TY - THES A1 - Nguyen, Manh Duy Linh T1 - Reproduction, development and reproductive isolation barriers of the mormyrid fish (genus Campylomormyrus, Teleostei) T1 - Fortpflanzung, Entwicklung und reproduktive Isolationsbarrieren von Mormyriden (Gattung Campylomormyrus, Teleostei) N2 - Weakly electric mormyrid fish comprise about 200 species. 15 species of the genus Campylomormyrus have been described. These are very diverse concerning the trunk-like snout and the shape and duration of the electric organ discharge (EOD) and the anatomy of the electric organ. In this dissertation data on the reproduction in captivity of four species and on the ontogeny of the EOD and the EO of three species are presented. Reproduction of the four species C. compressirostris, C. rhynchophorus, C. tshokwe and C. numenius: Cyclical reproduction was provoked by changing only water conductivity (C): decreasing C led to gonadal recrudescence, an increase induced gonad regression. Data on the reproduction and development of three species are presented (in C. numenius gonad development could only be achieved in males). Agonistic behavior in the C. tshokwe pair forced us to divide the breeding tank; therefore, only ovipositions occurred. However, injection of an artificial GnRH hormone allowed us to obtain ripe eggs and sperm and to perform successful artificial reproduction. All three species (C. compressirostris, C. rhynchophorus, C. tshokwe) are indeterminate fractional spawners. Spawnings/ovipositions occurred during the second half of the night; no parental care was observed; no special spawning substrates were necessary. C. compressirostris successfully spawned in breeding groups, C. rhynchophorus as pair. Spawning intervals ranged from 6 to 66 days in C. rhynchophorus, 10–75 days in C. tshokwe, and 18 days in C. compressirostris (calculated values). Fecundities (eggs per fractional spawning) ranged from 70 to 1570 eggs in C. rhynchophorus, 100–1192 in C. tshokwe, and 38–246 in C. compressirostris. All three species produce yolky, slightly sticky eggs. Egg diameter ranges from 2.3–3.0 mm. Hatching occurred on day 3, feeding started on day 11. Transition from larval to juvenile stage occurred at around 20 mm total length (TL). At this size C. rhynchophorus developed a higher body than the two other species and differences between the species in the melanin pigmentation of the unpaired fins occurred. Between 32 and 35 mm TL the upper and lower jaws developed. C. compressirostris and C. tamandua are similar in morphology and both produce short EODs of ca. 150-200 μs duration. Both species reproduce easily in captivity. We tried to obtain natural hybrids in two breeding groups, 1) four males of C. compressirostris and three females of C. tamandua and 2) six females of C. compressirostris and four males of C. tamandua. In both combinations several times oviposition occurred, however, we never found fertilized eggs. In subsequent experiments, not described here, we obtained hybrids between these two species by means of artificial reproduction. Ontogeny of the EOD and the EO: The Campylomormyrus species are very diverse both concerning the shape and the duration of their EODs. There are species with very short EODs, e.g. C. compressirostris duration, a species with an EOD length of about 4-8 ms duration (C. tshokwe) and species with very long EODs of about 25 ms duration (e.g. C. rhynchophorus). Due to the successful breeding of the three species in captivity, we were able to investigate in detail the ontogeny of the EOD. Larvae of the three species C. compressirostris, C. tshokwe and C. rhynchophorus first produce a biphasic larval EOD typical for these small larvae. The first activity of the adult electric organ in the caudal peduncle is a biphasic juvenile EOD. Juvenile C. compressirostris and C. tshokwe start out with a short biphasic EOD of about 160 – 200 μs duration at sizes between 25 mm (C. compressirostris) and 37 mm (C. tshokwe). Adult C. compressirostris show an EOD identical to that of the juvenile. In C. tshokwe, the juvenile EOD changes continuously during development both concerning duration, amplitude increase and shape. 