isostable variables. Here, we discuss the problem of the phase and amplitude response inference from observations using test stimulation. Although PRC determination for noise-free neuronal-like oscillators perturbed by narrow pulses is a well-known task, the general case remains a challenging problem. Even more challenging is the inference of the amplitude response. This characteristic is crucial, e.g. for controlling the amplitude of the collective mode in a network of interacting units-a task relevant to neuroscience. Here, we compare the performance of different techniques suitable for inferring the phase and amplitude response, particularly with application to macroscopic oscillators. We suggest improvements to these techniques, e.g. demonstrating how to obtain the PRC in case of stimuli of arbitrary shape. Our main result is a novel technique denoted by IPID-1, based on the direct reconstruction of the Winfree equation and the analogous first-order equation for isostable dynamics. The technique works for signals with or without well-pronounced marker events and pulses of arbitrary shape; in particular, we consider charge-balanced pulses typical in neuroscience applications. Moreover, this technique is superior for noisy and high-dimensional systems. Additionally, we describe an error measure that can be computed solely from data and complements any inference technique. KW - phase response KW - amplitude response KW - phase-isostable reduction KW - inference Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aca70a SN - 1367-2630 VL - 24 IS - 12 PB - Dt. Physikalische Ges., IOP CY - Bad Honnef, London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Lin A1 - Fischer, Eric A1 - Brahms, Clemens Markus A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Arnrich, Bert T1 - DUO-GAIT BT - a gait dataset for walking under dual-task and fatigue conditions with inertial measurement units JF - Scientific data N2 - In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing and evaluating gait analysis algorithms based on inertial measurement unit (IMU) data, which has important implications, including sports, assessment of diseases, and rehabilitation. Multi-tasking and physical fatigue are two relevant aspects of daily life gait monitoring, but there is a lack of publicly available datasets to support the development and testing of methods using a mobile IMU setup. We present a dataset consisting of 6-minute walks under single- (only walking) and dual-task (walking while performing a cognitive task) conditions in unfatigued and fatigued states from sixteen healthy adults. Especially, nine IMUs were placed on the head, chest, lower back, wrists, legs, and feet to record under each of the above-mentioned conditions. The dataset also includes a rich set of spatio-temporal gait parameters that capture the aspects of pace, symmetry, and variability, as well as additional study-related information to support further analysis. This dataset can serve as a foundation for future research on gait monitoring in free-living environments. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02391-w SN - 2052-4463 VL - 10 IS - 1 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Uth, Melanie A1 - Gutiérrez-Bravo, Rodrigo A1 - Fliessbach, Jan T1 - On the incompatibility of object fronting and progressive aspect in Yucatec Maya JF - Frontiers in language sciences N2 - In this paper, we present data from an elicitation study and a corpus study that support the observation that the Yucatec Maya progressive aspect auxiliary táan is replaced by the habitual auxiliary k in sentences with contrastively focused fronted objects. Focus has been extensively studied in Yucatec, yet the incompatibility of object fronting and progressive aspect in Yucatec Maya remains understudied. Both our experimental results and our corpus study point in the direction that this incompatibility may very well be categorical. Theoretically, we take a progressive reading to be derived from an imperfectivity operator in combination with a singular operator, and we propose that this singular operator implicates the negation of event plurality, leading to an exhaustive interpretation which ranks below corrective focus on a contrastive focus scale. This means that, in a sentence with object focus fronting, the use of the marked auxiliary táan (as opposed to the more general k) would trigger two contrastive foci, which would be an unlikely and probably dispreferred speech act. KW - fronting KW - progressive KW - Yucatec Maya KW - habitual KW - focus Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/flang.2023.1286520 SN - 2813-4605 VL - 2 PB - Frontiers Media S.A. CY - Lausanne, Switzerland ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heide, Judith A1 - Netzebandt, Jonka A1 - Ahrens, Stine A1 - Brüsch, Julia A1 - Saalfrank, Teresa A1 - Schmitz-Antonischki, Dorit T1 - Improving lexical retrieval with LingoTalk BT - an app-based, self-administered treatment for clients with aphasia JF - Frontiers in communication N2 - Introduction LingoTalk is a German speech-language app designed to enhance lexical retrieval in individuals with aphasia. It incorporates automatic speech recognition (ASR) to provide therapist-independent feedback. The execution and effectiveness of a self-administered intervention with LingoTalk was explored in a case series study. Methods Three individuals with chronic aphasia participated in a highly individualized, supervised self-administered intervention lasting 3 weeks. The LingoTalk app closely monitored the frequency, intensity and progress of the intervention. Treatment efficacy was assessed using a multiple baseline design, examining both item-specific treatment effects and generalization to untreated items, an untreated task, and spontaneous speech. Results All participants successfully completed the intervention with