18 cm long C. tshokwe still do not yet produce an EOD typical for the adult fish. Juveniles of C. rhynchophorus produce at 33 mm total length a juvenile biphasic EOD, however, of longer duration (about 640 μs) than the two species mentioned above. This juvenile EOD changes continuously both in form, amplitude increase and duration with growth until the adult EOD waveform appears at about 15 cm body length. In juveniles about seven cm long the triphasic feature of the EOD starts to develop due to the appearance of a second head positive phase. Specific EOD stages are produced in relation to size and not to age. Individual differences in the EOD both concerning shape and duration are very small. The basic anatomy of the electrocytes is very similar in all three species: the main stalk which receives the innervation, is located at the caudal face of the electrocyte. Membrane penetrations of the stalks do not occur. However, there are differences in the fine structure of the electrocytes in the three species. Papillae, proliferations of the membrane, which increase the surface area of the electrocyte and are thought to incrase the EOD-duration, are only found in C. tshokwe and C. rhynchophorus. In these two species in addition, holes develop in the electrocytes during ontogeny. This might also have an impact on EOD duration. N2 - Von den mehr als 200 Arten der schwach elektrischen Nilhechte gehören 15 zur Gattung Campylomormyrus. Diese spezialisierten Fische besitzen eine rüsselartige Schnauze. Auch produzieren manche Arten relativ kurze elektrische Entladungen (EODs) von mehreren hundert µs Dauer, andere ungewöhnlich lange EODs von bis zu 25 ms Dauer. Es werden Daten zur Reproduktion von vier Arten vorgestellt, um das Wissen über die Fortpflanzungs-biologie der Nilhechte zu erweitern und zum ersten Mal detaillierte Daten zur Ontogenese der elektrischen Organe (EO) und EODs von Arten mit extrem langen EODs zu beschreiben. Bei C. compressirostris, C. rhynchophorus, C. tshokwe und C. numenius konnte die Gonadenreifung durch Absenkung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit des Wassers ausgelöst werden. Danach laichten C. compressirostris und C. rhynchophorus regelmäßig ab; bei C. tshokwe konnte eine Vermehrung mit Hilfe einer künstlichen Vermehrung erreicht werden; bei C. numenius konnte nur bei den Männchen eine Gonadenreifung ausgelöst werden. Die drei Arten C. compressirostris, C. rhynchophorus und C. tshokwe zeigen folgende reproduktiven Merkmale: das Ablaichen erfolgt in der zweiten Nachthälfte, die Eizahlen liegen bei mehreren Hundert pro Ablaichen, die Ablaichintervalle liegen bei wenigen Wochen. Embryonen schlüpfen nach drei Tagen, die exogene Nahrungsaufnahme beginnt am Tag 11. Es wurde versucht, natürliche Hybriden zwischen den Arten C. compressirostris und C. tamandua zu erhalten. Es kam zwar zur Abgabe von Eiern, diese waren aber nie befruchtet. Die Ontogenese der EOD zeigte, dass die Entladung bei allen drei untersuchten Arten mit einer biphasischen Juvenilentladung von ca. 200 µs (C. compressirostris, C. tshokwe) bzw. ca. 600 µs Dauer (C. rhynchophorus) beginnt. Diese Entladung verändert sich im Verlauf der Ontogenese bei C. compressirostris nicht mehr, bei den beiden anderen Arten kommt es zu einer kontinuierlichen Veränderung bezüglich Form und Dauer bis hin zu der Adult-Entladung. Papillen, Oberflächenvergrößerungen der elektrischen Zellen, könnten eine Erklärung für die längere Entladung bei C. tshokwe und C. rhynchophorus sein. KW - fish KW - weakly electric fish KW - tropical freshwater fish KW - Fisch KW - schwach elektrische Fische KW - tropische Süßwasser Fische Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437197 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hodapp, Alice A1 - Grimm, Sabine T1 - Neural signatures of temporal regularity and recurring patterns in random tonal sound sequences JF - European journal of neuroscience : EJN / European Neuroscience Association N2 - The auditory system is highly sensitive to recurring patterns in the acoustic input - even in otherwise unstructured material, such as white noise or random tonal sequences. Electroencephalography (EEG) research revealed a characteristic negative potential to periodically recurring auditory patterns - a response, which has been interpreted as memory trace-related and specific, rather than as a sign of periodicity-driven entrainment. Here, we aim to disentangle these two possible contributions by investigating the influence of a periodic sound sequence's inherent temporal regularity on event-related potentials. Participants were presented continuous sequences of short tones of random pitch, with some sequences containing a recurring pattern, and asked to indicate whether they heard a repetition. Patterns were either spaced equally across the random sequence (isochronous condition) or with a temporal jitter (jittered condition), which enabled us to differentiate between event-related potentials (and thus processing operations associated with a memory trace for a repeated pattern) and the periodic nature of the repetitions. A negative recurrence-related component could be observed independently of temporal regularity, was pattern-specific, and modulated by across trial repetition of the pattern. Critically, isochronous pattern repetition induced an additional early periodicity-related positive component, which started to build up already before the pattern onset and which was elicited undampedly even when the repeated pattern was occasionally not presented. This positive component likely reflects a sensory driven entrainment process that could be the foundation of a behavioural benefit in detecting temporally regular repetitions. KW - auditory sensory memory KW - entrainment KW - ERP KW - pattern detection KW - repetition Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.15123 SN - 0953-816X SN - 1460-9568 VL - 53 IS - 8 SP - 2740 EP - 2754 PB - Wiley CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mazza, Valeria A1 - Günther, Anja T1 - City mice and country mice BT - innovative problem solving in rural and urban noncommensal rodents JF - Animal behaviour N2 - The ability to produce innovative behaviour is a key determinant in the successful coping with environmental challenges and changes. The expansion of human-altered environments presents wildlife with multiple novel situations in which innovativeness could be beneficial. A better understanding of the drivers of within-species variation in innovation propensity and its consequences will provide insights into the traits enabling animals to thrive in the face of human-induced rapid environmental change. We compared problem-solving performance of 31 striped field mice, Apodemus agrarius, originating from rural or urban environments in a battery of eight foraging extraction tasks. We tested whether differences in problem-solving performance were mediated by the extent and duration of the animal's exploration of the experimental set-ups, the time required to solve the tasks, and their persistence. In addition, we tested the influence of the diversity of motor responses, as well as of behavioural traits boldness and activity on problem-solving performance. Urban individuals were better problem solvers despite rural individuals approaching faster and interacting longer with the test set-ups. Participation rates and time required to solve a task did not differ between rural and urban individuals. However, in case of failure to solve a task, rural mice were more persistent. The best predictors of solving success, aside from the area of origin, were the time spent exploring the set-ups and boldness, while activity and diversity of motor responses did not explain it. Problem-solving ability could thus be a contributing factor to the successful coping with the rapid and recent expansion of human-altered environments. KW - animal personality KW - anthropogenic environment KW - Apodemus agrarius KW - HIREC KW - individual differences KW - innovation KW - problem solving KW - rodent KW - urbanization Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.12.007 SN - 0003-3472 SN - 1095-8282 VL - 172 SP - 197 EP - 210 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schedlbauer, Carola A1 - Blaue, Dominique A1 - Raila, Jens A1 - Vervuert, Ingrid T1 - Alterations of serum vitamin E and vitamin A concentrations of ponies and horses during experimentally induced obesity JF - Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition JF - Zeitschrift für Tierphysiologie, Tierernährung und Futtermittelkunde N2 - Vitamin A, vitamin E and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) are a focus of current obesity research in humans. The impact of body weight (BW) gain on fat-soluble