LingoTalk, although one participant was not able to use the ASR feature. None of the participants fully adhered to the treatment protocol. All participants demonstrated significant and sustained improvement in the naming of practiced items, although there was limited evidence of generalization. Additionally, there was a slight reduction in word-finding difficulties during spontaneous speech. Discussion This small-scale study indicates that self-administered intervention with LingoTalk can improve oral naming of treated items. Thus, it has the potential to complement face-to-face speech-language therapy, such as within in a “flipped speech room” approach. The choice of feedback mode is discussed. Transparent progress monitoring of the intervention appears to positively influence patients' motivation. KW - aphasi KW - anomia KW - lexical retrieva KW - oral naming KW - app-based intervention KW - self-training KW - automatic speech recognition (ASR) KW - LingoTalk Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1210193 SN - 2297-900X VL - 8 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - THES A1 - Vardi, Shmuel T1 - Ada (Fishman) Maimon BT - An intellectual biography Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - THES A1 - Braun, Isabel Laura T1 - Die Medienkonzentrationskontrolle im digitalen Zeitalter T2 - Studien zum Medienrecht N2 - Dass vielfältige Inhalte und Meinungen über eine Vielzahl an Medien verbreitet werden, ist für unsere demokratische Gesellschaft heute wichtiger denn je. Gerade deshalb ist es unabdingbar, Meinungsmacht einzelner Medienunternehmen zu verhindern und dadurch zur Meinungsvielfalt beizutragen. Diese bedeutende Aufgabe kommt der Medienkonzentrationskontrolle des Medienstaatsvertrages zu. Doch haben die digitalisierungsbedingten Veränderungen in der Medienlandschaft zu einem inkonsistenten Prüfungsregime der Medienkonzentrationskontrolle geführt, da medienrechtlich aktuell nicht alle für die Meinungsbildung relevanten Medienakteure ausreichend erfasst werden. Die Arbeit untersucht die Thematik im Kontext der nationalen sowie internationalen medien- und wettbewerbsrechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen. Basierend auf den dabei gewonnenen Erkenntnissen wird ein den aktuellen Erfordernissen entsprechender normativer Vorschlag unterbreitet. N2 - In the interest of democracy, individual media companies must be prevented from gaining opinion power. To this end, media concentration is regulated in accordance with the Interstate Media Treaty. However, recent developments in the media sector have led to an inconsistent regulatory regime, which no longer adequately covers all media players relevant to the formation of public opinion. This publication analyzes the issue in the context of both a media law and competition law framework and presents a legislative proposal suitable for restoring regulatory effectiveness KW - Deutschland KW - Regulierung KW - Medienangebot KW - Meinungsbildung KW - Massenmedien KW - Medienstaatsvertrag (2020 April 14) KW - Unternehmenskonzentration KW - Fusionskontrolle Y1 - 2024 SN - 978-3-428-19073-7 SN - 978-3-428-59073-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-59073-5 VL - 4 PB - Duncker & Humblot CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhelavskaya, Irina A1 - Aseev, Nikita A1 - Shprits, Yuri T1 - A combined neural network‐ and physics‐based approach for modeling plasmasphere dynamics JF - JGR / AGU, American Geographical Union. Space Physics N2 - Abstract In recent years, feedforward neural networks (NNs) have been successfully applied to reconstruct global plasmasphere dynamics in the equatorial plane. These neural network‐based models capture the large‐scale dynamics of the plasmasphere, such as plume formation and erosion of the plasmasphere on the nightside. However, their performance depends strongly on the availability of training data. When the data coverage is limited or non‐existent, as occurs during geomagnetic storms, the performance of NNs significantly decreases, as networks inherently cannot learn from the limited number of examples. This limitation can be overcome by employing physics‐based modeling during strong geomagnetic storms. Physics‐based models show a stable performance during periods of disturbed geomagnetic activity if they are correctly initialized and configured. In this study, we illustrate how to combine the neural network‐ and physics‐based models of the plasmasphere in an optimal way by using data assimilation. The proposed approach utilizes advantages of both neural network‐ and physics‐based modeling and produces global plasma density reconstructions for both quiet and disturbed geomagnetic activity, including extreme geomagnetic storms. We validate the models quantitatively by comparing their output to the in‐situ density measurements from RBSP‐A for an 18‐month out‐of‐sample period from June 30, 2016 to January 01, 2018 and computing performance metrics. To validate the global density reconstructions qualitatively, we compare them to the IMAGE EUV images of the He+ particle distribution in the Earth's plasmasphere for a number of events in the past, including the Halloween storm in 2003. KW - data assimilation KW - Kalman filter KW - machine learning KW - neural networks KW - plasmasphere KW - plasma density Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028077 SN - 2169-9380 SN - 2169-9402 VL - 126 IS - 3 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wienfort, Monika T1 - James Gregory. The Royal Throne of Mercy and British Culture in the Victorian Age. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2020. Pp. 288. $115.00 (cloth). JF - Journal of British studies Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2022.133 SN - 0021-9371 SN - 1545-6986 VL - 61 IS - 4 SP - 1060 EP - 1061 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - Cambridge ER -