vitamins and its associated parameters in equines has not been previously reported. Ten Shetland ponies and 9 Warmblood horses, all adult geldings, non-obese and healthy, were fed an excessive energy diet for 20 months to induce BW gain. Serum alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), retinol (vitamin A), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and retinol/RBP4 ratio were analysed before BW gain induction and at six timepoints during the BW gaining period. The mean (+/- SD) % BW gain achieved during two years of excess energy intake was 29.9 +/- 19.4% for ponies and 17 +/- 6.74% for horses. Serum alpha-tocopherol increased significantly in ponies and horses during excess energy intake and circulating alpha-tocopherol levels correlated positively with alpha-tocopherol intake (r = .6; p < .001). Serum retinol concentrations showed variations during the study but without relation to intake. Serum RBP4 decreased at the end of the study. The retinol/RBP4 ratio increased with BW gain without differences between ponies and horses. In comparison with human research, the increase in the retinol/RBP4 ratio was unexpected and needs further elucidation. KW - body weight gain KW - equine KW - laminitis KW - retinol-binding protein 4 KW - alpha-tocopherol Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13385 SN - 0931-2439 SN - 1439-0396 VL - 104 IS - 5 SP - 1501 EP - 1508 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kuehnel, Susanne A1 - Kupfer, Alexander T1 - Sperm storage in caecilian amphibians N2 - Background: Female sperm storage has evolved independently multiple times among vertebrates to control reproduction in response to the environment. In internally fertilising amphibians, female salamanders store sperm in cloacal spermathecae, whereas among anurans sperm storage in oviducts is known only in tailed frogs. Facilitated through extensive field sampling following historical observations we tested for sperm storing structures in the female urogenital tract of fossorial, tropical caecilian amphibians. Findings: In the oviparous Ichthyophis cf. kohtaoensis, aggregated sperm were present in a distinct region of the posterior oviduct but not in the cloaca in six out of seven vitellogenic females prior to oviposition. Spermatozoa were found most abundantly between the mucosal folds. In relation to the reproductive status decreased amounts of sperm were present in gravid females compared to pre-ovulatory females. Sperm were absent in females past oviposition. Conclusions: Our findings indicate short-term oviductal sperm storage in the oviparous Ichthyophis cf. kohtaoensis. We assume that in female caecilians exhibiting high levels of parental investment sperm storage has evolved in order to optimally coordinate reproductive events and to increase fitness. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 375 KW - reproduction KW - sperm storage KW - amphibians KW - caecilians Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-400987 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klose, Sascha Peter A1 - Rolke, Daniel A1 - Baumann, Otto T1 - Morphogenesis of honeybee hypopharyngeal gland during pupal development JF - Frontiers in zoology N2 - Background The hypopharyngeal gland of worker bees contributes to the production of the royal jelly fed to queens and larvae. The gland consists of thousands of two-cell units that are composed of a secretory cell and a duct cell and that are arranged in sets of about 12 around a long collecting duct. Results By fluorescent staining, we have examined the morphogenesis of the hypopharyngeal gland during pupal life, from a saccule lined by a pseudostratified epithelium to the elaborate organ of adult worker bees. The hypopharyngeal gland develops as follows. (1) Cell proliferation occurs during the first day of pupal life in the hypopharyngeal gland primordium. (2) Subsequently, the epithelium becomes organized into rosette-like units of three cells. Two of these will become the secretory cell and the duct cell of the adult secretory units; the third cell contributes only temporarily to the development of the secretory units and is eliminated by apoptosis in the second half of pupal life. (3) The three-cell units of flask-shaped cells undergo complex changes in cell morphology. Thus, by mid-pupal stage, the gland is structurally similar to the adult hypopharyngeal gland. (4) Concomitantly, the prospective secretory cell attains its characteristic subcellular organization by the invagination of a small patch of apical membrane domain, its extension to a tube of about 100 μm in length (termed a canaliculus), and the expansion of the tube to a diameter of about 3 μm. (6) Finally, the canaliculus-associated F-actin system becomes reorganized into rings of bundled actin filaments that are positioned at regular distances along the membrane tube. Conclusions The morphogenesis of the secretory units in the hypopharyngeal gland of the worker bee seems to be based on a developmental program that is conserved, with slight modification, among insects for the production of dermal glands. Elaboration of the secretory cell as a unicellular seamless epithelial tube occurs by invagination of the apical membrane, its extension likely by targeted exocytosis and its expansion, and finally the reorganisation of the membrane-associated F-actin system. Our work is fundamental for future studies of environmental effects on hypopharyngeal gland morphology and development. KW - Exocrine gland KW - Insect KW - Epithelial tube KW - Organogenesis KW - Cell polarity KW - Actin cytoskeleton KW - Apoptosis KW - Invagination Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12983-017-0207-z SN - 1742-9994 VL - 14 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Klose, Sascha Peter A1 - Rolke, Daniel A1 - Baumann, Otto T1 - Morphogenesis of honeybee hypopharyngeal gland during pupal development N2 - Background The hypopharyngeal gland of worker bees contributes to the production of the royal jelly fed to queens and larvae. The gland consists of thousands of two-cell units that are composed of a secretory cell and a duct cell and that are arranged in sets of about 12 around a long collecting duct. Results By fluorescent staining, we have examined the morphogenesis of the hypopharyngeal gland during pupal life, from a saccule lined by a pseudostratified epithelium to the elaborate organ of adult worker bees. The hypopharyngeal gland develops as follows. (1) Cell proliferation occurs during the first day of pupal life in the hypopharyngeal gland primordium. (2) Subsequently, the epithelium becomes organized into rosette-like units of three cells. Two of these will become the secretory cell and the duct cell of the adult secretory units; the third cell contributes only temporarily to the development of the secretory units and is eliminated by apoptosis in the second half of pupal life. (3) The three-cell units of flask-shaped cells undergo complex changes in cell morphology. Thus, by mid-pupal stage, the gland is structurally similar to the adult hypopharyngeal gland. (4) Concomitantly, the prospective secretory cell attains its characteristic subcellular organization by the invagination of a small patch of apical membrane domain, its extension to a tube of about 100 μm in length (termed a canaliculus), and the expansion of the tube to a diameter of about 3 μm. (6) Finally, the canaliculus-associated F-actin system becomes reorganized into rings of bundled actin filaments that are positioned at regular distances along the membrane tube. Conclusions The morphogenesis of the secretory units in the hypopharyngeal gland of the worker bee seems to be based on a developmental program that is conserved, with slight modification, among insects for the production of dermal glands. Elaboration of the secretory cell as a unicellular seamless epithelial tube occurs by invagination of the apical membrane, its extension likely by targeted exocytosis and its expansion, and finally the reorganisation of the membrane-associated F-actin system. Our work is fundamental for future studies of environmental effects on hypopharyngeal gland morphology and development. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 337 KW - Exocrine gland KW - Insect KW - Epithelial tube KW - Organogenesis KW - Cell polarity KW - Actin cytoskeleton KW - Apoptosis KW - Invagination Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395712 ER - TY - THES A1 - Itonaga, Naomi T1 - White storks (Ciconia ciconia) of Eastern Germany: age-dependent breeding ability, and age- and density-dependent effects on dispersal behavior T1 - Der Weißstorch (Ciconia ciconia) aus dem östlichen Deutschland: altersabhängiges Reproduktionsvermögen und alters- und bestandsdichteabhängiges Ausbreitungsverhalten N2 - Dispersal behavior plays an important role for the geographical distribution and population structure of any given species. Individual’s fitness, reproductive and competitive ability, and dispersal behavior can be determined by the age of the individual. Age-dependent as well as density-dependent dispersal patterns are common in many bird species. In this thesis, I first present age-dependent breeding ability and natal site fidelity in white storks (Ciconia ciconia); migratory birds breeding in large parts of Europe. I predicted that both the proportion of breeding birds and natal site fidelity increase with the age. After the seventies of the last century, following a steep population decline, a recovery of the white stork population has been observed in many regions in Europe. Increasing population density in the white stork population in Eastern Germany especially after 1983 allowed examining density- as well as age-dependent breeding dispersal patterns. Therefore second, I present whether: young birds show more often and longer breeding dispersal than old birds, and frequency of dispersal events increase with the population density increase, especially in the young storks. Third, I present age- and density-dependent dispersal direction preferences in the give population. I asked whether and how the major spring migration direction interacts with dispersal directions of white storks: in different age, and under different population densities. The proportion of breeding individuals increased in the first 22 years of life and then decreased suggesting, the senescent decay in aging storks. Young storks were more faithful to their natal sites than old storks probably due to their innate migratory direction and distance. Young storks dispersed more frequently than old storks in general, but not for longer distance. Proportion of dispersing individuals increased significantly with increasing population densities indicating, density- dependent dispersal behavior in white storks. Moreover, the finding of a significant interaction effects between the age of dispersing birds and year (1980–2006) suggesting, older birds dispersed more from their previous nest sites over time due to increased competition. Both young and old storks dispersed along their spring migration direction; however, directional preferences were different in young storks and old storks. Young storks tended to settle down before reaching their previous nest sites (leading to the south-eastward dispersal) while old birds tended to keep migrating along the migration direction after reaching their previous nest sites (leading to the north-westward dispersal). Cues triggering dispersal events may be age-dependent. Changes in the dispersal direction over time were observed. Dispersal direction became obscured during the second half of the observation period (1993–2006). Increase in competition may affect dispersal behavior in storks. I discuss the potential role of: age for the observed age-dependent dispersal behavior, and competition for the density dependent dispersal behavior. This Ph.D. thesis contributes significantly to the understanding of population structure and geographical distribution of white storks. Moreover, presented age- and density (competition)-dependent dispersal behavior helps understanding underpinning mechanisms of dispersal behavior in bird species. N2 - Das Verständnis der Mechanismen, die dem Ausbreitungsverhalten und der Wahl des Neststandorts zugrunde liegen, gibt wichtige Einsichten in Strukturen und Dynamiken von Tierpopulationen. Der Gesundheitszustand, die Produktivität und Konkurrenzfähigkeit sowie das Ausbreitungsverhalten eines Individuums können über das Alter ermittelt werden. Alters- und dichteabhängige Veränderungen in Verbreitungsmustern kommen bei vielen Vogelarten vor. In der vorliegenden Studie untersuchten wir zunächst den Effekt des Alters auf die Reproduktivität, auf die Wahl des Neststandorts sowie auf die Geburtsorttreue des Weißstorchs (Ciconia ciconia). Wir fragten, ob sowohl der Anteil der brütenden Individuen als auch die Geburtsorttreue mit dem Alter zunimmt. Weißstörche sind Zugvögel, die während der Migration zumeist segelnd die Thermik nutzen und in weiten Teilen Europas brüten. Nach einem starken Bestandsrückgang konnte in vielen Regionen Europas ab den 1970er Jahren wieder ein positiver Trend in der Populationsentwicklung beobachtet werden. Die zunehmende Populationsdichte, besonders nach 1983 in der ostziehenden Subpopulation in den fünf Bundesländern der ehemaligen DDR, erlaubte die Analyse von dichte- und altersabhängigen Präferenzen in der Richtung der Brutstandorte sowie in der Verbreitungsfrequenz und -distanz. Wir untersuchten zudem die Alters- und Dichteabhängigkeit der Ausbreitungsrichtung einer Teilpopulation. Wir fragten, ob und wie die Hauptzugrichtung im Frühjahr mit der Verbreitungsrichtung interagiert: Beeinflussen Alter und Populationsdichte die Ausbreitungsrichtung? Der Anteil der brütenden Individuen, die älter als 22 Jahre sind, nahm innerhalb der beobachteten Teilpopulation ab, vermutlich aufgrund einer altersbedingten Abnahme des Gesundheitszustands. Junge Vögel zeigten eine starke Geburtsorttreue, was auf eine genetische Komponente in den Zugmustern junger Störche hinweist. Generell trat bei jungen Störchen häufiger Ausbreitungsverhalten auf als bei älteren Störchen. Eine signifikante Zunahme der Ausbreitungsdistanz von Individuen über die Zeit lässt auf eine dichteabhängige Komponente im Ausbreitungsverhalten der Weißstörche schließen. Weiterhin wurde eine signifikante Interaktion zwischen dem Alter sich ausbreitender Individuen und dem betrachteten Jahr gefunden. Demzufolge breiteten sich alte Vögel über die Zeit über größere Distanzen aus, vermutlich um der ansteigenden Konkurrenz, bedingt durch den wachsenden Bestandsdruck, zu entgehen. KW - Weißstorch KW - Altersabhängigkeit KW - Dichteabhängigkeit KW - Ausbreitungsverhalten KW - Reproduktivität KW - White stork KW - age-dependent KW - density-dependent KW - dispersal behavior KW - breeding ability Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-39052 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Beaumont, Robin N. A1 - Warrington, Nicole M. A1 - Cavadino, Alana A1 - Tyrrell, Jessica A1 - Nodzenski, Michael A1 - Horikoshi, Momoko A1 - Geller, Frank A1 - Myhre, Ronny A1 - Richmond, Rebecca C. A1 - Paternoster, Lavinia A1 - Bradfield, Jonathan P. A1 - Kreiner-Møller, Eskil A1 - Huikari, Ville A1 - Metrustry, Sarah A1 - Lunetta, Kathryn L. A1 - Painter, Jodie N. A1 - Hottenga, Jouke-Jan A1 - Allard, Catherine A1 - Barton, Sheila J. A1 - Espinosa, Ana A1 - Marsh, Julie A. A1 - Potter, Catherine A1 - Zhang, Ge A1 - Ang, Wei A1 - Berry, Diane J. A1 - Bouchard, Luigi A1 - Das, Shikta A1 - Hakonarson, Hakon A1 - Heikkinen, Jani A1 - Helgeland, Øyvind A1 - Hocher, Berthold A1 - Hofman, Albert A1 - Inskip, Hazel M. A1 - Jones, Samuel E. A1 - Kogevinas, Manolis A1 - Lind, Penelope A. A1 - Marullo, Letizia A1 - Medland, Sarah E. A1 - Murray, Anna A1 - Murray, Jeffrey C. A1 - Njølstad, Pa ̊l R. A1 - Nohr, Ellen A. A1 - Reichetzeder, Christoph A1 - Ring, Susan M. A1 - Ruth, Katherine S. A1 - Santa-Marina, Loreto A1 - Scholtens, Denise M. A1 - Sebert, Sylvain A1 - Sengpiel, Verena A1 - Tuke, Marcus A. A1 - Vaudel, Marc A1 - Weedon, Michael N. A1 - Willemsen, Gonneke A1 - Wood, Andrew R. A1 - Yaghootkar, Hanieh A1 - Muglia, Louis J. A1 - Bartels, Meike A1 - Relton, Caroline L. A1 - Pennell, Craig E. A1 - Chatzi, Leda A1 - Estivill, Xavier A1 - Holloway, John W. A1 - Boomsma, Dorret I. A1 - Montgomery, Grant W. A1 - Murabito, Joanne M. A1 - Spector, Tim D. A1 - Power, Christine A1 - Ja ̈rvelin, Marjo-Ritta A1 - Bisgaard, Hans A1 - Grant, Struan F.A. A1 - Sørensen, Thorkild I.A. A1 - Jaddoe, Vincent W. A1 - Jacobsson, Bo A1 - Melbye, Mads A1 - McCarthy, Mark I. A1 - Hattersley, Andrew T. A1 - Hayes, M. Geoffrey A1 - Frayling, Timothy M. A1 - Hivert, Marie-France A1 - Felix, Janine F. A1 - Hyppo ̈nen, Elina A1 - Lowe, William L. , Jr A1 - Evans, David M. A1 - Lawlor, Debbie A. A1 - Feenstra, Bjarke A1 - Freathy, Rachel M. T1 - Genome-wide association study of offspring birth weight in 86 577 women identifies five novel loci and highlights maternal genetic effects that are independent of fetal genetics T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Genome-wide association studies of birth weight have focused on fetal genetics, whereas relatively little is known about the role of maternal genetic variation. We aimed to identify maternal genetic variants associated with birth weight that could highlight potentially relevant maternal determinants of fetal growth. We meta-analysed data on up to 8.7 million SNPs in up to 86 577 women of European descent from the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium and the UK Biobank. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) and analyses of mother–child pairs to quantify the separate maternal and fetal genetic effects. Maternal SNPs at 10 loci (MTNR1B, HMGA2, SH2B3, KCNAB1, L3MBTL3, GCK, EBF1, TCF7L2, ACTL9, CYP3A7) were associated with offspring birth weight at P < 5 Â 10 À8 . In SEM analyses, at least 7 of the 10 associations were consistent with effects of the maternal genotype acting via the intrauterine environment, rather than via effects of shared alleles with the fetus. Variants, or correlated proxies, at many of the loci had been previously associated with adult traits, including fasting glucose (MTNR1B, GCK and TCF7L2) and sex hormone levels (CYP3A7), and one (EBF1) with gestational duration. The identified associations indicate that genetic effects on maternal glucose, cytochrome P450 activity and gestational duration, and potentially on maternal blood pressure and immune function, are relevant for fetal growth. Further characterization of these associations in mechanistic and causal analyses will enhance understanding of the potentially modifiable maternal determinants of fetal growth, with the goal of reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with low and high birth weights. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 628 KW - alleles KW - birth weight KW - fetus KW - genotype KW - mothers KW - single nucleotide polymorphism KW - genetics KW - duration of gestation KW - genome-wide association study KW - offspring KW - biobanks Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-423100 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 628 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneeberger, Karin A1 - Schulze, Michael A1 - Scheffler, Ingo A1 - Caspers, Barbara A. T1 - Evidence of female preference for odor of distant over local males in a bat with female dispersal JF - Behavioral ecology : the official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology N2 - Geographic variation of sexually selected male traits is common in animals. Female choice also varies geographically and several studies found female preference for local males, which is assumed to lead to local adaptation and, therefore, increases fitness. As females are the nondispersing sex in most mammalian taxa, this preference for local males might be explained by the learning of male characteristics. Studies on the preference of females in female-dispersing species are lacking so far. To find out whether such females would also show preferences for local males, we conducted a study on greater sac-winged bats (Saccopteryx bilineata), a species where females disperse and males stay in their natal colony. Male greater sac-winged bats possess a wing pouch that is filled with odoriferous secretion and fanned toward females during courtship display. In a combination of chemical analysis and behavioral preference tests, we analyzed whether the composition of wing sac secretion varies between two geographically distinct populations (300 km), and whether females show a preference for local or distant male scent. Using gas chromatography, we found significant differences in the composition of the wing sac odors between the two geographically distinct populations. In addition, the behavioral preference experiments revealed that females of both populations preferred the scent of geographically distant males over local males. The wing sac odor might thus be used to guarantee optimal outbreeding when dispersing to a new colony. This is-to our knowledge-the first study on odor preference of females of a species with female-biased dispersal. KW - bats KW - dispersal KW - female preference KW - male philopatry KW - odor KW - olfaction Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arab003 SN - 1045-2249 SN - 1465-7279 VL - 32 IS - 4 SP - 657 EP - 661 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER -