TY - GEN
A1 - Morris, Penelope J.
A1 - Salt, Carina
A1 - Raila, Jens
A1 - Brenten, Thomas
A1 - Kohn, Barbara
A1 - Schweigert, Florian J.
A1 - Zentek, Jürgen
T1 - Safety evaluation of vitamin A in growing dogs
T2 - Potsprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2 - The safe upper limit for inclusion of vitamin A in complete diets for growing dogs is uncertain, with the result that current recommendations range from 5.24 to 104.80 mu mol retinol (5000 to 100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) metabolisable energy (ME). The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of feeding four concentrations of vitamin A to puppies from weaning until 1 year of age. A total of forty-nine puppies, of two breeds, Labrador Retriever and Miniature Schnauzer, were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. Following weaning at 8 weeks of age, puppies were fed a complete food supplemented with retinyl acetate diluted in vegetable oil and fed at 1ml oil/100 g diet to achieve an intake of 5.24, 13.10, 78.60 and 104.80 mu mol retinol (5000, 12 500, 75 000 and 100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) ME. Fasted blood and urine samples were collected at 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 26, 36 and 52 weeks of age and analysed for markers of vitamin A metabolism and markers of safety including haematological and biochemical variables, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptides of type I collagen and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Clinical examinations were conducted every 4 weeks. Data were analysed by means of a mixed model analysis with Bonferroni corrections for multiple endpoints. There was no effect of vitamin A concentration on any of the parameters, with the exception of total serum retinyl esters, and no effect of dose on the number, type and duration of adverse events. We therefore propose that 104.80 mu mol retinol (100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) is a suitable safe upper limit for use in the formulation of diets designed for puppy growth.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 686
KW - puppies
KW - dogs
KW - Retinol
KW - Retinyl esters
KW - vitamin A
Y1 - 2019
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414929
IS - 686
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weingart, C.
A1 - Raila, Jens
A1 - Lübke-Becker, A.
A1 - Kershaw, O.
A1 - Brunnberg, M.
A1 - Kohn, B.
T1 - Calcitriol induced hypercalcemia in a hunting dog with a disseminated Paecilomyces variotii infection
T1 - Calcitriol-bedingte Hyperkalzämie bei einem Jagdhund mit disseminierter Paecilomyces variotii-Infektion
JF - Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde
N2 - A 5-year old hunting dog was presented with reduced appetite, weight loss and polyuria/polydipsia. Hematology and clinical chemistry revealed anemia, leukocytosis, increased liver enzymes, hypoalbuminemia and hypercalcemia. The cytological, pathohistological and microbiological examination identified a disseminated infection with the saprophytic mould fungus Paecilomyces variotii in the biopsies of the spleen and a lymph node. Determination of vitamin D metabolites confirmed a calcitriol induced hypercalcemia.
N2 - Ein 5-jähriger Jagdhund wurde wegen verminderter Futteraufnahme, Gewichtsverlust und Polyurie/Polydipsie vorgestellt. In der hämatologischen und klinisch-chemischen Blutuntersuchung wurde neben einer Anämie und Leukozytose eine Erhöhung der Leberenzyme, Hypoalbuminämie und Hyperkalzämie festgestellt. Durch zytologische, pathohistologische und mikrobiologische Untersuchungen von Biopsien aus Milz und Lymphknoten konnte eine systemische Schimmelpilzinfektion mit Paecilomyces variotii nachgewiesen werden. Die Bestimmung der Vitamin-D-Metabolite bestätigte das Vorliegen einer Hyperkalzämie infolge einer Erhöhung der Calcitriolkonzentration.
KW - mould fungus
KW - calcium
KW - polyuria/polydipsia
KW - dog
KW - Schimmelpilzinfektion
KW - Kalzium
KW - Polyurie/ Polydipsie
KW - Hund
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.17236/sat00161
SN - 0036-7281
SN - 1664-2848
IS - 5
SP - 313
EP - 319
PB - Gesellschaft Schweizer Tierärztinnen und Tierärzte
CY - Bern
ET - 160
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Arnold, Patrick
A1 - Rutschmann, Sereina
T1 - UCE sequencing-derived mitogenomes reveal the timing of mitochondrial replacement in Malagasy shrew tenrecs (Afrosoricida, Tenrecidae, Microgale)
JF - Mammalian biology = Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde
N2 - Malagasy shrew tenrecs (Microgale) have increasingly been used to study speciation genetics over the last years. A previous study recently uncovered gene flow between the Shrew-toothed shrew tenrec (M. soricoides) and sympatric southern population of the Pale shrew tenrec (M. fotsifotsy). This gene flow has been suggested to be accompanied by complete mitochondrial replacement in M. fotsifotsy. To explore the temporal framework of this replacement, we assembled mitogenomes from publicly available sequencing data of ultra-conserved elements. We were able to assemble complete and partial mitogenomes for 19 specimens from five species of shrew tenrecs, which represents a multifold increase in mitogenomic resources available for all tenrecs. Phylogenetic inferences and sequence simulations support the close relationship between the mitochondrial lineages of M. soricoides and the southern population of M. fotsifotsy. Based on the nuclear divergence of northern and southern populations of M. fotsifotsy and the mitochondrial divergence between the latter and M. soricoides, there was a mean time window for replacement of similar to 350,000 years. This timeframe implies that the effective size of the ancestral M. fotsifotsy southern population was less 70,000.
KW - Microgale
KW - Tenrecs
KW - Gene flow
KW - Mitochondrial replacement
KW - Madagascar
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00246-2
SN - 1616-5047
SN - 1618-1476
VL - 102
IS - 2
SP - 531
EP - 536
PB - Springer
CY - Heidelberg
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Di Giacomo, Adrian S.
A1 - Di Giacomo, Alejandro G.
A1 - Kliger, Rafi
A1 - Reboreda, Juan C.
A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph
A1 - Mahler, Bettina
T1 - No evidence of genetic variation in microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers among remaining populations of the Strange-tailed Tyrant Alectrurus risora, an endangered grassland species
T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2 - The Strange-tailed Tyrant Alectrurus risora (Aves: Tyrannidae) is an endemic species of southern South American grasslands that suffered a 90% reduction of its original distribution due to habitat transformation. This has led the species to be classified as globally Vulnerable. By the beginning of the last century, populations were partially migratory and moved south during the breeding season. Currently, the main breeding population inhabits the Ibera wetlands in the province of Corrientes, north-east Argentina, where it is resident all year round. There are two remaining small populations in the province of Formosa, north-east Argentina, and in southern Paraguay, which are separated from the main population by the Parana-Paraguay River and its continuous riverine forest habitat. The populations of Corrientes and Formosa are separated by 300 km and the grasslands between populations are non-continuous due to habitat transformation. We used mtDNA sequences and eight microsatellite loci to test if there were evidences of genetic isolation between Argentinean populations. We found no evidence of genetic structure between populations (Phi(ST) = 0.004, P = 0.32; Fst = 0.01, P = 0.06), which can be explained by either retained ancestral polymorphism or by dispersal between populations. We found no evidence for a recent demographic bottleneck in nuclear loci. Our results indicate that these populations could be managed as a single conservation unit on a regional scale. Conservation actions should be focused on preserving the remaining network of areas with natural grasslands to guarantee reproduction, dispersal and prevent further decline of populations.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 583
KW - conservation genetics
KW - fragmentation
KW - flycatchers
KW - challenges
KW - dispersal
KW - software
KW - networks
KW - birds
KW - units
KW - bottlenecks
Y1 - 2019
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414427
IS - 583
SP - 127
EP - 138
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Wutke, Saskia
T1 - Tracing Changes in Space and Time
BT - Paternal Diversity and Phenotypic Traits during Horse Domestication
N2 - The horse is a fascinating animal symbolizing power, beauty, strength and grace. Among all the animal species domesticated the horse had the largest impact on the course of human history due to its importance for warfare and transportation. Studying the process of horse domestication contributes to the knowledge about the history of horses and even of our own species.
Research based on molecular methods has increasingly focused on the genetic basis of horse domestication. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analyses of modern and ancient horses detected immense maternal diversity, probably due to many mares that contributed to the domestic population. However, mtDNA does not provide an informative phylogeographic structure. In contrast, Y chromosome analyses displayed almost complete uniformity in modern stallions but relatively high diversity in a few ancient horses. Further molecular markers that seem to be well suited to infer the domestication history of horses or genetic and phenotypic changes during this process are loci associated with phenotypic traits.
This doctoral thesis consists of three different parts for which I analyzed various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with coat color, locomotion or Y chromosomal variation of horses. These SNPs were genotyped in 350 ancient horses from the Chalcolithic (5,000 BC) to the Middle Ages (11th century). The distribution of the samples ranges from China to the Iberian Peninsula and Iceland. By applying multiplexed next-generation sequencing (NGS) I sequenced short amplicons covering the relevant positions: i) eight coat-color-associated mutations in six genes to deduce the coat color phenotype; ii) the so-called ’Gait-keeper’ SNP in the DMRT3 gene to screen for the ability to amble; iii) 16 SNPs previously detected in ancient horses to infer the corresponding haplotype. Based on these data I investigated the occurrence and frequencies of alleles underlying the respective phenotypes as well as Y chromosome haplotypes at different times and regions. Also, selection coefficients for several Y chromosome lineages or phenotypes were estimated.
Concerning coat color differences in ancient horses my work constitutes the most comprehensive study to date. I detected an increase of chestnut horses in the Middle Ages as well as differential selection for spotted and solid phenotypes over time which reflects changing human preferences.
With regard to ambling horses, the corresponding allele was present in medieval English and Icelandic horses. Based on these results I argue that Norse settlers, who frequently invaded parts of Britain, brought ambling individuals to Iceland from the British Isles which can be regarded the origin of this trait. Moreover, these settlers appear to have selected for ambling in Icelandic horses.
Relating to the third trait, the paternal diversity, these findings represent the largest ancient dataset of Y chromosome variation in non-humans. I proved the existence of several Y chromosome haplotypes in early domestic horses. The decline of Y chromosome variation coincides with the movement of nomadic peoples from the Eurasian steppes and later with different breeding practices in the Roman period.
In conclusion, positive selection was estimated for several phenotypes/lineages
in different regions or times which indicates that these were preferred by humans. Furthermore, I could successfully infer the distribution and dispersal of horses in association with human movements and actions. Thereby, a better understanding of the influence of people on the changing appearance and genetic diversity of domestic horses could be gained. My results also emphasize the close relationship of ancient genetics and archeology or history and that only in combination well-founded conclusions can be reached.
KW - ancient DNA
KW - domestication
KW - horse
KW - equus caballus
KW - locomotion
KW - Y chromosome
KW - coat colour
Y1 - 2016
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Grauf, Coronula
T1 - Brutaktivität und Verhalten der Kiwis (Apteryx mantelli) im Zoo Berlin
T1 - Breeding activity and behaviour of kiwis (Apteryx mantelli) at Berlin Zoo
N2 - Der Streifenkiwi (Apteryx mantelli) kommt im Freiland nur auf der Nordinsel Neuseelands vor. Aufgrund des gefährdeten Bestands ist eine sich selbst erhaltene Zoopopulation wichtig. Kenntnisse des Verhaltens helfen, die Ansprüche der Tiere zu verstehen. Zudem können sie darüber Auskunft geben, inwiefern das Wohlbefinden eines Tieres gegeben ist. Durch die Untersuchung der Brutaktivität sollte ein Überblick über den allgemeinen Verlauf der Brut gegeben und Aktivitätsmuster für den Berliner Hahn erarbeitet werden, um den Verlauf zukünftiger Bruten einschätzen und eventuell positiv beeinflussen zu können. Dazu kamen die Untersuchung der täglichen Aktivität einer Henne sowie Beobachtungen des Verhaltens der Tiere. Diese dienten der Bestandsaufnahme der gezeigten Verhaltensweisen und sollten zusammen mit der Aktivität die Grundlage zur Einschätzung bilden, ob die Ansprüche der Kiwis im Zoo Berlin erfüllt werden, und Hinweise zur Verbesserung der Haltung geben. Die Brutaktivität des Hahnes konnte über drei Brutperioden hinweg detailliert dargestellt werden und zeigte, dass nicht nur innerhalb der Art sondern bei einem einzigen Tier unter ähnlichen Bedingungen die Variabilität so groß sein kann, dass sie für Vorhersagen über den Erfolg einer Brut nicht geeignet ist. Im Zusammenhang mit der Aktivität der Henne ließen sich keine Auffälligkeiten erkennen, die auf eine allgemeine Störung der Tiere schließen lassen oder für eine Beeinträchtigung der Brut verantwortlich gemacht werden könnten. Soweit aus den Beobachtungen im Freiland geschlossen werden kann, scheinen die Kiwis im Zoo ein weitgehend natürliches Verhalten zu zeigen. Die Haltungsbedingungen scheinen den Ansprüchen der Tiere zu entsprechen. Es ließen sich nur bedingt Strategien entwickeln, um die Bedingungen für die Brut und damit für die Nachzucht zu verbessern, da sich die Aktivität des Hahnes während der Brut von Jahr zu Jahr als unerwartet variabel erwies. Für ein weiteres Verständnis des Brutverhaltens und eine mögliche Verbesserung der Bedingungen wäre eine Untersuchung zum Einfluss verschiedener Umweltfaktoren auf die Brutaktivität des Hahnes wünschenswert.
N2 - The North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli) is an endemic inhabitant of New Zealand's North Island. A self-preserving population at the zoos is important because of endangerment in the wild. Knowledge about their behaviour can help to understand the animal's requirements. Additionally it can provide information on the extent to which their well-being is given in captivity. Observing the breeding activity should lead to an overview of the brood's characteristics and the male's activity pattern in order to assess future broods and possibly influence them in a positive way. Additional observations about the female's daily activity and the male's and female's behaviour were conducted. This led to an inventory of their behavioural patterns. Together with the activity data, this provided a basis for assessing the well-being of the kiwis at Berlin Zoo and to optimize the keeping conditions. The male's breeding activity was described in detail for three breeding periods. It was shown that the variability was very high under similar conditions, so predictions about the breeding success were feasible. In conjunction with the female's activity there were no indications implying an overall disturbance negatively influencing the animals or their breeding. As far as it is known from observations in the wild, kiwis at the zoo seem to widely display natural behavioural patterns. The keeping conditions appear to meet the animal's demands. There were only few strategies that could be developed for further optimization of the breeding conditions because of the high variability of the male's activity. For a deeper understanding of the breeding behaviour and possible improvement of the breeding and keeping conditions, additional research about the activity's dependency on environmental factors would be desirable.
KW - Apteryx
KW - Zoo
KW - Aktivität
KW - Brut
KW - Verhalten
KW - Apteryx
KW - Zoo
KW - Activity
KW - Breeding
KW - Behaviour
Y1 - 2009
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-43709
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Pavesi, Laura
A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph
A1 - De Matthaeis, Elvira
A1 - Ketmaier, Valerio
T1 - Genetic connectivity between land and sea
BT - the case of the beachflea Orchestia montagui (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae) in the Mediterranean Sea
N2 - Introduction: We examined patterns of genetic divergence in 26 Mediterranean populations of the semi-terrestrial beachflea Orchestia montagui using mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase subunit I), microsatellite (eight loci) and allozymic data. The species typically forms large populations within heaps of dead seagrass leaves stranded on beaches at the waterfront. We adopted a hierarchical geographic sampling to unravel population structure in a species living at the sea-land transition and, hence, likely subjected to dramatically contrasting forces.
Results: Mitochondrial DNA showed historical phylogeographic breaks among Adriatic, Ionian and the remaining basins (Tyrrhenian, Western and Eastern Mediterranean Sea) likely caused by the geological and climatic changes of the Pleistocene. Microsatellites (and to a lesser extent allozymes) detected a further subdivision between and within the Western Mediterranean and the Tyrrhenian Sea due to present-day processes. A pattern of isolation by distance was not detected in any of the analyzed data set.
Conclusions: We conclude that the population structure of O. montagui is the result of the interplay of two contrasting forces that act on the species population genetic structure. On one hand, the species semi-terrestrial life style would tend to determine the onset of local differences. On the other hand, these differences are partially counter-balanced by passive movements of migrants via rafting on heaps of dead seagrass leaves across sites by sea surface currents. Approximate Bayesian Computations support dispersal at sea as prevalent over terrestrial regionalism.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 399
KW - Orchestia montagui
KW - Talitrids
KW - Mediterranean Sea
KW - Phylogeography
KW - Mitochondrial DNA
KW - Microsatellites
KW - Allozymes
KW - Approximate Bayesian Computation
Y1 - 2017
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401110
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Canitz, Julia
A1 - Kirschbaum, Frank
A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1 - Transcriptome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms related to electric organ discharge differentiation among African weakly electric fish species
JF - PLoS one
N2 - African weakly electric fish of the mormyrid genus Campylomormyrus generate pulse-type electric organ discharges (EODs) for orientation and communication. Their pulse durations are species-specific and elongated EODs are a derived trait. So far, differential gene expression among tissue-specific transcriptomes across species with different pulses and point mutations in single ion channel genes indicate a relation of pulse duration and electrocyte geometry/excitability. However, a comprehensive assessment of expressed Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) throughout the entire transcriptome of African weakly electric fish, with the potential to identify further genes influencing EOD duration, is still lacking. This is of particular value, as discharge duration is likely based on multiple cellular mechanisms and various genes. Here we provide the first transcriptome-wide SNP analysis of African weakly electric fish species (genus Campylomormyrus) differing by EOD duration to identify candidate genes and cellular mechanisms potentially involved in the determination of an elongated discharge of C. tshokwe. Non-synonymous substitutions specific to C. tshokwe were found in 27 candidate genes with inferred positive selection among Campylomormyrus species. These candidate genes had mainly functions linked to transcriptional regulation, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Further, by comparing gene annotations between C. compressirostris (ancestral short EOD) and C. tshokwe (derived elongated EOD), we identified 27 GO terms and 2 KEGG pathway categories for which C. tshokwe significantly more frequently exhibited a species-specific expressed substitution than C. compressirostris. The results indicate that transcriptional regulation as well cell proliferation and differentiation take part in the determination of elongated pulse durations in C. tshokwe. Those cellular processes are pivotal for tissue morphogenesis and might determine the shape of electric organs supporting the observed correlation between electrocyte geometry/tissue structure and discharge duration. The inferred expressed SNPs and their functional implications are a valuable resource for future investigations on EOD durations.
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240812
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 15
IS - 10
PB - PLoS
CY - San Francisco, California, US
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Scheffler, Christiane
A1 - Dammhahn, Melanie
T1 - Feminization of the fat distribution pattern of children and adolescents in a recent German population
JF - American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council
N2 - Objectives
During the early 1990s, the economic and political situation in eastern Germany changed overnight. Here, we use the rare chance of an experiment-like setting in humans and aim to test whether the rapid change of environmental conditions in eastern Germany in the 1990s led to a change in the sex-specific fat distribution pattern, an endocrine-influenced phenotypic marker.
METHODS
Based on a cross-sectional data set of 6- to 18-year-old girls and boys measured between 1982-1991 and 1997-2012, we calculated a skinfold ratio of triceps to subscapular and percentage of body fat. Using linear regressions, we tested for differences in percentage of body fat and skinfold ratio between these two time periods.
RESULTS
We found that the percentage of body fat increased in boys and girls, and they accumulated relatively more fat on extremities than on the trunk in all BMI groups measured after 1997 as compared to those measured between 1982 and 1991.
CONCLUSIONS
Concurrent with drastic and rapid changes of environmental conditions, the body fat distribution of children and adolescents changed to a more feminized pattern during the early 1990s in an East German population. The changes in this endocrinologically mediated pattern might be associated with the increased exposure of individuals to endocrine-disrupting chemicals which are known to influence the endocrine, reproductive, and immune systems in animals and humans.
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23017
SN - 1042-0533
SN - 1520-6300
VL - 29
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Sroka, Pavel
A1 - Godunko, Roman J.
A1 - Rutschmann, Sereina
A1 - Angeli, Kamila B.
A1 - Salles, Frederico F.
A1 - Gattolliat, Jean-Luc
T1 - A new species of Bungona in Turkey (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)
BT - an unexpected biogeographic pattern within a pantropical complex of mayflies
JF - Zoosytematics and evolution
N2 - By using an integrative approach, we describe a new species of mayfly, Bungona (Chopralla) pontica sp. n., from Turkey. The discovery of a representative of the tropical mayfly genus Bungona in the Middle East is rather unexpected. The new species shows all the main morphological characters of the subgenus Chopralla, which has its closest related species occurring in southeastern Asia. Barcoding clearly indicated that the new species represents an independent lineage isolated for a very long time from other members of the complex. The claw is equipped with two rows of three or four flattened denticles. This condition is a unique feature of Bungona (Chopralla) pontica sp. n. among West Palaearctic mayfly species. Within the subgenus Chopralla, the species can be identified by the presence of a simple, not bifid right prostheca (also present only in Bungona (Chopralla) liebenauae (Soldan, Braasch & Muu, 1987)), the shape of the labial palp, and the absence of protuberances on pronotum.
KW - Biogeography
KW - Cloeodes complex
KW - Chopralla
KW - integrative taxonomy
KW - Middle East
KW - new species
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.29487
SN - 1860-0743
VL - 95
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 13
PB - Pensoft Publ.
CY - Sofia
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hodapp, Alice
A1 - Rabovsky, Milena
T1 - The N400 ERP component reflects an error-based implicit learning signal during language comprehension
JF - European journal of neuroscience
N2 - The functional significance of the N400 evoked-response component is still actively debated. An increasing amount of theoretical and computational modelling work is built on the interpretation of the N400 as a prediction error. In neural network modelling work, it was proposed that the N400 component can be interpreted as the change in a probabilistic representation of meaning that drives the continuous adaptation of an internal model of the statistics of the environment. These results imply that increased N400 amplitudes should correspond to greater adaptation, which can be measured via implicit memory. To investigate this model derived hypothesis, the current study manipulated expectancy in a sentence reading task to influence N400 amplitudes and subsequently presented the previously expected vs. unexpected words in a perceptual identification task to measure implicit memory. As predicted, reaction times in the perceptual identification task were significantly faster for previously unexpected words that induced larger N400 amplitudes in the previous sentence reading task. Additionally, it could be demonstrated that this adaptation seems to specifically depend on the process underlying N400 amplitudes, as participants with larger N400 differences during sentence reading also exhibited a larger implicit memory benefit in the perceptual identification task. These findings support the interpretation of the N400 as an implicit learning signal driving adaptation in language processing.
KW - adaptation
KW - EEG
KW - expectancy
KW - implicit learning
KW - prediction error
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.15462
SN - 0953-816X
SN - 1460-9568
VL - 54
IS - 9
SP - 7125
EP - 7140
PB - Wiley
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schlägel, Ulrike E.
A1 - Mädlow, Wolfgang
T1 - All-season space use by non-native resident Mandarin Ducks (Aix galericulata) in northeastern Germany
JF - Journal of ornithology / publ. by Deutsche Ornithologen-Gesellschaft
N2 - Patterns of space use are often subject to large temporal and individual-level variation, due to seasonality in behaviour and environmental conditions as well as age- or sex-specific needs. Especially in temperate regions, seasonality likely influences space use even in non-migratory birds. In waterfowl of the family Anatidae, however, few studies have analyzed space use of the same individuals across the full annual cycle. We used a resident population of Mandarin Ducks (Aix galericulata) in northeast Germany to study their year-round space use in relation to season, sex, and age. We marked 172 birds with colour rings and surveyed relevant water bodies for re-encounters for several years. As space-use patterns we derived home ranges from minimum convex polygons and the number of water bodies used by individual birds. Our analysis revealed that individuals shifted their space use between seasons, in particular extending their home ranges during the non-breeding season. Between years, in contrast, birds tended to show season-specific site fidelity. Sex differences were apparent during both breeding and non-breeding season, males consistently having larger home ranges and using slightly more water bodies. No difference was found between first-year and adult birds. Our study demonstrates that mark-resighting can provide valuable information about space use in species with suitable behaviour and readily accessible habitat. In such cases, it may be a valid alternative to more expensive GPS-tracking or short-term manual radio telemetry, particularly within citizen-science projects.
N2 - Raumnutzungsmuster von Vögeln zeigen häufig große zeitliche und individuelle Variationen in Abhängigkeit vom saisonalen Verhalten und von Umweltbedingungen, aber auch alters- und geschlechtsspezifischen Ansprüchen. In gemäßigten Klimazonen können jahreszeitliche Einflussfaktoren die Raumnutzung auch von nicht ziehenden Arten bestimmen. Für Entenvögel (Anatidae) liegen bisher jedoch nur wenige Studien vor, die die Raumnutzung von Individuen über den gesamten Jahresverlauf hinweg betrachten. Wir untersuchten die ganzjährige Raumnutzung einer Standvogel-Population der Mandarinente (Aix galericulata) in Abhängigkeit von Jahreszeit, Geschlecht und Alter der Vögel. Wir markierten 172 Vögel mit Farbringen und kontrollierten mehrere Jahre lang die relevanten Gewässer, um Ringablesungen zu erzielen. Zur Analyse der Raumnutzung ermittelten wir Minimum-Convex-Polygone und die Anzahl der von den einzelnen Individuen genutzten Gewässer. Unsere Auswertung zeigte, dass die von den Vögeln genutzten Aktionsräume sich mit den Jahreszeiten veränderten. Insbesondere vergrößerte sich das besuchte Gebiet außerhalb der Brutzeit. Beim Vergleich mehrerer Jahre tendierten die Vögel zu einer saisonspezifischen Gebietstreue. Geschlechterunterschiede zeigten sich sowohl innerhalb als auch außerhalb der Brutzeit, wobei die Männchen stets größere Gebiete und eine größere Zahl an Gewässern nutzten. Zwischen Vögeln im ersten Lebensjahr und Adulten wurden keine Unterschiede gefunden. Unsere Untersuchung zeigt, dass Farbberingungsprogramme wertvolle Informationen zur Raumnutzung bei Arten liefern können, deren Verhalten dafür geeignet ist und die in gut zugänglichen Lebensräumen vorkommen. In diesen Fällen kann die Farbberingung eine geeignete Alternative zur teureren GPS- oder manuellen Telemetrie sein, vor allem wenn die vereinte Kraft von Amateurornithologen in die Untersuchungen einbezogen werden kann.
KW - Anatidae
KW - Aix galericulata
KW - Home range
KW - Site fidelity
KW - Movement
KW - Seasonality
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-021-01932-7
SN - 2193-7192
SN - 2193-7206
VL - 163
IS - 1
SP - 71
EP - 82
PB - Springer
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schneeberger, Karin
A1 - Taborsky, Michael
T1 - The role of sensory ecology and cognition in social decisions
BT - costs of acquiring information matter
JF - Functional ecology : an official journal of the British Ecological Society
N2 - 1. We generally assume that animals should maximize information acquisition about their environment to make prudent decisions. But this is a naive assumption, as gaining information typically involves costs.
2. This is especially so in the social context, where interests between interacting partners usually diverge. The arms race involved in mutual assessment is characterized by the attempt to obtain revealing information from a partner while providing only as much information by oneself as is conducive to one's own intentions.
3. If obtaining information occasions costs in terms of time, energy and risk, animals should be selected to base their decisions on a cost-benefit ratio that takes account of the trade-off between the risk of making wrong choices and the costs involved in information acquisition, processing and use.
4. In addition, there may be physiological and/or environmental constraints limiting the ability to obtaining, processing and utilizing reliable information.
5. Here, we discuss recent empirical evidence for the proposition that social decisions are to an important extent based on the costs that result from acquiring, processing, evaluating and storing information. Using examples from different taxa and ecological contexts, we aim at drawing attention to the often neglected costs of information recipience, with emphasis on the potential role of sensory ecology and cognition in social decisions.
KW - behaviour
KW - constrains
KW - costs
KW - decisions
KW - signals
KW - sociality
KW - trade-offs
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13488
SN - 0269-8463
SN - 1365-2435
VL - 34
IS - 2
SP - 302
EP - 309
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Voss, Insa
T1 - Die Bedeutung der Paarbindung für das Fortpflanzungspotential von Papageienvögeln (Psittaciformes) : vergleichende Untersuchung zu Hormonstatus und Verhalten
T1 - The relevance of pair bonding for reproductive potential in parrots (Psittaciformes) : comparative study on hormonal state and behaviour
N2 - Zum Erhalt vom Aussterben bedrohter Papageienvögel (Psittaciformes) ist die Nachzucht in Menschenobhut neben dem Erhalt freilebender Populationen von großer Bedeutung, die Reproduktion bestimmter Arten gelingt allerdings nur unzureichend. Als Hauptgrund dafür gilt die Zwangsverpaarung im Rahmen von Zuchtprogrammen (Beispiel: Europäisches Erhaltungszuchtprogramm, EEP), hier werden Brutpaare hauptsächlich nach genetischen Aspekten zusammengestellt. Der reproduktive Erfolg ist bei den meisten Papageienarten, die in dauerhaften Paarbindungen leben (perennial monogamy), eng der Paarbindung korreliert. Eine freie Partnerwahl ist demnach von großer Bedeutung für die Zucht in Menschenobhut, im Rahmen von Erhaltungszuchtprogrammen jedoch nur selten möglich. Das Ziel der Untersuchung war, eine wissenschaftlich begründete Methode zu entwickeln, durch die es möglich sein soll, das Fortpflanzungspotential von Brutpaaren der Gattung Ara anhand der Paarbindung zu bestimmen. Dafür wurde die Bedeutung der Qualität der Paarbindung der Brutpaare für den Lebens-Reproduktionserfolg (Lifetime-reproductive success, LRS) untersucht. Die Datenaufnahme erfolgte in dem Zuchtzentrum 'La Vera' der Loro Parque Fundación auf Teneriffa/ Spanien. Hier wurden in den Jahren 2006 und 2007 21 Brutpaare der Gattung Ara untersucht. Die Paarbindung wurde zum Einen durch typisches Paarbindungsverhalten und zum Anderen durch die physiologische Abstimmung der einzelnen Brutpaare anhand der Ausschüttung des Steroidhormons Testosteron dargestellt. Das Paarbindungsverhalten setzte sich aus der ‚Abstimmung der Tagesaktivität’, dem ‚Kontaktverhalten’ und den ‚sozialen Interaktionen’ zusammen. Zur Abstimmung der Tagesaktivität zählten die Verhaltensweisen Ruhen, Sitzen, Nahrungsaufnahme, Gefiederpflege, Beschäftigung und Lokomotion. Unter Kontaktverhalten wurden das Überschreiten der Individualdistanz bei bestimmten Verhaltensweisen und die Rollenverteilung der Geschlechter untersucht. Unter ‚sozialen Interaktionen’ wurden die Dauer und der Häufigkeit der sozialen Gefiederpflege und der Sozialen Index zusammengefasst. Bei der sozialen Gefiederpflege wurde die Dauer und die Häufigkeit der Phasen erhoben, sowie der jeweilige Initiator dieser Interaktion. Zusätzlich wurde untersucht, welches Geschlecht, wie häufig und mit welcher Dauer aktiv an der sozialen Gefiederpflege beteiligt war. Aus den Beobachtungen wurde der soziale Index berechnet, der angibt, wie das Verhältnis sozio-positiver zu agonistischen Interaktionen für jedes Individuum, sowie das Paar an sich ist. Zur Messung der Testosteron-Ausschüttung der Partnertiere wurden von September bis November 2007 über einen Zeitraum von 9 Wochen jede Woche einmal für jedes Individuum Kotproben gesammelt. Mit der Analyse der Proben wurde das Veterinär-Physiologisch-Chemische-Institut der Universität Leipzig unter der Leitung von Prof. Dr. Almuth Einspanier beauftragt. Zur Ermittlung des Hormongehalts in den gewonnenen Kotproben diente ein kompetitiver Doppelantikörper-Enzymimmunoassay (EIA). Das Fortpflanzungspotential wurde über die Anzahl der Eier, Gelege und Jungtiere, sowie über die Gelegegröße dargestellt. Diese Daten geben, bezogen auf die Dauer der Paarbindung, Auskunft über die Produktivität eines Brutpaares, anhand dessen zusätzlich ein Produktivitäts-Koeffizient berechnet wurde. Des weiteren sollte die Anzahl der von einem Brutpaar selbständig großgezogenen Jungtiere Auskunft über die Fähigkeit zur kooperativen Jungenaufzucht geben. Zur Untersuchung der Bedeutung der Paarbindungsqualität wurden Diskriminanzfunktionsanalysen und Regressionsanalysen durchgeführt, wozu die untersuchten Brutpaare anhand ihres Fortpflanzungspotentials in verschiedene Gruppen eingeteilt wurden. Anhand der Ergebnisse der Studie konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Fortpflanzungspotential von Brutpaaren von verschiedenen Kriterien, die die Paarbindungsqualität charakterisieren, abhängt. Dabei ist zwischen der Produktivität und der Fähigkeit zur kooperativen Jungenaufzucht zu unterscheiden. Die Produktivität eines Paares wurde hinsichtlich der abgestimmten Tagesaktivität positiv vom synchronen Ruhen mit dem Partner beeinflusst, sowie von der Häufigkeit und Dauer der vom Weibchen ausgehenden sozialen Gefiederpflege. Brutpaare mit hoher Produktivität waren zudem über eine hohe ‚intra-Paar Fluktuation’ des Steroidhormons Testosteron gekennzeichnet. Die Brutpaare, die in der Lage sind, ihre Jungtiere in Kooperation großzuziehen, zeigten ebenfalls einen hohen Anteil zeitlich mit dem Partner abgestimmter Ruhephasen, zudem häufiges Ruheverhalten in Körperkontakt zum Partner und ein hohes zeitliches Investment der Männchen bei der Initiierung und Durchführung sozialer Gefiederpflege. Darüber hinaus zeigten Männchen, die einen Beitrag zur kooperativen Jungenaufzucht leisten, eine wesentlich geringere durchschnittliche Testosteron-Konzentration – bezogen auf den Untersuchungszeitraum, als Männchen, die Brutpaaren angehören, die nicht zur selbständigen Jungenaufzucht fähig sind. Dieses Ergebnis spiegelt die Bedeutung von Testosteron bei der elterlichen Fürsorge wider und bietet einen Anhaltspunkt für weitere Untersuchungen. Die Untersuchung konnte zeigen, dass es möglich und sinnvoll ist, das individuelle Verhalten von Tieren in Menschenobhut für den Erhalt bedrohter Tierarten einzusetzen. Weitere, auf dieser Studie aufbauende Untersuchungen sollten zum Ziel haben, zuverlässig die Brutpaare erkennbar zu machen, die über ein gutes Fortpflanzungspotential verfügen. Auf diese Weise kann unzureichender Reproduktionserfolg bedrohter Papageienarten in Menschenobhut infolge von Zwangsverpaarung minimiert werden.
N2 - In addition to preserve wild populations, captive breeding of certain species is important for the conservation of endangered parrots (Psittaciformes). However, captive breeding of parrot species is rarely successful. The main reason for this failure is that forced pairings are applied under the context of breeding programs such as European Endangered Species Program, EEP, in which breeding pairs are primarily selected under genetic aspects. Bond quality affects the reproductive success of most perennial monogamous parrot species significantly. A free mate selection is therefore important for successful breeding in captivity; however, it is hard to achieve as a part of conservation breeding programs. The aim of this study is to develop a scientific method to determine the reproductive potential of breeding pairs of the genus Ara based on the pair bond. Therefore, the relationship of the pair bond quality in breeding pairs for lifetime reproductive success (LRS) is investigated in this study. The data of 21 breeding pairs was collected in the breeding facility 'La Vera' of the Loro Parque Fundación in Tenerife, Spain between 2006 and 2007. The pair bond was characterized firstly by the typical pair bonding behaviour and secondly by the physiological adaptation of each breeding pair based on the steroid hormone testosterone releases. The pair bonding behaviour consisted in ‘daily activity', ‘contact behaviour' and 'social interactions'. The ‘daily activity' included the behaviours: resting, sitting, eating, preening, activity and movement. Certain individual behaviours and gender roles were examined for the ‘contact behaviour'. The duration and frequency of social preening and the social index were summarized as 'social interactions'. In the social preening the duration and frequency of the phases was recorded, and the respective initiator of this interaction. In addition, gender of the individual, frequency, and duration of the social preening was recorded. Furthermore the social index was calculated, which indicates the relationship between agonistic and socio-positive interactions. To measure the testosterone release in the pair members over 9 weeks (September to November 2007), faecal samples were collected from each individual once a week. The faecal samples were analyzed at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry at the University of Leipzig under supervision of Prof. Dr. Almuth Einspanier. Competitive double-Antibody Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) was applied to determine the testosteronecontent of the faecal samples. Reproductive success was represented by number of eggs, nests and chicks, and the clutch size. These data provide, based on the duration of the pair bond, information about the productivity of breeding pairs. Furthermore, the number of chicks reared by one breeding pair independently should provide information about the capacity for cooperative breeding. Breeding pairs were classified into different groups depending on their reproductive potential. This classification was verified by discriminant analysis and regression analysis to investigate the importance of the quality of the pair bond for reproductive success. I found that the reproductive potential of breeding pairs is related to various criteria that characterize the quality of a pair bond, but it is essential to distinguish between the productivity itself and the ability to cooperative breeding. The synchronous resting with a partner according to the daily activity, as well as the frequency and duration of social preening initiated by the female positively influenced the productivity of a pair. Breeding pairs with high productivity also showed a high ‚intra-pair fluctuation' of the steroid hormone testosterone level. The breeding pairs which are able to raise their young in cooperation also showed a high percentage of time with coordinated phases of resting, also frequent resting behaviour in physical contact with the partner and a high investment of males in the initiation and implementation of social preening. In addition, males, which actively contribute to cooperative breeding, showed significantly lower testosterone concentrations than males, which were members of breeding pairs not capable of raising chicks on its own. This result emphasizes the importance of testosterone during the parental care, especially in males, and provides a starting point for further investigations. My investigation shows that it is possible and useful to apply the individual behaviour of animals in captivity for the conservation of endangered species. Based on this study, further research should be aimed to expose reliable breeding pairs with good reproductive potential, by behaviour and by measuring hormonal states. In this way, poor reproductive success of endangered parrot species in captivity as a result of forced parings can be minimized.
KW - Papageien
KW - Paarbindung
KW - Erhaltungszucht
KW - Reproduktionserfolg
KW - Menschenobhut
KW - Parrots
KW - pair bonding
KW - conservation breeding
KW - reproductive success
KW - captivity
Y1 - 2009
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41596
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Blankenburg, Stefanie
T1 - Charakterisierung der GABAB-Rezeptor Subtypen 1 und 2 der Amerikanischen Großschabe Periplaneta americana
T1 - Characterization of GABAB receptor subtypes 1 and 2 of the American Cockroach Periplaneta americana
N2 - Die nichtproteinogene Aminosäure GABA (γ-Aminobuttersäure) gilt als der wichtigste inhibitorische Neurotransmitter im Zentralnervensystem von Vertebraten sowie Invertebraten und vermittelt ihre Wirkung u. a. über die metabotropen GABAB-Rezeptoren. Bisher sind diese Rezeptoren bei Insekten nur rudimentär untersucht. Für die Amerikanische Großschabe als etablierter Modellorganismus konnte pharmakologisch eine modulatorische Rolle der GABAB-Rezeptoren bei der Bildung von Primärspeichel nachgewiesen werden. Ziel dieser Arbeit war eine umfassende Charakterisierung der GABAB-Rezeptor-Subtypen 1 und 2 von Periplaneta americana. Unter Verwendung verschiedenster Klonierungsstrategien sowie der Kooperationsmöglichkeit mit der Arbeitsgruppe von Prof. Dr. T. Miura (Hokkaido, Japan) in Hinsicht auf eine dort etablierte P. americana EST-Datenbank gelang die Klonierung von zwei Rezeptor-cDNAs. Die Analyse der abgeleiteten Aminosäuresequenzen auf GB-spezifische Domänen und konservierte Aminosäure-Reste, sowie der Vergleich zu bekannten GB Sequenzen anderer Arten legen nahe, dass es sich bei den isolierten Sequenzen um die GABAB-Rezeptor-Subtypen 1 und 2 (PeaGB1 und PeaGB2) handelt. Für die funktionelle und pharmakologische Charakterisierung des Heteromers aus PeaGB1 und PeaGB2 wurden Expressionskonstrukte für die Transfektion in HEK-flpTM-Zellen hergestellt. Das Heteromer aus PeaGB1 und PeaGB2 hemmt bei steigenden GABA-Konzentrationen die cAMP-Produktion. Die Substanzen SKF97541 und 3-APPA konnten als Agonisten identifiziert werden. CGP55845 und CGP54626 wirken als vollwertige Antagonisten. Das in vitro ermittelte pharmakologische Profil im Vergleich zur Pharmakologie an der isolierten Drüse bestätigt, dass die GABA-Wirkung in der Speicheldrüse tatsächlich von GBs vermittelt wird. Für die immunhistochemische Charakterisierung konnte ein spezifischer polyklonaler Antikörper gegen die extrazelluläre Schleife 2 des PeaGB1 generiert werden. Ein weiterer Antikörper, welcher gegen den PeaGB2 gerichtet ist, erwies sich hingegen nicht als ausreichend spezifisch. Western-Blot-Analysen bestätigen das Vorkommen beider Subtypen im Zentralnervensystem von P. americana. Zudem wird der PeaGB1 in der Speicheldrüse und in den Geschlechtsdrüsen der Schabenmännchen exprimiert. Immunhistochemische Analysen zeigen eine PeaGB1-ähnliche Markierung in den GABAergen Fasern der Speicheldrüse auf. Demnach fungiert der PeaGB1 hier als Autorezeptor. Weiterhin konnte eine PeaGB1-ähnliche Markierung in nahezu allen Gehirnneuropilen festgestellt werden. Auch die akzessorischen Drüsen der Männchen, Pilzdrüse und Phallusdrüse, sind PeaGB1-immunreaktiv.
N2 - The non-proteinogenic amino acid GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of vertebrates and invertebrates, and GABA mediates its action among others via metabotropic GABAB receptors (GBs). So far, these receptors are only rudimentary characterized in insects. In the American Cockroach, which is an established model organism, pharmacological studies have pointed out a modulatory role of GBs in the production of primary saliva in the salivary gland. Therefore, the aim of this study is the profound characterization of the GABAB receptor subtypes 1 and 2 of Periplaneta americana. Diverse cloning strategies and the access to a Periplaneta EST-database enabled the cloning of two receptor-cDNAs. The analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences for GB-specific domains and conserved amino acid-residues, and the comparison to known GB-sequences of other species revealed that the sequences correspond to GABAB receptor subtypes 1 and 2 (PeaGB1 and PeaGB2). Next, we functionally and pharmacologically characterized the receptor-heteromer of PeaGB1 and PeaGB2. Therefore, we established expression constructs for the transfection of HEK-flpTM-cells. The PeaGB1/PeaGB2 heteromer inhibits dose-dependently the production of cAMP. The substances SKF97541 and 3-APPA imitate the GABA effect. In contrast, CGP54626 and CGP55845 are considered to be proper antagonists. The comparison of the in vitro with the known pharmacology of isolated glands reveals that GBs indeed mediate the effect of GABA in the salivary gland. For immunohistochemical localization, a specific polyclonal antibody was raised against the extracellular loop 2 of PeaGB1. A second antibody, which was raised against the analogous region of the PeaGB2, must be considered to be non-specific. Western blot analyses demonstrate the localization of both subtypes in the central nervous system of P. americana. Additionally, PeaGB1 is expressed in the salivary gland and in male accessory glands. Immunohistochemical analyses reveal the expression of PeaGB1 in GABAergic nerve fibers of the salivary gland. As a consequence, PeaGB1 must act as an autoreceptor in this organ. A widespread distribution of PeaGB1 in almost all neuropiles was detected in the cockroach brain. In the male accessory glands mushroom gland and phallic (conglobate) gland, an intense PeaGB1-like immunoreactivity was measured.
KW - GABA
KW - Insekt
KW - Pharmakologie
KW - Gehirn
KW - Speicheldrüse
KW - GABA
KW - insect
KW - pharmacology
KW - brain
KW - salivary gland
Y1 - 2013
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-69648
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Peitz, Diana
A1 - Schulze, Julian
A1 - Warschburger, Petra
T1 - Getting a deeper understanding of mindfulness in the context of eating behavior
BT - Development and validation of the Mindful Eating Inventory
JF - Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking
N2 - Purpose:
Current research supports the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for maladaptive eating behaviors associated with obesity and eating disorders. To investigate potential underlying mechanisms at work, reliable and valid instruments that allow for an exhaustive assessment of the context-specific construct Mindful Eating (ME) are needed. Therefore, the current work aimed to develop a comprehensive inventory reflecting a wide range of ME attitudes and behaviors: The Mindful Eating Inventory (MEI).
Methods & Results:
Study 1 describes the item pool development for an initial version of the MEI comprising various steps (compilation of items, expert ratings, focus groups and think aloud protocols by laypersons). Within Study 2, the factor structure of this initial version was explored in an online sample of N = 828 participants and the item pool was shortened via a sequential process based on statistical and content-related considerations. Exploratory factor analyses yielded a seven-factor structure. This structure could be confirmed within Study 3 on an independent online sample of N = 612 participants using confirmatory factor analysis. Criterion validity was supported by hypotheses-confirming correlations with eating-specific and global health-relevant outcomes.
Conclusion:
Our findings demonstrate that the MEI is a valid and reliable (in terms of internal consistency and retest-reliability) tool, which allows for a comprehensive assessment of various ME attitudes and behaviors within one parsimonious inventory. It further enabled us to propose a so far missing, initial scientific operational definition of this eating-specific construct, that may help to advance future research and clinical application by clarifying mechanisms of action.
KW - Mindful Eating
KW - Mindfulness
KW - Assessment
KW - Maladaptive Eating Behavior
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2020.105039
SN - 0195-6663
SN - 1095-8304
VL - 159
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Strong, Catherine R. C.
A1 - Scherz, Mark D.
A1 - Caldwell, Michael Wayne
T1 - Deconstructing the Gestalt
BT - new concepts and tests of homology, as exemplified by a re-conceptualization of "microstomy" in squamates
JF - The anatomical record : AR ; advances in integrative anatomy and evolutionary biology ; an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists, AAA
N2 - Snakes-a subset of lizards-have traditionally been divided into two major groups based on feeding mechanics: "macrostomy," involving the ingestion of proportionally large prey items; and "microstomy," the lack of this ability. "Microstomy"-considered present in scolecophidian and early-diverging alethinophidian snakes-is generally viewed as a symplesiomorphy shared with non-snake lizards. However, this perspective of "microstomy" as plesiomorphic and morphologically homogenous fails to recognize the complexity of this condition and its evolution across "microstomatan" squamates. To challenge this problematic paradigm, we formalize a new framework for conceptualizing and testing the homology of overall character complexes, or "morphotypes," which underlies our re-assessment of "microstomy." Using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scans, we analyze the morphology of the jaws and suspensorium across purported "microstomatan" squamates (scolecophidians, early-diverging alethinophidians, and non-snake lizards) and demonstrate that key components of the jaw complex are not homologous at the level of primary character state identity across these taxa. Therefore, rather than treating "microstomy" as a uniform condition, we instead propose that non-snake lizards, early-diverging alethinophidians, anomalepidids, leptotyphlopids, and typhlopoids each exhibit a unique and nonhomologous jaw morphotype: "minimal-kinesis microstomy," "snout-shifting," "axle-brace maxillary raking," "mandibular raking," and "single-axle maxillary raking," respectively. The lack of synapomorphy among scolecophidians is inconsistent with the notion of scolecophidians representing an ancestral snake condition, and instead reflects a hypothesis of the independent evolution of fossoriality, miniaturization, and "microstomy" in each scolecophidian lineage. We ultimately emphasize that a rigorous approach to comparative anatomy is necessary in constructing evolutionary hypotheses that accurately reflect biological reality.
KW - ancestral state reconstruction
KW - functional morphology
KW - homology
KW - skull
KW - anatomy
KW - snake evolution
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24630
SN - 1932-8486
SN - 1932-8494
VL - 304
IS - 10
SP - 2303
EP - 2351
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kehlmaier, Christian
A1 - Barlow, Axel
A1 - Hastings, Alexander K.
A1 - Vamberger, Melita
A1 - Paijmans, Johanna L. A.
A1 - Steadman, David W.
A1 - Albury, Nancy A.
A1 - Franz, Richard
A1 - Hofreiter, Michael
A1 - Fritz, Uwe
T1 - Tropical ancient DNA reveals relationships of the extinct bahamian giant tortoise Chelonoidis alburyorum
JF - Proceedings of the Royal Society of London : Series B, Biological sciences
N2 - Ancient DNA of extinct species from the Pleistocene and Holocene has provided valuable evolutionary insights. However, these are largely restricted to mammals and high latitudes because DNA preservation in warm climates is typically poor. In the tropics and subtropics, non-avian reptiles constitute a significant part of the fauna and little is known about the genetics of the many extinct reptiles from tropical islands. We have reconstructed the near-complete mitochondrial genome of an extinct giant tortoise from the Bahamas (Chelonoidis alburyorum) using an approximately 1000-year-old humerus from a water-filled sinkhole (blue hole) on Great Abaco Island. Phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses place this extinct species as closely related to Galapagos (C. niger complex) and Chaco tortoises (C. chilensis), and provide evidence for repeated overseas dispersal in this tortoise group. The ancestors of extant Chelonoidis species arrived in South America from Africa only after the opening of the Atlantic Ocean and dispersed from there to the Caribbean and the Galapagos Islands. Our results also suggest that the anoxic, thermally buffered environment of blue holes may enhance DNA preservation, and thus are opening a window for better understanding evolution and population history of extinct tropical species, which would likely still exist without human impact.
KW - Bahamas
KW - biogeography
KW - extinction
KW - palaeontology
KW - phylogeny
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2235
SN - 0962-8452
SN - 1471-2954
VL - 284
PB - The Royal Society
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ruthsatz, Katharina
A1 - Scherz, Mark D.
A1 - Vences, Miguel
T1 - Dissecting the tree of life
BT - the prospect of open-access digital resources in morphology, anatomy and taxonomy in training the next generation of zoologists
JF - Zootaxa : an international journal of zootaxonomy ;
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5016.3.10
SN - 1175-5326
SN - 1175-5334
VL - 5016
IS - 3
SP - 448
EP - 450
PB - Magnolia Press
CY - Auckland
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schneeberger, Karin
A1 - Eccard, Jana
T1 - Experience of social density during early life is associated with attraction to conspecific odour in the common vole (Microtus arvalis)
JF - Ethology : international journal of behavioural biology
N2 - Social organisation in species with fluctuating population sizes can change with density. Therefore, information on (future) density obtained during early life stages may be associated with social behaviour. Olfactory cues may carry important social information. We investigated whether early life experience of different experimental densities was subsequently associated with differences in attraction to adult conspecific odours. We used common voles (Microtus arvalis), a rodent species undergoing extreme density fluctuations. We found that individuals originating from high experimental density populations kept in large outdoor enclosures invested more time in inspecting conspecific olfactory cues than individuals from low-density populations. Generally, voles from both treatments spent more time with the olfactory cues than expected by chance and did not differ in their latency to approach the odour samples. Our findings indicate either that early experience affects odour sensitivity or that animals evaluate the social information contained in conspecific odours differently, depending on their early life experience of conspecific density.
KW - early experience
KW - olfactory
KW - population cycles
KW - priming
KW - rodents
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.13211
SN - 0179-1613
SN - 1439-0310
VL - 127
IS - 10
SP - 908
EP - 913
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Nguyen, Manh Duy Linh
T1 - Reproduction, development and reproductive isolation barriers of the mormyrid fish (genus Campylomormyrus, Teleostei)
T1 - Fortpflanzung, Entwicklung und reproduktive Isolationsbarrieren von Mormyriden (Gattung Campylomormyrus, Teleostei)
N2 - Weakly electric mormyrid fish comprise about 200 species. 15 species of the genus Campylomormyrus have been described. These are very diverse concerning the trunk-like snout and the shape and duration of the electric organ discharge (EOD) and the anatomy of the electric organ. In this dissertation data on the reproduction in captivity of four species and on the ontogeny of the EOD and the EO of three species are presented.
Reproduction of the four species C. compressirostris, C. rhynchophorus, C. tshokwe and C. numenius: Cyclical reproduction was provoked by changing only water conductivity (C): decreasing C led to gonadal recrudescence, an increase induced gonad regression. Data on the reproduction and development of three species are presented (in C. numenius gonad development could only be achieved in males). Agonistic behavior in the C. tshokwe pair forced us to divide the breeding tank; therefore, only ovipositions occurred. However, injection of an artificial GnRH hormone allowed us to obtain ripe eggs and sperm and to perform successful artificial reproduction. All three species (C. compressirostris, C. rhynchophorus, C. tshokwe) are indeterminate fractional spawners. Spawnings/ovipositions occurred during the second half of the night; no parental care was observed; no special spawning substrates were necessary. C. compressirostris successfully spawned in breeding groups, C. rhynchophorus as pair. Spawning intervals ranged from 6 to 66 days in C. rhynchophorus, 10–75 days in C. tshokwe, and 18 days in C. compressirostris (calculated values). Fecundities (eggs per fractional spawning) ranged from 70 to 1570 eggs in C. rhynchophorus, 100–1192 in C. tshokwe, and 38–246 in C. compressirostris. All three species produce yolky, slightly sticky eggs. Egg diameter ranges from 2.3–3.0 mm. Hatching occurred on day 3, feeding started on day 11. Transition from larval to juvenile stage occurred at around 20 mm total length (TL). At this size C. rhynchophorus developed a higher body than the two other species and differences between the species in the melanin pigmentation of the unpaired fins occurred. Between 32 and 35 mm TL the upper and lower jaws developed.
C. compressirostris and C. tamandua are similar in morphology and both produce short EODs of ca. 150-200 μs duration. Both species reproduce easily in captivity. We tried to obtain natural hybrids in two breeding groups, 1) four males of C. compressirostris and three females of C. tamandua and 2) six females of C. compressirostris and four males of C. tamandua. In both combinations several times oviposition occurred, however, we never found fertilized eggs. In subsequent experiments, not described here, we obtained hybrids between these two species by means of artificial reproduction.
Ontogeny of the EOD and the EO: The Campylomormyrus species are very diverse both concerning the shape and the duration of their EODs. There are species with very short EODs, e.g. C. compressirostris duration, a species with an EOD length of about 4-8 ms duration (C. tshokwe) and species with very long EODs of about 25 ms duration (e.g. C. rhynchophorus). Due to the successful breeding of the three species in captivity, we were able to investigate in detail the ontogeny of the EOD. Larvae of the three species C. compressirostris, C. tshokwe and C. rhynchophorus first produce a biphasic larval EOD typical for these small larvae. The first activity of the adult electric organ in the caudal peduncle is a biphasic juvenile EOD. Juvenile C. compressirostris and C. tshokwe start out with a short biphasic EOD of about 160 – 200 μs duration at sizes between 25 mm (C. compressirostris) and 37 mm (C. tshokwe). Adult C. compressirostris show an EOD identical to that of the juvenile. In C. tshokwe, the juvenile EOD changes continuously during development both concerning duration, amplitude increase and shape. 18 cm long C. tshokwe still do not yet produce an EOD typical for the adult fish. Juveniles of C. rhynchophorus produce at 33 mm total length a juvenile biphasic EOD, however, of longer duration (about 640 μs) than the two species mentioned above. This juvenile EOD changes continuously both in form, amplitude increase and duration with growth until the adult EOD waveform appears at about 15 cm body length. In juveniles about seven cm long the triphasic feature of the EOD starts to develop due to the appearance of a second head positive phase. Specific EOD stages are produced in relation to size and not to age. Individual differences in the EOD both concerning shape and duration are very small. The basic anatomy of the electrocytes is very similar in all three species: the main stalk which receives the innervation, is located at the caudal face of the electrocyte. Membrane penetrations of the stalks do not occur. However, there are differences in the fine structure of the electrocytes in the three species. Papillae, proliferations of the membrane, which increase the surface area of the electrocyte and are thought to incrase the EOD-duration, are only found in C. tshokwe and C. rhynchophorus. In these two species in addition, holes develop in the electrocytes during ontogeny. This might also have an impact on EOD duration.
N2 - Von den mehr als 200 Arten der schwach elektrischen Nilhechte gehören 15 zur Gattung Campylomormyrus. Diese spezialisierten Fische besitzen eine rüsselartige Schnauze. Auch produzieren manche Arten relativ kurze elektrische Entladungen (EODs) von mehreren hundert µs Dauer, andere ungewöhnlich lange EODs von bis zu 25 ms Dauer. Es werden Daten zur Reproduktion von vier Arten vorgestellt, um das Wissen über die Fortpflanzungs-biologie der Nilhechte zu erweitern und zum ersten Mal detaillierte Daten zur Ontogenese der elektrischen Organe (EO) und EODs von Arten mit extrem langen EODs zu beschreiben.
Bei C. compressirostris, C. rhynchophorus, C. tshokwe und C. numenius konnte die Gonadenreifung durch Absenkung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit des Wassers ausgelöst werden. Danach laichten C. compressirostris und C. rhynchophorus regelmäßig ab; bei C. tshokwe konnte eine Vermehrung mit Hilfe einer künstlichen Vermehrung erreicht werden; bei C. numenius konnte nur bei den Männchen eine Gonadenreifung ausgelöst werden. Die drei Arten C. compressirostris, C. rhynchophorus und C. tshokwe zeigen folgende reproduktiven Merkmale: das Ablaichen erfolgt in der zweiten Nachthälfte, die Eizahlen liegen bei mehreren Hundert pro Ablaichen, die Ablaichintervalle liegen bei wenigen Wochen. Embryonen schlüpfen nach drei Tagen, die exogene Nahrungsaufnahme beginnt am Tag 11. Es wurde versucht, natürliche Hybriden zwischen den Arten C. compressirostris und C. tamandua zu erhalten. Es kam zwar zur Abgabe von Eiern, diese waren aber nie befruchtet.
Die Ontogenese der EOD zeigte, dass die Entladung bei allen drei untersuchten Arten mit einer biphasischen Juvenilentladung von ca. 200 µs (C. compressirostris, C. tshokwe) bzw. ca. 600 µs Dauer (C. rhynchophorus) beginnt. Diese Entladung verändert sich im Verlauf der Ontogenese bei C. compressirostris nicht mehr, bei den beiden anderen Arten kommt es zu einer kontinuierlichen Veränderung bezüglich Form und Dauer bis hin zu der Adult-Entladung. Papillen, Oberflächenvergrößerungen der elektrischen Zellen, könnten eine Erklärung für die längere Entladung bei C. tshokwe und C. rhynchophorus sein.
KW - fish
KW - weakly electric fish
KW - tropical freshwater fish
KW - Fisch
KW - schwach elektrische Fische
KW - tropische Süßwasser Fische
Y1 - 2019
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437197
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hodapp, Alice
A1 - Grimm, Sabine
T1 - Neural signatures of temporal regularity and recurring patterns in random tonal sound sequences
JF - European journal of neuroscience : EJN / European Neuroscience Association
N2 - The auditory system is highly sensitive to recurring patterns in the acoustic input - even in otherwise unstructured material, such as white noise or random tonal sequences. Electroencephalography (EEG) research revealed a characteristic negative potential to periodically recurring auditory patterns - a response, which has been interpreted as memory trace-related and specific, rather than as a sign of periodicity-driven entrainment. Here, we aim to disentangle these two possible contributions by investigating the influence of a periodic sound sequence's inherent temporal regularity on event-related potentials. Participants were presented continuous sequences of short tones of random pitch, with some sequences containing a recurring pattern, and asked to indicate whether they heard a repetition. Patterns were either spaced equally across the random sequence (isochronous condition) or with a temporal jitter (jittered condition), which enabled us to differentiate between event-related potentials (and thus processing operations associated with a memory trace for a repeated pattern) and the periodic nature of the repetitions. A negative recurrence-related component could be observed independently of temporal regularity, was pattern-specific, and modulated by across trial repetition of the pattern. Critically, isochronous pattern repetition induced an additional early periodicity-related positive component, which started to build up already before the pattern onset and which was elicited undampedly even when the repeated pattern was occasionally not presented. This positive component likely reflects a sensory driven entrainment process that could be the foundation of a behavioural benefit in detecting temporally regular repetitions.
KW - auditory sensory memory
KW - entrainment
KW - ERP
KW - pattern detection
KW - repetition
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.15123
SN - 0953-816X
SN - 1460-9568
VL - 53
IS - 8
SP - 2740
EP - 2754
PB - Wiley
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mazza, Valeria
A1 - Günther, Anja
T1 - City mice and country mice
BT - innovative problem solving in rural and urban noncommensal rodents
JF - Animal behaviour
N2 - The ability to produce innovative behaviour is a key determinant in the successful coping with environmental challenges and changes. The expansion of human-altered environments presents wildlife with multiple novel situations in which innovativeness could be beneficial. A better understanding of the drivers of within-species variation in innovation propensity and its consequences will provide insights into the traits enabling animals to thrive in the face of human-induced rapid environmental change. We compared problem-solving performance of 31 striped field mice, Apodemus agrarius, originating from rural or urban environments in a battery of eight foraging extraction tasks. We tested whether differences in problem-solving performance were mediated by the extent and duration of the animal's exploration of the experimental set-ups, the time required to solve the tasks, and their persistence. In addition, we tested the influence of the diversity of motor responses, as well as of behavioural traits boldness and activity on problem-solving performance. Urban individuals were better problem solvers despite rural individuals approaching faster and interacting longer with the test set-ups. Participation rates and time required to solve a task did not differ between rural and urban individuals. However, in case of failure to solve a task, rural mice were more persistent. The best predictors of solving success, aside from the area of origin, were the time spent exploring the set-ups and boldness, while activity and diversity of motor responses did not explain it. Problem-solving ability could thus be a contributing factor to the successful coping with the rapid and recent expansion of human-altered environments.
KW - animal personality
KW - anthropogenic environment
KW - Apodemus agrarius
KW - HIREC
KW - individual differences
KW - innovation
KW - problem solving
KW - rodent
KW - urbanization
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.12.007
SN - 0003-3472
SN - 1095-8282
VL - 172
SP - 197
EP - 210
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schedlbauer, Carola
A1 - Blaue, Dominique
A1 - Raila, Jens
A1 - Vervuert, Ingrid
T1 - Alterations of serum vitamin E and vitamin A concentrations of ponies and horses during experimentally induced obesity
JF - Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition
JF - Zeitschrift für Tierphysiologie, Tierernährung und Futtermittelkunde
N2 - Vitamin A, vitamin E and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) are a focus of current obesity research in humans. The impact of body weight (BW) gain on fat-soluble vitamins and its associated parameters in equines has not been previously reported. Ten Shetland ponies and 9 Warmblood horses, all adult geldings, non-obese and healthy, were fed an excessive energy diet for 20 months to induce BW gain. Serum alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), retinol (vitamin A), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and retinol/RBP4 ratio were analysed before BW gain induction and at six timepoints during the BW gaining period. The mean (+/- SD) % BW gain achieved during two years of excess energy intake was 29.9 +/- 19.4% for ponies and 17 +/- 6.74% for horses. Serum alpha-tocopherol increased significantly in ponies and horses during excess energy intake and circulating alpha-tocopherol levels correlated positively with alpha-tocopherol intake (r = .6; p < .001). Serum retinol concentrations showed variations during the study but without relation to intake. Serum RBP4 decreased at the end of the study. The retinol/RBP4 ratio increased with BW gain without differences between ponies and horses. In comparison with human research, the increase in the retinol/RBP4 ratio was unexpected and needs further elucidation.
KW - body weight gain
KW - equine
KW - laminitis
KW - retinol-binding protein 4
KW - alpha-tocopherol
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13385
SN - 0931-2439
SN - 1439-0396
VL - 104
IS - 5
SP - 1501
EP - 1508
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Kuehnel, Susanne
A1 - Kupfer, Alexander
T1 - Sperm storage in caecilian amphibians
N2 - Background: Female sperm storage has evolved independently multiple times among vertebrates to control reproduction in response to the environment. In internally fertilising amphibians, female salamanders store sperm in cloacal spermathecae, whereas among anurans sperm storage in oviducts is known only in tailed frogs. Facilitated through extensive field sampling following historical observations we tested for sperm storing structures in the female urogenital tract of fossorial, tropical caecilian amphibians.
Findings: In the oviparous Ichthyophis cf. kohtaoensis, aggregated sperm were present in a distinct region of the posterior oviduct but not in the cloaca in six out of seven vitellogenic females prior to oviposition. Spermatozoa were found most abundantly between the mucosal folds. In relation to the reproductive status decreased amounts of sperm were present in gravid females compared to pre-ovulatory females. Sperm were absent in females past oviposition.
Conclusions: Our findings indicate short-term oviductal sperm storage in the oviparous Ichthyophis cf. kohtaoensis. We assume that in female caecilians exhibiting high levels of parental investment sperm storage has evolved in order to optimally coordinate reproductive events and to increase fitness.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 375
KW - reproduction
KW - sperm storage
KW - amphibians
KW - caecilians
Y1 - 2017
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-400987
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Klose, Sascha Peter
A1 - Rolke, Daniel
A1 - Baumann, Otto
T1 - Morphogenesis of honeybee hypopharyngeal gland during pupal development
JF - Frontiers in zoology
N2 - Background
The hypopharyngeal gland of worker bees contributes to the production of the royal jelly fed to queens and larvae. The gland consists of thousands of two-cell units that are composed of a secretory cell and a duct cell and that are arranged in sets of about 12 around a long collecting duct.
Results
By fluorescent staining, we have examined the morphogenesis of the hypopharyngeal gland during pupal life, from a saccule lined by a pseudostratified epithelium to the elaborate organ of adult worker bees. The hypopharyngeal gland develops as follows. (1) Cell proliferation occurs during the first day of pupal life in the hypopharyngeal gland primordium. (2) Subsequently, the epithelium becomes organized into rosette-like units of three cells. Two of these will become the secretory cell and the duct cell of the adult secretory units; the third cell contributes only temporarily to the development of the secretory units and is eliminated by apoptosis in the second half of pupal life. (3) The three-cell units of flask-shaped cells undergo complex changes in cell morphology. Thus, by mid-pupal stage, the gland is structurally similar to the adult hypopharyngeal gland. (4) Concomitantly, the prospective secretory cell attains its characteristic subcellular organization by the invagination of a small patch of apical membrane domain, its extension to a tube of about 100 μm in length (termed a canaliculus), and the expansion of the tube to a diameter of about 3 μm. (6) Finally, the canaliculus-associated F-actin system becomes reorganized into rings of bundled actin filaments that are positioned at regular distances along the membrane tube.
Conclusions
The morphogenesis of the secretory units in the hypopharyngeal gland of the worker bee seems to be based on a developmental program that is conserved, with slight modification, among insects for the production of dermal glands. Elaboration of the secretory cell as a unicellular seamless epithelial tube occurs by invagination of the apical membrane, its extension likely by targeted exocytosis and its expansion, and finally the reorganisation of the membrane-associated F-actin system. Our work is fundamental for future studies of environmental effects on hypopharyngeal gland morphology and development.
KW - Exocrine gland
KW - Insect
KW - Epithelial tube
KW - Organogenesis
KW - Cell polarity
KW - Actin cytoskeleton
KW - Apoptosis
KW - Invagination
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12983-017-0207-z
SN - 1742-9994
VL - 14
PB - BioMed Central
CY - London
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Klose, Sascha Peter
A1 - Rolke, Daniel
A1 - Baumann, Otto
T1 - Morphogenesis of honeybee hypopharyngeal gland during pupal development
N2 - Background
The hypopharyngeal gland of worker bees contributes to the production of the royal jelly fed to queens and larvae. The gland consists of thousands of two-cell units that are composed of a secretory cell and a duct cell and that are arranged in sets of about 12 around a long collecting duct.
Results
By fluorescent staining, we have examined the morphogenesis of the hypopharyngeal gland during pupal life, from a saccule lined by a pseudostratified epithelium to the elaborate organ of adult worker bees. The hypopharyngeal gland develops as follows. (1) Cell proliferation occurs during the first day of pupal life in the hypopharyngeal gland primordium. (2) Subsequently, the epithelium becomes organized into rosette-like units of three cells. Two of these will become the secretory cell and the duct cell of the adult secretory units; the third cell contributes only temporarily to the development of the secretory units and is eliminated by apoptosis in the second half of pupal life. (3) The three-cell units of flask-shaped cells undergo complex changes in cell morphology. Thus, by mid-pupal stage, the gland is structurally similar to the adult hypopharyngeal gland. (4) Concomitantly, the prospective secretory cell attains its characteristic subcellular organization by the invagination of a small patch of apical membrane domain, its extension to a tube of about 100 μm in length (termed a canaliculus), and the expansion of the tube to a diameter of about 3 μm. (6) Finally, the canaliculus-associated F-actin system becomes reorganized into rings of bundled actin filaments that are positioned at regular distances along the membrane tube.
Conclusions
The morphogenesis of the secretory units in the hypopharyngeal gland of the worker bee seems to be based on a developmental program that is conserved, with slight modification, among insects for the production of dermal glands. Elaboration of the secretory cell as a unicellular seamless epithelial tube occurs by invagination of the apical membrane, its extension likely by targeted exocytosis and its expansion, and finally the reorganisation of the membrane-associated F-actin system. Our work is fundamental for future studies of environmental effects on hypopharyngeal gland morphology and development.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 337
KW - Exocrine gland
KW - Insect
KW - Epithelial tube
KW - Organogenesis
KW - Cell polarity
KW - Actin cytoskeleton
KW - Apoptosis
KW - Invagination
Y1 - 2017
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395712
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Itonaga, Naomi
T1 - White storks (Ciconia ciconia) of Eastern Germany: age-dependent breeding ability, and age- and density-dependent effects on dispersal behavior
T1 - Der Weißstorch (Ciconia ciconia) aus dem östlichen Deutschland: altersabhängiges Reproduktionsvermögen und alters- und bestandsdichteabhängiges Ausbreitungsverhalten
N2 - Dispersal behavior plays an important role for the geographical distribution and population structure of any given species. Individual’s fitness, reproductive and competitive ability, and dispersal behavior can be determined by the age of the individual. Age-dependent as well as density-dependent dispersal patterns are common in many bird species. In this thesis, I first present age-dependent breeding ability and natal site fidelity in white storks (Ciconia ciconia); migratory birds breeding in large parts of Europe. I predicted that both the proportion of breeding birds and natal site fidelity increase with the age. After the seventies of the last century, following a steep population decline, a recovery of the white stork population has been observed in many regions in Europe. Increasing population density in the white stork population in Eastern Germany especially after 1983 allowed examining density- as well as age-dependent breeding dispersal patterns. Therefore second, I present whether: young birds show more often and longer breeding dispersal than old birds, and frequency of dispersal events increase with the population density increase, especially in the young storks. Third, I present age- and density-dependent dispersal direction preferences in the give population. I asked whether and how the major spring migration direction interacts with dispersal directions of white storks: in different age, and under different population densities. The proportion of breeding individuals increased in the first 22 years of life and then decreased suggesting, the senescent decay in aging storks. Young storks were more faithful to their natal sites than old storks probably due to their innate migratory direction and distance. Young storks dispersed more frequently than old storks in general, but not for longer distance. Proportion of dispersing individuals increased significantly with increasing population densities indicating, density- dependent dispersal behavior in white storks. Moreover, the finding of a significant interaction effects between the age of dispersing birds and year (1980–2006) suggesting, older birds dispersed more from their previous nest sites over time due to increased competition. Both young and old storks dispersed along their spring migration direction; however, directional preferences were different in young storks and old storks. Young storks tended to settle down before reaching their previous nest sites (leading to the south-eastward dispersal) while old birds tended to keep migrating along the migration direction after reaching their previous nest sites (leading to the north-westward dispersal). Cues triggering dispersal events may be age-dependent. Changes in the dispersal direction over time were observed. Dispersal direction became obscured during the second half of the observation period (1993–2006). Increase in competition may affect dispersal behavior in storks. I discuss the potential role of: age for the observed age-dependent dispersal behavior, and competition for the density dependent dispersal behavior. This Ph.D. thesis contributes significantly to the understanding of population structure and geographical distribution of white storks. Moreover, presented age- and density (competition)-dependent dispersal behavior helps understanding underpinning mechanisms of dispersal behavior in bird species.
N2 - Das Verständnis der Mechanismen, die dem Ausbreitungsverhalten und der Wahl des Neststandorts zugrunde liegen, gibt wichtige Einsichten in Strukturen und Dynamiken von Tierpopulationen. Der Gesundheitszustand, die Produktivität und Konkurrenzfähigkeit sowie das Ausbreitungsverhalten eines Individuums können über das Alter ermittelt werden. Alters- und dichteabhängige Veränderungen in Verbreitungsmustern kommen bei vielen Vogelarten vor. In der vorliegenden Studie untersuchten wir zunächst den Effekt des Alters auf die Reproduktivität, auf die Wahl des Neststandorts sowie auf die Geburtsorttreue des Weißstorchs (Ciconia ciconia). Wir fragten, ob sowohl der Anteil der brütenden Individuen als auch die Geburtsorttreue mit dem Alter zunimmt. Weißstörche sind Zugvögel, die während der Migration zumeist segelnd die Thermik nutzen und in weiten Teilen Europas brüten. Nach einem starken Bestandsrückgang konnte in vielen Regionen Europas ab den 1970er Jahren wieder ein positiver Trend in der Populationsentwicklung beobachtet werden. Die zunehmende Populationsdichte, besonders nach 1983 in der ostziehenden Subpopulation in den fünf Bundesländern der ehemaligen DDR, erlaubte die Analyse von dichte- und altersabhängigen Präferenzen in der Richtung der Brutstandorte sowie in der Verbreitungsfrequenz und -distanz. Wir untersuchten zudem die Alters- und Dichteabhängigkeit der Ausbreitungsrichtung einer Teilpopulation. Wir fragten, ob und wie die Hauptzugrichtung im Frühjahr mit der Verbreitungsrichtung interagiert: Beeinflussen Alter und Populationsdichte die Ausbreitungsrichtung? Der Anteil der brütenden Individuen, die älter als 22 Jahre sind, nahm innerhalb der beobachteten Teilpopulation ab, vermutlich aufgrund einer altersbedingten Abnahme des Gesundheitszustands. Junge Vögel zeigten eine starke Geburtsorttreue, was auf eine genetische Komponente in den Zugmustern junger Störche hinweist. Generell trat bei jungen Störchen häufiger Ausbreitungsverhalten auf als bei älteren Störchen. Eine signifikante Zunahme der Ausbreitungsdistanz von Individuen über die Zeit lässt auf eine dichteabhängige Komponente im Ausbreitungsverhalten der Weißstörche schließen. Weiterhin wurde eine signifikante Interaktion zwischen dem Alter sich ausbreitender Individuen und dem betrachteten Jahr gefunden. Demzufolge breiteten sich alte Vögel über die Zeit über größere Distanzen aus, vermutlich um der ansteigenden Konkurrenz, bedingt durch den wachsenden Bestandsdruck, zu entgehen.
KW - Weißstorch
KW - Altersabhängigkeit
KW - Dichteabhängigkeit
KW - Ausbreitungsverhalten
KW - Reproduktivität
KW - White stork
KW - age-dependent
KW - density-dependent
KW - dispersal behavior
KW - breeding ability
Y1 - 2009
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-39052
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Beaumont, Robin N.
A1 - Warrington, Nicole M.
A1 - Cavadino, Alana
A1 - Tyrrell, Jessica
A1 - Nodzenski, Michael
A1 - Horikoshi, Momoko
A1 - Geller, Frank
A1 - Myhre, Ronny
A1 - Richmond, Rebecca C.
A1 - Paternoster, Lavinia
A1 - Bradfield, Jonathan P.
A1 - Kreiner-Møller, Eskil
A1 - Huikari, Ville
A1 - Metrustry, Sarah
A1 - Lunetta, Kathryn L.
A1 - Painter, Jodie N.
A1 - Hottenga, Jouke-Jan
A1 - Allard, Catherine
A1 - Barton, Sheila J.
A1 - Espinosa, Ana
A1 - Marsh, Julie A.
A1 - Potter, Catherine
A1 - Zhang, Ge
A1 - Ang, Wei
A1 - Berry, Diane J.
A1 - Bouchard, Luigi
A1 - Das, Shikta
A1 - Hakonarson, Hakon
A1 - Heikkinen, Jani
A1 - Helgeland, Øyvind
A1 - Hocher, Berthold
A1 - Hofman, Albert
A1 - Inskip, Hazel M.
A1 - Jones, Samuel E.
A1 - Kogevinas, Manolis
A1 - Lind, Penelope A.
A1 - Marullo, Letizia
A1 - Medland, Sarah E.
A1 - Murray, Anna
A1 - Murray, Jeffrey C.
A1 - Njølstad, Pa ̊l R.
A1 - Nohr, Ellen A.
A1 - Reichetzeder, Christoph
A1 - Ring, Susan M.
A1 - Ruth, Katherine S.
A1 - Santa-Marina, Loreto
A1 - Scholtens, Denise M.
A1 - Sebert, Sylvain
A1 - Sengpiel, Verena
A1 - Tuke, Marcus A.
A1 - Vaudel, Marc
A1 - Weedon, Michael N.
A1 - Willemsen, Gonneke
A1 - Wood, Andrew R.
A1 - Yaghootkar, Hanieh
A1 - Muglia, Louis J.
A1 - Bartels, Meike
A1 - Relton, Caroline L.
A1 - Pennell, Craig E.
A1 - Chatzi, Leda
A1 - Estivill, Xavier
A1 - Holloway, John W.
A1 - Boomsma, Dorret I.
A1 - Montgomery, Grant W.
A1 - Murabito, Joanne M.
A1 - Spector, Tim D.
A1 - Power, Christine
A1 - Ja ̈rvelin, Marjo-Ritta
A1 - Bisgaard, Hans
A1 - Grant, Struan F.A.
A1 - Sørensen, Thorkild I.A.
A1 - Jaddoe, Vincent W.
A1 - Jacobsson, Bo
A1 - Melbye, Mads
A1 - McCarthy, Mark I.
A1 - Hattersley, Andrew T.
A1 - Hayes, M. Geoffrey
A1 - Frayling, Timothy M.
A1 - Hivert, Marie-France
A1 - Felix, Janine F.
A1 - Hyppo ̈nen, Elina
A1 - Lowe, William L. , Jr
A1 - Evans, David M.
A1 - Lawlor, Debbie A.
A1 - Feenstra, Bjarke
A1 - Freathy, Rachel M.
T1 - Genome-wide association study of offspring birth weight in 86 577 women identifies five novel loci and highlights maternal genetic effects that are independent of fetal genetics
T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2 - Genome-wide association studies of birth weight have focused on fetal genetics, whereas relatively little is known about the role of maternal genetic variation. We aimed to identify maternal genetic variants associated with birth weight that could highlight potentially relevant maternal determinants of fetal growth. We meta-analysed data on up to 8.7 million SNPs in up to 86 577 women of European descent from the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium and the UK Biobank. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) and analyses of mother–child pairs to quantify the separate maternal and fetal genetic effects. Maternal SNPs at 10 loci (MTNR1B, HMGA2, SH2B3, KCNAB1, L3MBTL3, GCK, EBF1, TCF7L2, ACTL9, CYP3A7) were associated with offspring birth weight at P < 5 Â 10 À8 . In SEM analyses, at least 7 of the 10 associations were consistent with effects of the maternal genotype acting via the intrauterine environment, rather than via effects of shared alleles with the fetus. Variants, or correlated proxies, at many of the loci had been previously associated with adult traits, including fasting glucose (MTNR1B, GCK and TCF7L2) and sex hormone levels (CYP3A7), and one (EBF1) with gestational duration. The identified associations indicate that genetic effects on maternal glucose, cytochrome P450 activity and gestational duration, and potentially on maternal blood pressure and immune function, are relevant for fetal growth. Further characterization of these associations in mechanistic and causal analyses will enhance understanding of the potentially modifiable maternal determinants of fetal growth, with the goal of reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with low and high birth weights.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 628
KW - alleles
KW - birth weight
KW - fetus
KW - genotype
KW - mothers
KW - single nucleotide polymorphism
KW - genetics
KW - duration of gestation
KW - genome-wide association study
KW - offspring
KW - biobanks
Y1 - 2019
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-423100
SN - 1866-8372
IS - 628
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schneeberger, Karin
A1 - Schulze, Michael
A1 - Scheffler, Ingo
A1 - Caspers, Barbara A.
T1 - Evidence of female preference for odor of distant over local males in a bat with female dispersal
JF - Behavioral ecology : the official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology
N2 - Geographic variation of sexually selected male traits is common in animals. Female choice also varies geographically and several studies found female preference for local males, which is assumed to lead to local adaptation and, therefore, increases fitness. As females are the nondispersing sex in most mammalian taxa, this preference for local males might be explained by the learning of male characteristics. Studies on the preference of females in female-dispersing species are lacking so far. To find out whether such females would also show preferences for local males, we conducted a study on greater sac-winged bats (Saccopteryx bilineata), a species where females disperse and males stay in their natal colony. Male greater sac-winged bats possess a wing pouch that is filled with odoriferous secretion and fanned toward females during courtship display. In a combination of chemical analysis and behavioral preference tests, we analyzed whether the composition of wing sac secretion varies between two geographically distinct populations (300 km), and whether females show a preference for local or distant male scent. Using gas chromatography, we found significant differences in the composition of the wing sac odors between the two geographically distinct populations. In addition, the behavioral preference experiments revealed that females of both populations preferred the scent of geographically distant males over local males. The wing sac odor might thus be used to guarantee optimal outbreeding when dispersing to a new colony. This is-to our knowledge-the first study on odor preference of females of a species with female-biased dispersal.
KW - bats
KW - dispersal
KW - female preference
KW - male philopatry
KW - odor
KW - olfaction
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arab003
SN - 1045-2249
SN - 1465-7279
VL - 32
IS - 4
SP - 657
EP - 661
PB - Oxford University Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kawasaki, Yui
A1 - Akamatsu, Rie
A1 - Fujiwara, Yoko
A1 - Omori, Mika
A1 - Sugawara, Masumi
A1 - Yamazaki, Yoko
A1 - Matsumoto, Satoko
A1 - Iwakabe, Shigeru
A1 - Kobayashi, Tetsuyuki
T1 - Later chronotype is associated with unhealthful plant-based diet quality in young Japanese women
JF - Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking
N2 - Background:
Having a late chronotype, that is, the tendency to go to sleep and wake up at later hours, influences an individual's physical and mental health. Despite a few studies noting the association of chronotype with healthy dietary patterns, this relationship remains unclear.
Purpose:
This study aimed to describe the association of chronotype with healthful and unhealthful plant-based diet quality in female Japanese undergraduate students.
Design:
Cross-sectional.
Participants and setting:
A total of 218 female university students in Tokyo, Japan.
Main outcome measures:
Healthful and unhealthful plant-based dietary index-Japanese version (hPDI-J and uPDIJ), calculated using the validated brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire.
Statistical analyses performed:
A five-model stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was conducted. Independent variables were hPDI-J and uPDI-J scores, and dependent variables were various lifestyle habits related to the circadian rhythm and demographic characteristics.
Results:
Mean (standard deviation) sleep duration, midpoint of sleep, sleep latency time, and social jetlag were 411 (60) min, 03:56 (00:57), 21 (27) min, and 50 (39) min, respectively. Chronotype and several variables, such as residential status, energy and alcohol intake, and nutritional knowledge, were associated with healthful and unhealthful plant-based diet quality. Individuals who had higher hPDI-J scores were more likely to have an earlier chronotype (13 = -0.168, P = 0.019) and better nutritional knowledge (13 = 0.164, P = 0.022) than those with lower hPDI-J scores. Individuals were more likely to have higher uPDI-J scores if they were living alone (13 = -0.301, P < 0.001), had a later chronotype (13 = 0.181, P = 0.001), higher frequency of snacking (13 = 0.164, P = 0.019), lower total energy (13 = -0.445, P < 0.001), and worse nutritional knowledge (13 = -0.172, P = 0.001).
Conclusion:
This study provided new evidence as to the relationship between sleep and dietary habits, the interaction of which may affect women's health.
KW - Chronotype
KW - Plant-based diet
KW - Sustainability
KW - University students
KW - Female
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105468
SN - 0195-6663
SN - 1095-8304
VL - 166
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Eiserbeck, Anna
A1 - Enge, Alexander
A1 - Rabovsky, Milena
A1 - Abdel Rahman, Rasha
T1 - Electrophysiological chronometry of graded consciousness during the attentional blink
JF - Cerebral cortex
N2 - One of the ongoing debates about visual consciousness is whether it can be considered as an all-or-none or a graded phenomenon. While there is increasing evidence for the existence of graded states of conscious awareness based on paradigms such as visual masking, only little and mixed evidence is available for the attentional blink paradigm, specifically in regard to electrophysiological measures. Thereby, the all-or-none pattern reported in some attentional blink studies might have originated from specifics of the experimental design, suggesting the need to examine the generalizability of results. In the present event-related potential (ERP) study (N = 32), visual awareness of T2 face targets was assessed via subjective visibility ratings on a perceptual awareness scale in combination with ERPs time-locked to T2 onset (components P1, N1, N2, and P3). Furthermore, a classification task preceding visibility ratings allowed to track task performance. The behavioral results indicate a graded rather than an all-or-none pattern of visual awareness. Corresponding graded differences in the N1, N2, and P3 components were observed for the comparison of visibility levels. These findings suggest that conscious perception during the attentional blink can occur in a graded fashion.
KW - attentional blink
KW - consciousness
KW - event-related potentials
KW - neural
KW - correlates of consciousness
KW - perceptual awareness scale
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhab289
SN - 1047-3211
SN - 1460-2199
VL - 32
IS - 6
SP - 1244
EP - 1259
PB - Oxford University Press
CY - New York, NY
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Eccard, Jana
A1 - Fey, Karen
A1 - Caspers, Barbara A.
A1 - Ylönen, Hannu
T1 - Breeding state and season affect interspecific interaction types indirect resource competition and direct interference
JF - Oecologia
N2 - Indirect resource competition and interference are widely occurring mechanisms of interspecific interactions. We have studied the seasonal expression of these two interaction types within a two-species, boreal small mammal system. Seasons differ by resource availability, individual breeding state and intraspecific social system. Live-trapping methods were used to monitor space use and reproduction in 14 experimental populations of bank voles Myodes glareolus in large outdoor enclosures with and without a dominant competitor, the field vole Microtus agrestis. We further compared vole behaviour using staged dyadic encounters in neutral arenas in both seasons. Survival of the non-breeding overwintering bank voles was not affected by competition. In the spring, the numbers of male bank voles, but not of females, were reduced significantly in the competition populations. Bank vole home ranges expanded with vole density in the presence of competitors, indicating food limitation. A comparison of behaviour between seasons based on an analysis of similarity revealed an avoidance of costly aggression against opponents, independent of species. Interactions were more aggressive during the summer than during the winter, and heterospecific encounters were more aggressive than conspecific encounters. Based on these results, we suggest that interaction types and their respective mechanisms are not either-or categories and may change over the seasons. During the winter, energy constraints and thermoregulatory needs decrease direct aggression, but food constraints increase indirect resource competition. Direct interference appears in the summer, probably triggered by each individual's reproductive and hormonal state and the defence of offspring against conspecific and heterospecific intruders. Both interaction forms overlap in the spring, possibly contributing to spring declines in the numbers of subordinate species.
KW - Rodents
KW - Aggression
KW - Seasonality
KW - Space use
KW - Winter biology
Y1 - 2011
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2008-y
SN - 0029-8549
SN - 1432-1939
VL - 167
IS - 3
SP - 623
EP - 633
PB - Springer
CY - New York
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Kowalski, Gabriele Joanna
A1 - Grimm, Volker
A1 - Herde, Antje
A1 - Guenther, Anja
A1 - Eccard, Jana
T1 - Does Animal Personality Affect Movement in Habitat Corridors?
BT - Experiments with Common Voles (Microtus arvalis) Using Different Corridor Widths
T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2 - Animal personality may affect an animal’s mobility in a given landscape, influencing its propensity to take risks in an unknown environment. We investigated the mobility of translocated common voles in two corridor systems 60 m in length and differing in width (1 m and 3 m). Voles were behaviorally phenotyped in repeated open field and barrier tests. Observed behavioral traits were highly repeatable and described by a continuous personality score. Subsequently, animals were tracked via an automated very high frequency (VHF) telemetry radio tracking system to monitor their movement patterns in the corridor system. Although personality did not explain movement patterns, corridor width determined the amount of time spent in the habitat corridor. Voles in the narrow corridor system entered the corridor faster and spent less time in the corridor than animals in the wide corridor. Thus, landscape features seem to affect movement patterns more strongly than personality. Meanwhile, site characteristics, such as corridor width, could prove to be highly important when designing corridors for conservation, with narrow corridors facilitating faster movement through landscapes than wider corridors.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 747
KW - activity
KW - animal personality
KW - wildlife corridors
KW - habitat connectivity
KW - individual differences
KW - rodents
Y1 - 2019
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435770
SN - 1866-8372
IS - 747
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Riebold, Diana
A1 - Russow, Kati
A1 - Schlegel, Mathias
A1 - Wollny, Theres
A1 - Thiel, Joerg
A1 - Freise, Jona
A1 - Hueppop, Ommo
A1 - Eccard, Jana
A1 - Plenge-Boenig, Anita
A1 - Loebermann, Micha
A1 - Ulrich, Rainer Günter
A1 - Klammt, Sebastian
A1 - Mettenleiter, Thomas Christoph
A1 - Reisinger, Emil Christian
T1 - Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in small mammals from Germany
JF - Vector borne and zoonotic diseases
N2 - An increase in zoonotic infections in humans in recent years has led to a high level of public interest. However, the extent of infestation of free-living small mammals with pathogens and especially parasites is not well understood. This pilot study was carried out within the framework of the "Rodent-borne pathogens" network to identify zoonotic parasites in small mammals in Germany. From 2008 to 2009, 111 small mammals of 8 rodent and 5 insectivore species were collected. Feces and intestine samples from every mammal were examined microscopically for the presence of intestinal parasites by using Telemann concentration for worm eggs, Kinyoun staining for coccidia, and Heidenhain staining for other protozoa. Adult helminths were additionally stained with carmine acid for species determination. Eleven different helminth species, five coccidians, and three other protozoa species were detected. Simultaneous infection of one host by different helminths was common. Hymenolepis spp. (20.7%) were the most common zoonotic helminths in the investigated hosts. Coccidia, including Eimeria spp. (30.6%), Cryptosporidium spp. (17.1%), and Sarcocystis spp. (17.1%), were present in 40.5% of the feces samples of small mammals. Protozoa, such as Giardia spp. and amoebae, were rarely detected, most likely because of the repeated freeze-thawing of the samples during preparation. The zoonotic pathogens detected in this pilot study may be potentially transmitted to humans by drinking water, smear infection, and airborne transmission.
KW - parasites
KW - rodents
KW - insectivores
KW - Hymenolepis
KW - Germany
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2019.2457
SN - 1530-3667
SN - 1557-7759
VL - 20
IS - 2
SP - 125
EP - 133
PB - Liebert
CY - New Rochelle
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Eccard, Jana
A1 - Fey, Karen
A1 - Caspers, Barbara A.
A1 - Ylönen, Hannu
T1 - Breeding state and season affect interspecific interaction types
BT - indirect resource competition and direct interference
T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2 - Indirect resource competition and interference are widely occurring mechanisms of interspecific interactions. We have studied the seasonal expression of these two interaction types within a two-species, boreal small mammal system. Seasons differ by resource availability, individual breeding state and intraspecific social system. Live-trapping methods were used to monitor space use and reproduction in 14 experimental populations of bank voles Myodes glareolus in large outdoor enclosures with and without a dominant competitor, the field vole Microtus agrestis. We further compared vole behaviour using staged dyadic encounters in neutral arenas in both seasons. Survival of the non-breeding overwintering bank voles was not affected by competition. In the spring, the numbers of male bank voles, but not of females, were reduced significantly in the competition populations. Bank vole home ranges expanded with vole density in the presence of competitors, indicating food limitation. A comparison of behaviour between seasons based on an analysis of similarity revealed an avoidance of costly aggression against opponents, independent of species. Interactions were more aggressive during the summer than during the winter, and heterospecific encounters were more aggressive than conspecific encounters. Based on these results, we suggest that interaction types and their respective mechanisms are not either–or categories and may change over the seasons. During the winter, energy constraints and thermoregulatory needs decrease direct aggression, but food constraints increase indirect resource competition. Direct interference appears in the summer, probably triggered by each individual’s reproductive and hormonal state and the defence of offspring against conspecific and heterospecific intruders. Both interaction forms overlap in the spring, possibly contributing to spring declines in the numbers of subordinate species.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 729
KW - rodents
KW - aggression
KW - seasonality
KW - space use
KW - winter biology
Y1 - 2019
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-429398
SN - 1866-8372
IS - 729
SP - 623
EP - 633
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Heim, Wieland
A1 - Eccard, Jana
A1 - Bairlein, Franz
T1 - Migration phenology determines niche use of East Asian buntings (Emberizidae) during stopover
T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2 - Stopover niche utilization of birds during migration has not gained much attention so far, since the majority of the studies focuses on breeding or wintering areas. However, stopover sites are crucial for migratory birds. They are often used by a multitude of species, which could lead to increased competition. In this work, we investigated niche use of 8 migratory and closely related Emberiza bunting species at a stopover site in Far East Russia, situated on the poorly studied East Asian flyway. We used bird ringing data to evaluate morphological similarity as well as niche overlap on the trophic, spatial, and temporal dimension. Bill morphology was used as a proxy for their trophic niche. We were able to prove that a majority of the species occupies well-defined stopover niches on at least one of the dimensions. Niche breadth and niche overlap differ between spring and autumn season with higher overlap found during spring. Morphological differences are mostly related to overall size and wing pointedness. The temporal dimension is most important for segregation among the studied species. Furthermore, all species seem to exhibit a rather strict and consistent phenological pattern. Their occurrence at the study site is highly correlated with their geographic origin and the length of their migration route. We assume that buntings are able to use available resources opportunistically during stopover, while trying to follow a precise schedule in order to avoid competition and to ensure individual fitness.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1038
KW - bird migration
KW - Emberiza
KW - habitat use
KW - non-breeding
KW - phenology
KW - stopover
Y1 - 2020
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-470607
SN - 1866-8372
IS - 1038
SP - 681
EP - 692
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Liesenjohann, Thilo
A1 - Liesenjohann, Monique
A1 - Trebaticka, Lenka
A1 - Sundell, Janne
A1 - Haapakoski, Marko
A1 - Ylönen, Hannu
A1 - Eccard, Jana
T1 - State-dependent foraging
BT - lactating voles adjust their foraging behavior according to the presence of a potential nest predator and season
T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2 - Parental care often produces a trade-off between meeting nutritional demands of offspring and the duties of offspring protection, especially in altricial species. Parents have to leave their young unattended for foraging trips, during which nestlings are exposed to predators. We investigated how rodent mothers of altricial young respond to risk of nest predation in their foraging decisions. We studied foraging behavior of lactating bank voles (Myodes glareolus) exposed to a nest predator, the common shrew (Sorex araneus). We conducted the experiment in summer (high resource provisioning for both species) and autumn (less food available) in 12 replicates with fully crossed factors “shrew presence” and “season.” We monitored use of feeding stations near and far from the nest as measurement of foraging activity and strategic foraging behavior. Vole mothers adapted their strategies to shrew presence and optimized their foraging behavior according to seasonal constraints, resulting in an interaction of treatment and season. In summer, shrew presence reduced food intake from feeding stations, while it enhanced intake in autumn. Shrew presence decreased the number of visited feeding stations in autumn and concentrated mother’s foraging efforts to fewer stations. Independent of shrew presence or season, mothers foraged more in patches further away from the nest than near the nest. Results indicate that females are not investing in nest guarding but try to avoid the accumulation of olfactory cues near the nest leading a predator to the young. Additionally, our study shows how foraging strategies and nest attendance are influenced by seasonal food provision.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 857
KW - Myodes glareolus
KW - optimal foraging
KW - Sorex araneus
KW - nest protection
KW - seasonality
KW - interference
Y1 - 2020
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432878
SN - 1866-8372
IS - 857
SP - 747
EP - 754
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Sander, Martha Maria
A1 - Eccard, Jana
A1 - Heim, Wieland
T1 - Flight range estimation of migrant Yellow-browed Warblers Phylloscopus inornatus on the East Asian flyway
T2 - Bird Study
N2 - Fat loads were quantified for 2125 Yellow-browed Warblers Phylloscopus inornatus trapped at a stop-over site in Far East Russia during autumn migration. Flight ranges of 660–820 km were estimated for the fattest individuals, suggesting that they would need to stop for refuelling at least six times to reach their wintering areas in South East Asia.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 464
KW - passerines
KW - stopover
KW - fuel
KW - site
KW - migration
KW - Morocco
KW - Russia
KW - bird
KW - fat
Y1 - 2018
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412823
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kowalski, Gabriele Joanna
A1 - Grimm, Volker
A1 - Herde, Antje
A1 - Guenther, Anja
A1 - Eccard, Jana
T1 - Does Animal Personality Affect Movement in Habitat Corridors?
BT - Experiments with Common Voles (Microtus arvalis) Using Different Corridor Widths
JF - Animals
N2 - Animal personality may affect an animal’s mobility in a given landscape, influencing its propensity to take risks in an unknown environment. We investigated the mobility of translocated common voles in two corridor systems 60 m in length and differing in width (1 m and 3 m). Voles were behaviorally phenotyped in repeated open field and barrier tests. Observed behavioral traits were highly repeatable and described by a continuous personality score. Subsequently, animals were tracked via an automated very high frequency (VHF) telemetry radio tracking system to monitor their movement patterns in the corridor system. Although personality did not explain movement patterns, corridor width determined the amount of time spent in the habitat corridor. Voles in the narrow corridor system entered the corridor faster and spent less time in the corridor than animals in the wide corridor. Thus, landscape features seem to affect movement patterns more strongly than personality. Meanwhile, site characteristics, such as corridor width, could prove to be highly important when designing corridors for conservation, with narrow corridors facilitating faster movement through landscapes than wider corridors.
KW - activity
KW - animal personality
KW - wildlife corridors
KW - habitat connectivity
KW - individual differences
KW - rodents
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9060291
SN - 2076-2615
VL - 9
IS - 6
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Amen, Rahma
A1 - Nagel, Rebecca
A1 - Hedt, Maximilian
A1 - Kirschbaum, Frank
A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1 - Morphological differentiation in African weakly electric fish (genus Campylomormyrus) relates to substrate preferences
JF - Evolutionary Ecology
N2 - Under an ecological speciation scenario, the radiation of African weakly electric fish (genus Campylomormyrus) is caused by an adaptation to different food sources, associated with diversification of the electric organ discharge (EOD). This study experimentally investigates a phenotype-environment correlation to further support this scenario. Our behavioural experiments showed that three sympatric Campylomormyrus species with significantly divergent snout morphology differentially react to variation in substrate structure. While the short snout species (C. tamandua) exhibits preference to sandy substrate, the long snout species (C. rhynchophorus) significantly prefers a stone substrate for feeding. A third species with intermediate snout size (C. compressirostris) does not exhibit any substrate preference. This preference is matched with the observation that long-snouted specimens probe deeper into the stone substrate, presumably enabling them to reach prey more distant to the substrate surface. These findings suggest that the diverse feeding apparatus in the genus Campylomormyrus may have evolved in adaptation to specific microhabitats, i.e., substrate structures where these fish forage. Whether the parallel divergence in EOD is functionally related to this adaptation or solely serves as a prezygotic isolation mechanism remains to be elucidated.
KW - ecological speciation
KW - feeding behaviour
KW - electric fish
KW - trophic apparatus
KW - evolutionary ecology
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-020-10043-3
SN - 0269-7653
SN - 1573-8477
VL - 34
IS - 3
SP - 427
EP - 437
PB - Springer Science
CY - Dordrecht
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Scharnweber, Inga Kristin
A1 - Chaguaceda, Fernando
A1 - Eklöv, Peter
T1 - Fatty acid accumulation in feeding types of a natural freshwater fish population
JF - Oecologia / in cooperation with the International Association for Ecology, Intecol
N2 - Fatty acids are widely used to study trophic interactions in food web assemblages. Generally, it is assumed that there is a very small modification of fatty acids from one trophic step to another, making them suitable as trophic biomarkers. However, recent literature provides evidence that many fishes possess genes encoding enzymes with a role in bioconversion, thus the capability for bioconversion might be more widespread than previously assumed. Nonetheless, empirical evidence for biosynthesis occurring in natural populations remains scarce. In this study, we investigated different feeding types of perch (Perca fluviatilis) that are specialized on specific resources with different levels of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), and analyzed the change between HUFA proportions in perch muscle tissue compared to their resources. Perch showed matching levels to their resources for EPA, but ARA and especially DHA were accumulated. Compound-specific stable isotope analyses helped us to identify the origin of HUFA carbon. Our results suggest that perch obtain a substantial amount of DHA via bioconversion when feeding on DHA-poor benthic resources. Thus, our data indicate the capability of bioconversion of HUFAs in a natural freshwater fish population.
KW - Fatty acid conversion
KW - Compound-specific stable isotope analysis
KW - Docosahexaenoic acid
KW - Bioconversion
KW - Trophic upgrading
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-021-04913-y
SN - 0029-8549
SN - 1432-1939
VL - 196
IS - 1
SP - 53
EP - 63
PB - Springer
CY - Berlin ; Heidelberg [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ostermann-Miyashita, Emu-Felicitas
A1 - König, Hannes J.
A1 - Pernat, Nadja
A1 - Bellingrath-Kimura, Sonoko Dorothea
A1 - Hibler, Sophia
A1 - Kiffner, Christian
T1 - Knowledge of returning wildlife species and willingness to participate in citizen science projects among wildlife park visitors in Germany
JF - People and nature
N2 - Successful conservation efforts have led to recent increases of large mammals such as European bison Bison bonasus, moose Alces alces and grey wolf Canis lupus and their return to former habitats in central Europe.
While embraced by some, the recovery of these species is a controversial topic and holds potential for human-wildlife conflicts.
Involving the public has been suggested to be an effective method for monitoring wildlife and mitigating associated conflicts.
To assess two interrelated prerequisites for engaging people in Citizen Science (CS)-knowledge of returning species and respondents' readiness to participate in CS activities for monitoring and managing these species-we conducted a survey (questionnaire) in two wildlife parks located in different states of Germany.
Based on 472 complete questionnaires, we developed generalized linear models to understand how sociodemographic variables and exposure to the species affected visitors' knowledge of each species, and to investigate if sociodemographic variables and knowledge influenced the likelihood of visitors to participate in CS activities.
Almost all visitors were aware of the returning wolf population, while knowledge and awareness about bison and moose were significantly lower.
Knowledge of the two herbivores differed geographically (higher knowledge of moose in the north-eastern state), possibly indicating a positive association between exposure to the species and knowledge.
However, models generally performed poorly in predicting knowledge about wildlife, suggesting that such specific knowledge is insufficiently explained by sociodemographic variables. Our model, which explained stated willingness in CS indicated that younger participants and those with higher knowledge scores in the survey were more willing to engage in CS activities.
Overall, our analyses highlight how exposure to large mammals, knowledge about wildlife and human demographics are interrelated-insights that are helpful for effectively recruiting citizen scientists for wildlife conservation.
Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
KW - environmental awareness
KW - human-animal relationships
KW - human-wildlife conflicts
KW - social-ecological system
KW - wildlife conservation
KW - wildlife knowledge
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10379
SN - 2575-8314
VL - 4
IS - 5
SP - 1201
EP - 1215
PB - British Ecological Society; Wiley
CY - London; Hoboken, NJ
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Eccard, Jana
A1 - Dammhahn, Melanie
A1 - Ylönen, Hannu
T1 - The Bruce effect revisited
BT - is pregnancy termination in female rodents an adaptation to ensure breeding success after male turnover in low densities?
T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2 - Pregnancy termination after encountering a strange male, the Bruce effect, is regarded as a counterstrategy of female mammals towards anticipated infanticide. While confirmed in caged rodent pairs, no verification for the Bruce effect existed from experimental field populations of small rodents. We suggest that the effect may be adaptive for breeding rodent females only under specific conditions related to populations with cyclically fluctuating densities. We investigated the occurrence of delay in birth date after experimental turnover of the breeding male under different population composition in bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in large outdoor enclosures: one-male–multiple-females (n = 6 populations/18 females), multiple-males–multiple-females (n = 15/45), and single-male–single-female (MF treatment, n = 74/74). Most delays were observed in the MF treatment after turnover. Parallel we showed in a laboratory experiment (n = 205 females) that overwintered and primiparous females, the most abundant cohort during population lows in the increase phase of cyclic rodent populations, were more likely to delay births after turnover of the male than year-born and multiparous females. Taken together, our results suggest that the Bruce effect may be an adaptive breeding strategy for rodent females in cyclic populations specifically at low densities in the increase phase, when isolated, overwintered animals associate in MF pairs. During population lows infanticide risk and inbreeding risk may then be higher than during population highs, while also the fitness value of a litter in an increasing population is higher. Therefore, the Bruce effect may be adaptive for females during annual population lows in the increase phases, even at the costs of delaying reproduction.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 734
KW - breeding strategies
KW - dip test
KW - infanticide
KW - Myodes voles
KW - sexual conflict
KW - sexual selection
Y1 - 2019
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432956
SN - 1866-8372
IS - 734
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Schedlbauer, Carola
A1 - Blaue, Dominique
A1 - Raila, Jens
A1 - Vervuert, Ingrid
T1 - Alterations of serum vitamin E and vitamin A concentrations of ponies and horses during experimentally induced obesity
T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2 - Vitamin A, vitamin E and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) are a focus of current obesity research in humans. The impact of body weight (BW) gain on fat-soluble vitamins and its associated parameters in equines has not been previously reported. Ten Shetland ponies and 9 Warmblood horses, all adult geldings, non-obese and healthy, were fed an excessive energy diet for 20 months to induce BW gain. Serum alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), retinol (vitamin A), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and retinol/RBP4 ratio were analysed before BW gain induction and at six timepoints during the BW gaining period. The mean (+/- SD) % BW gain achieved during two years of excess energy intake was 29.9 +/- 19.4% for ponies and 17 +/- 6.74% for horses. Serum alpha-tocopherol increased significantly in ponies and horses during excess energy intake and circulating alpha-tocopherol levels correlated positively with alpha-tocopherol intake (r = .6; p < .001). Serum retinol concentrations showed variations during the study but without relation to intake. Serum RBP4 decreased at the end of the study. The retinol/RBP4 ratio increased with BW gain without differences between ponies and horses. In comparison with human research, the increase in the retinol/RBP4 ratio was unexpected and needs further elucidation.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1429
KW - body weight gain
KW - equine
KW - laminitis
KW - retinol-binding protein 4
KW - α-tocophero
Y1 - 2020
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-519515
SN - 1866-8372
IS - 5
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Scheffler, Christiane
A1 - Hermanussen, Michael
T1 - Reply to the letter titled: "Pathologizing normal height or identifying chronic malnutrition: Public health concerns of calling stunting normal" / by Nafis Faizi, Mohd Yasir Zubair and Fazeelah Tasleem'. - New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley Interscience. - 2022. - (American Journal of Human Biology : the Official Journal of the Human Biology Council, 16 Feb 2022. - 34(2022) 5 ). - https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23735
JF - American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Association
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23741
SN - 1520-6300
VL - 34
IS - 5
PB - Wiley Interscience
CY - New York, NY [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rudolph, Max
A1 - Schmeer, Christian
A1 - Günther, Madlen
A1 - Woitke, Florus
A1 - Kathner-Schaffert, Carolin
A1 - Karapetow, Lina
A1 - Lindner, Julia
A1 - Lehmann, Thomas
A1 - Jirikowski, Gustav
A1 - Witte, Otto W.
A1 - Redecker, Christoph
A1 - Keiner, Silke
T1 - Microglia-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic nuclei is impaired in the adult murine hippocampus after stroke
JF - Glia
N2 - Following stroke, neuronal death takes place both in the infarct region and in brain areas distal to the lesion site including the hippocampus. The hippocampus is critically involved in learning and memory processes and continuously generates new neurons. Dysregulation of adult neurogenesis may be associated with cognitive decline after a stroke lesion. In particular, proliferation of precursor cells and the formation of new neurons are increased after lesion. Within the first week, many new precursor cells die during development. How dying precursors are removed from the hippocampus and to what extent phagocytosis takes place after stroke is still not clear. Here, we evaluated the effect of a prefrontal stroke lesion on the phagocytic activity of microglia in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. Three-months-old C57BL/6J mice were injected once with the proliferation marker BrdU (250 mg/kg) 6 hr after a middle cerebral artery occlusion or sham surgery. The number of apoptotic cells and the phagocytic capacity of the microglia were evaluated by means of immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, and 3D-reconstructions. We found a transient but significant increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the DG early after stroke, associated with impaired removal by microglia. Interestingly, phagocytosis of newly generated precursor cells was not affected. Our study shows that a prefrontal stroke lesion affects phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in the DG, a region distal to the lesion core. Whether disturbed phagocytosis might contribute to inflammatory- and maladaptive processes including cognitive impairment following stroke needs to be further investigated.
KW - activated caspase 3
KW - dentate gyrus
KW - MCAO
KW - neurogenesis
KW - pyknotic cells
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.24009
SN - 0894-1491
SN - 1098-1136
VL - 69
IS - 8
SP - 2006
EP - 2022
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Amen, Rahma
A1 - Nagel, Rebecca
A1 - Hedt, Maximilian
A1 - Kirschbaum, Frank
A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1 - Morphological differentiation in African weakly electric fish (genus Campylomormyrus) relates to substrate preferences
T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2 - Under an ecological speciation scenario, the radiation of African weakly electric fish (genus Campylomormyrus) is caused by an adaptation to different food sources, associated with diversification of the electric organ discharge (EOD). This study experimentally investigates a phenotype-environment correlation to further support this scenario. Our behavioural experiments showed that three sympatric Campylomormyrus species with significantly divergent snout morphology differentially react to variation in substrate structure. While the short snout species (C. tamandua) exhibits preference to sandy substrate, the long snout species (C. rhynchophorus) significantly prefers a stone substrate for feeding. A third species with intermediate snout size (C. compressirostris) does not exhibit any substrate preference. This preference is matched with the observation that long-snouted specimens probe deeper into the stone substrate, presumably enabling them to reach prey more distant to the substrate surface. These findings suggest that the diverse feeding apparatus in the genus Campylomormyrus may have evolved in adaptation to specific microhabitats, i.e., substrate structures where these fish forage. Whether the parallel divergence in EOD is functionally related to this adaptation or solely serves as a prezygotic isolation mechanism remains to be elucidated.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1416
KW - ecological speciation
KW - feeding behaviour
KW - electric fish
KW - trophic apparatus
KW - evolutionary ecology
Y1 - 2020
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-518714
SN - 1866-8372
IS - 3
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Obbard, Darren J.
A1 - Shi, Mang
A1 - Roberts, Katherine E.
A1 - Longdon, Ben
A1 - Dennis, Alice B.
T1 - A new lineage of segmented RNA viruses infecting animals
T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2 - Metagenomic sequencing has revolutionised our knowledge of virus diversity, with new virus sequences being reported faster than ever before. However, virus discovery from metagenomic sequencing usually depends on detectable homology: without a sufficiently close relative, so-called ‘dark’ virus sequences remain unrecognisable. An alternative approach is to use virus-identification methods that do not depend on detecting homology, such as virus recognition by host antiviral immunity. For example, virus-derived small RNAs have previously been used to propose ‘dark’ virus sequences associated with the Drosophilidae (Diptera). Here, we combine published Drosophila data with a comprehensive search of transcriptomic sequences and selected meta-transcriptomic datasets to identify a completely new lineage of segmented positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that we provisionally refer to as the Quenyaviruses. Each of the five segments contains a single open reading frame, with most encoding proteins showing no detectable similarity to characterised viruses, and one sharing a small number of residues with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of single- and double-stranded RNA viruses. Using these sequences, we identify close relatives in approximately 20 arthropods, including insects, crustaceans, spiders, and a myriapod. Using a more conserved sequence from the putative polymerase, we further identify relatives in meta-transcriptomic datasets from gut, gill, and lung tissues of vertebrates, reflecting infections of vertebrates or of their associated parasites. Our data illustrate the utility of small RNAs to detect viruses with limited sequence conservation, and provide robust evidence for a new deeply divergent and phylogenetically distinct RNA virus lineage.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1411
KW - metagenome
KW - RNA virus
KW - dark virus
KW - arthropod
KW - RNA interference
Y1 - 2020
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-516040
SN - 1866-8372
IS - 1
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Obbard, Darren J.
A1 - Shi, Mang
A1 - Roberts, Katherine E.
A1 - Longdon, Ben
A1 - Dennis, Alice B.
T1 - A new lineage of segmented RNA viruses infecting animals
JF - Virus Evolution
N2 - Metagenomic sequencing has revolutionised our knowledge of virus diversity, with new virus sequences being reported faster than ever before. However, virus discovery from metagenomic sequencing usually depends on detectable homology: without a sufficiently close relative, so-called ‘dark’ virus sequences remain unrecognisable. An alternative approach is to use virus-identification methods that do not depend on detecting homology, such as virus recognition by host antiviral immunity. For example, virus-derived small RNAs have previously been used to propose ‘dark’ virus sequences associated with the Drosophilidae (Diptera). Here, we combine published Drosophila data with a comprehensive search of transcriptomic sequences and selected meta-transcriptomic datasets to identify a completely new lineage of segmented positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that we provisionally refer to as the Quenyaviruses. Each of the five segments contains a single open reading frame, with most encoding proteins showing no detectable similarity to characterised viruses, and one sharing a small number of residues with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of single- and double-stranded RNA viruses. Using these sequences, we identify close relatives in approximately 20 arthropods, including insects, crustaceans, spiders, and a myriapod. Using a more conserved sequence from the putative polymerase, we further identify relatives in meta-transcriptomic datasets from gut, gill, and lung tissues of vertebrates, reflecting infections of vertebrates or of their associated parasites. Our data illustrate the utility of small RNAs to detect viruses with limited sequence conservation, and provide robust evidence for a new deeply divergent and phylogenetically distinct RNA virus lineage.
KW - metagenome
KW - RNA virus
KW - dark virus
KW - arthropod
KW - RNA interference
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/vez061
SN - 2057-1577
VL - 6
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Oxford Univ. Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jannasch, Franziska
A1 - Nickel, Daniela
A1 - Schulze, Matthias Bernd
T1 - The reliability and relative validity of predefined dietary patterns were higher than that of exploratory dietary patterns in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam population
JF - British journal of nutrition : BJN : an international journal of nutritional science / published on behalf of The Nutrition Society
N2 - The aim of this study was to assess the ability of the FFQ to describe reliable and valid dietary pattern (DP) scores. In a total of 134 participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam study aged 35-67 years, the FFQ was applied twice (baseline and after 1 year) to assess its reliability. Between November 1995 and March 1997, twelve 24-h dietary recalls (24HDR) as reference instrument were applied to assess the validity of the FFQ. Exploratory DP were derived by principal component analyses. Investigated predefined DP were the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and two Mediterranean diet indices. From dietary data of each FFQ, two exploratory DP were retained, but differed in highly loading food groups, resulting in moderate correlations (r 0 center dot 45-0 center dot 58). The predefined indices showed higher correlations between the FFQ (r(AHEI) 0 center dot 62, r(Mediterranean Diet Pyramid Index (MedPyr)) 0 center dot 62 and r(traditional Mediterranean Diet Score (tMDS)) 0 center dot 51). From 24HDR dietary data, one exploratory DP retained differed in composition to the first FFQ-based DP, but showed similarities to the second DP, reflected by a good correlation (r 0 center dot 70). The predefined DP correlated moderately (r 0 center dot 40-0 center dot 60). To conclude, long-term analyses on exploratory DP should be interpreted with caution, due to only moderate reliability. The validity differed extensively for the two exploratory DP. The investigated predefined DP showed a better reliability and a moderate validity, comparable to other studies. Within the two Mediterranean diet indices, the MedPyr performed better than the tMDs in this middle-aged, semi-urban German study population.
KW - dietary patterns
KW - reliability
KW - validity
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114520003517
SN - 1475-2662
SN - 0007-1145
VL - 125
IS - 11
SP - 1270
EP - 1280
PB - Cambridge University Press
CY - Cambridge
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weyrich, Alexandra
A1 - Yasar, Selma
A1 - Lenz, Dorina
A1 - Fickel, Jörns
T1 - Tissue-specific epigenetic inheritance after paternal heat exposure in male wild guinea pigs
JF - Mammalian genome
N2 - External temperature change has been shown to modify epigenetic patterns, such as DNA methylation, which regulates gene expression. DNA methylation is heritable, and as such provides a mechanism to convey environmental information to subsequent generations. Studies on epigenetic response to temperature increase are still scarce in wild mammals, even more so studies that compare tissue-specific epigenetic responses. Here, we aim to address differential epigenetic responses on a gene and gene pathway level in two organs, liver and testis. We chose these organs, because the liver is the main metabolic and thermoregulation organ, and epigenetic modifications in testis are potentially transmitted to the F2 generation. We focused on the transmission of DNA methylation changes to naive male offspring after paternal exposure to an ambient temperature increase of 10 degrees C, and investigated differential methylated regions of sons sired before and after the paternal exposure using Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing. We detected both a highly tissue-specific epigenetic response, reflected in genes involved in organ-specific metabolic pathways, and a more general regulation of single genes epigenetically modified in both organs. We conclude that genomes are context-specifically differentially epigenetically regulated in response to temperature increase. These findings emphasize the epigenetic relevance in cell differentiation, which is essential for the specific function(s) of complex organs, and is represented in a diverse molecular regulation of genes and gene pathways. The results also emphasize the paternal contribution to adaptive processes.
KW - DNA methylation
KW - gene-expression
KW - CPG Islands
KW - stress
KW - hyperthermia
KW - testis
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00335-020-09832-6
SN - 0938-8990
SN - 1432-1777
VL - 31
IS - 5-6
SP - 157
EP - 169
PB - Springer
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jesus, Sonia A.
A1 - Schmidt, Anke
A1 - Fickel, Jörns
A1 - Doherr, Marcus G.
A1 - Boonprasert, Khajohnpat
A1 - Thitaram, Chatchote
A1 - Sariya, Ladawan
A1 - Ratanakron, Parntep
A1 - Hildebrandt, Thomas Bernd
T1 - Assessing coagulation parameters in healthy Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) from European and thai populations
JF - Animals
N2 - Simple Summary Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) are considered endangered and their population is in continuous decline. Understanding their social interactions, health, and welfare status has been a topic of intense research in recent decades. Coagulation assessments have been underutilized in wildlife but can give valuable information on individual health. This study aims to increase the knowledge of the coagulation status in healthy Asian elephants from different backgrounds and age groups, using a fast point-of-care analyzer. This tool can be further used in either routine health check-ups performed by caretakers or in a clinical emergency, such as in cases of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus hemorrhagic disease outbreaks. We have also investigated the presence of genomic mutations in one coagulation factor-factor VII-where a disorder was previously reported in an Asian elephant. Hereby, we report new reference values for coagulation parameters, such as coagulation times and fibrinogen concentration of Asian elephants assessed in Thailand and in Europe, as well as several single point mutations found in the exons of Elephas maximus coagulation F7 gene. We found the point-of-care analyzer used in this study to be very practical and user friendly for a zoo and field environment and hope that this project will incentivize further coagulation studies in Asian elephants and in other wildlife species. The Asian elephant population is continuously declining due to several extrinsic reasons in their range countries, but also due to diseases in captive populations worldwide. One of these diseases, the elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) hemorrhagic disease, is very impactful because it particularly affects Asian elephant calves. It is commonly fatal and presents as an acute and generalized hemorrhagic syndrome. Therefore, having reference values of coagulation parameters, and obtaining such values for diseased animals in a very short time, is of great importance. We analyzed prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and fibrinogen concentrations using a portable and fast point-of-care analyzer (VetScan Pro) in 127 Asian elephants from Thai camps and European captive herds. We found significantly different PT and aPTT coagulation times between elephants from the two regions, as well as clear differences in fibrinogen concentration. Nevertheless, these alterations were not expected to have biological or clinical implications. We have also sequenced the coagulation factor VII gene of 141 animals to assess the presence of a previously reported hereditary coagulation disorder in Asian elephants and to investigate the presence of other mutations. We did not find the previously reported mutation in our study population. Instead, we discovered the presence of several new single nucleotide polymorphisms, two of them being considered as deleterious by effect prediction software.
KW - coagulation
KW - Asian elephant
KW - EEHV
KW - factor VII
KW - F7 gene
KW - prothrombin
KW - activated PTT
KW - fibrinogen
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12030361
SN - 2076-2615
VL - 12
IS - 3
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Weyrich, Alexandra
A1 - Yasar, Selma
A1 - Lenz, Dorina
A1 - Fickel, Jörns
T1 - Tissue-specific epigenetic inheritance after paternal heat exposure in male wild guinea pigs
T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2 - External temperature change has been shown to modify epigenetic patterns, such as DNA methylation, which regulates gene expression. DNA methylation is heritable, and as such provides a mechanism to convey environmental information to subsequent generations. Studies on epigenetic response to temperature increase are still scarce in wild mammals, even more so studies that compare tissue-specific epigenetic responses. Here, we aim to address differential epigenetic responses on a gene and gene pathway level in two organs, liver and testis. We chose these organs, because the liver is the main metabolic and thermoregulation organ, and epigenetic modifications in testis are potentially transmitted to the F2 generation. We focused on the transmission of DNA methylation changes to naive male offspring after paternal exposure to an ambient temperature increase of 10 degrees C, and investigated differential methylated regions of sons sired before and after the paternal exposure using Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing. We detected both a highly tissue-specific epigenetic response, reflected in genes involved in organ-specific metabolic pathways, and a more general regulation of single genes epigenetically modified in both organs. We conclude that genomes are context-specifically differentially epigenetically regulated in response to temperature increase. These findings emphasize the epigenetic relevance in cell differentiation, which is essential for the specific function(s) of complex organs, and is represented in a diverse molecular regulation of genes and gene pathways. The results also emphasize the paternal contribution to adaptive processes.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1431
KW - DNA methylation
KW - gene-expression
KW - CPG Islands
KW - stress
KW - hyperthermia
KW - testis
Y1 - 2020
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-516525
SN - 1866-8372
IS - 5-6
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Stelbrink, Björn
A1 - von Rintelen, Thomas
A1 - Richter, Kirsten
A1 - Finstermeier, Knut
A1 - Frahnert, Sylke
A1 - Cracraft, Joel
A1 - Hofreiter, Michael
T1 - Insights into the geographical origin and phylogeographical patterns of Paradisaea birds-of-paradise
JF - Zoological journal of the Linnean Society
N2 - Birds-of-paradise represent a textbook example for geographical speciation and sexual selection. Perhaps the most iconic genus is Paradisaea, which is restricted to New Guinea and a few surrounding islands. Although several species concepts have been applied in the past to disentangle the different entities within this genus, no attempt has been made so far to uncover phylogeographical patterns based on a genetic dataset that includes multiple individuals per species. Here, we applied amplicon sequencing for the mitochondrial fragment Cytb for a total of 69 museum specimens representing all seven Paradisaea species described and inferred both phylogenetic relationships and colonization pathways across the island. Our analyses show that the most recent common ancestor of the diverging lineages within Paradisaea probably originated in the Late Miocene in the eastern part of the Central Range and suggest that tectonic processes played a key role in shaping the diversification and distribution of species. All species were recovered as monophyletic, except for those within the apoda-minor-raggiana clade, which comprises the allopatric and parapatric species P. apoda, P. minor and P. raggiana. The comparatively young divergence times, together with possible instances of mitochondrial introgression and incomplete lineage sorting, suggest recent speciation in this clade.
KW - amplicon sequencing
KW - Cytb
KW - historical DNA
KW - molecular clock
KW - molecular phylogeny
KW - museomics
KW - New Guinea
KW - Paradisaeidae
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac010
SN - 0024-4082
SN - 1096-3642
VL - 196
IS - 4
SP - 1394
EP - 1407
PB - Oxford Univ. Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Krahé, Barbara
A1 - Schuster, Isabell
A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina
T1 - Prevalence of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration in a German university student sample
JF - Archives of sexual behavior : the official publication of the International Academy of Sex Research
N2 - This study examined the prevalence of sexual aggression perpetration and victimization in a sample of 1,172 students (755 female, 417 male) from four universities in Germany. All participants were asked about both victimization by, and perpetration of, sexual aggression since the age of 14 years, using the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S). Prevalence rates were established for different coercive strategies, sexual acts, and victim-perpetrator relationships. Both same-sex and opposite-sex victim-perpetrator constellations were examined. The overall victimization rate was 62.1% for women and 37.5% for men. The overall perpetration rate was 17.7% for men and 9.4% for women. Prevalence rates of both victimization and perpetration were higher for participants who had sexual contacts with both opposite-sex and same-sex partners than for participants with exclusively opposite-sex partners. Significant overlap was found between victim and perpetrator status for men and women as well as for participants with only opposite-sex and both opposite-sex and same-sex partners. A disparity between (higher) victimization and (lower) perpetration reports was found for both men and women, suggesting a general underreporting of perpetration rather than a gendered explanation in terms of social desirability or the perception of consent cues. The findings are placed in the international research literature on the prevalence of sexual aggression before and after the #metoo campaign, and their implications for prevention efforts are discussed.
KW - Sexual aggression
KW - Sexual victimization
KW - Male victims
KW - Female perpetrators
KW - Same-sex relationships
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-01963-4
SN - 0004-0002
SN - 1573-2800
VL - 50
IS - 5
SP - 2109
EP - 2121
PB - Springer
CY - New York
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Canitz, Julia
T1 - Genome and karyotype evolution underlying speciation and diversification of electric organ discharges in African weakly electric fish (Campylomormyrus, Mormyridae, Teleostei)
N2 - The African weakly electric fish genus Campylomormyrus is a well-investigated fish group of the species-rich family Mormyridae. They are able to generate species-specific electric organ discharges (EODs) which vary in their waveform characteristics including polarity, phase umber and duration. In mormyrid species EODs are used for communication, species discrimination and mate recognition, and it is thought hat they serve as pre-zygotic isolation mechanism driving sympatric speciation by promoting assortative mating. The EOD diversification, its volutionary effects and the link to species divergence have been examined histologically, behaviorally, and genetically. Molecular analyses are a major tool to identify species and their phenotypic traits by studying the underlying genes. The genetic variability between species further provides information from which evolutionary processes, such as speciation, can be deduced. Hence, the ultimate aim of this study is the investigation of genetic variability within the African weakly electric fish genus Campylomormyrus to better understand their sympatric speciation and comprehend their evolutionary drivers. In order to extend the current knowledge and gain more insights into its species history, karyological and genomic approaches are being pursued considering species differences. Previous studies have shown that species with different EOD duration have specific gene expression patterns and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). As EODs play a crucial role during the evolution of Campylomormyrus species, the identification of its underlying genes may suggest how the EOD diversity evolved and whether this trait is based on a complex network of genetic processes or is regulated by only a few genes. The results obtained in this study suggest that genes with non-synonymous SNPs, which are exclusive to C. tshokwe with an elongated EOD, have frequent functions ssociated with tissue morphogenesis and transcriptional regulation. Therefore, it is proposed that these processes likely co-determine EOD characteristics of Campylomormyrus species. Furthermore, genome-wide analyses confirm the genetic difference among most Campylomormyrus species. In contrast, the same analyses reveal genetic similarity among individuals of the alces-complex showing different EOD waveforms. It is therefore hypothesized that the low genetic variability and high EOD diversity represents incipient sympatric speciation. The karyological description of a Campylomormyrus species provides crucial information about chromosome number and shapes. Its diploid chromosome number of 2n=48 supports the conservation of this trait within Mormyridae. Differences have been detected in the number of bi-armed chromosomes which is unusually high compared to other mormyrid species. This high amount can be due to chromosome rearrangements which could cause genetic incompatibility and reproductive isolation. Hence an alternative hypothesis regarding processes which cause sympatric speciation is that chromosome differences are involved in the speciation process of Campylomormyrus by acting as postzygotic isolation mechanism. In summary, the karyological and genomic investigations conducted in this study contributed to the increase of knowledge about Campylomormyrus species, to the solution of some existing ambiguities like phylogenetic relationships and to the raising of new hypothesis explaining the sympatric speciation of those African weakly electric fish. This study provides a basis for future genomic research to obtain a complete picture for causes and results of evolutionary processes in Campylomormyrus.
Y1 - 2019
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nguyen, Manh Duy Linh
A1 - Mamonekene, Victor
A1 - Vater, Marianne
A1 - Bartsch, Peter
A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph
A1 - Kirschbaum, Frank
T1 - Ontogeny of electric organ and electric organ discharge in Campylomormyrus rhynchophorus (Teleostei: Mormyridae)
JF - Journal of comparative physiology; A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology
N2 - The aim of this study was a longitudinal description of the ontogeny of the adult electric organ of Campylomormyrus rhynchophorus which produces as adult an electric organ discharge of very long duration (ca. 25 ms). We could indeed show (for the first time in a mormyrid fish) that the electric organ discharge which is first produced early during ontogeny in 33-mm-long juveniles is much shorter in duration and has a different shape than the electric organ discharge in 15-cm-long adults. The change from this juvenile electric organ discharges into the adult electric organ discharge takes at least a year. The increase in electric organ discharge duration could be causally linked to the development of surface evaginations, papillae, at the rostral face of the electrocyte which are recognizable for the first time in 65-mm-long juveniles and are most prominent at the periphery of the electrocyte.
KW - Weakly electric fish
KW - Development
KW - Electric organ discharge
KW - Electric
KW - organ
KW - Electrocyte features
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-020-01411-z
SN - 0340-7594
SN - 1432-1351
VL - 206
IS - 3
SP - 453
EP - 466
PB - Springer
CY - Berlin ; Heidelberg
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hu, Ting-Li
A1 - Cheng, Feng
A1 - Xu, Zhen
A1 - Chen, Zhong-Zheng
A1 - Yu, Lei
A1 - Ban, Qian
A1 - Li, Chun-Lin
A1 - Pan, Tao
A1 - Zhang, Bao-Wei
T1 - Molecular and morphological evidence for a new species of the genus Typhlomys (Rodentia: Platacanthomyidae)
JF - Zoological research : ZR = Dongwuxue-yanjiu : jikan / published by Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguo Kexueyuan Kunming Dongwu Yanjiusuo zhuban, Dongwuxue-yanjiu Bianji Weiyuanhui bianji
N2 - In this study, we reassessed the taxonomic position of Typhlomys (Rodentia: Platacanthomyidae) from Huangshan, Anhui, China, based on morphological and molecular evidence. Results suggested that Typhlomys is comprised of up to six species, including four currently recognized species ( Typhlomys cinereus, T. chapensis, T. daloushanensis, and T. nanus), one unconfirmed candidate species, and one new species ( Typhlomys huangshanensis sp. nov.). Morphological analyses further supported the designation of the Huangshan specimens found at mid-elevations in the southern Huangshan Mountains (600 m to 1 200 m a.s.l.) as a new species.
KW - Morphology
KW - Phylogenetics
KW - Species delimitation
KW - Taxonomy
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.132
SN - 2095-8137
VL - 42
IS - 1
SP - 100
EP - 107
PB - Yunnan Renmin Chubanshe
CY - Kunming
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ziege, Madlen
A1 - Hermann, Bernd Timo
A1 - Kriesten, Stefanie
A1 - Merker, Stefan
A1 - Ullmann, Wiebke
A1 - Streit, Bruno
A1 - Wenninger, Sandra
A1 - Plath, Martin
T1 - Ranging behavior of European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in urban and suburban landscapes
JF - Mammal research / Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences
N2 - Various mammals, particularly carnivores, reportedly establish smaller home ranges in urban compared with rural areas. This may be because urban environments provide optimal resources within a small area, negating the requirement to range further, or because habitat fragmentation constrains ranging behavior. Comparable information on urban populations of herbivorous mammalian species (such as European rabbits) is scarce. To fill this knowledge gap, we radio-tracked 13 individuals (seven females and six males) equipped with radio collars in a suburban and an urban study site in the city of Frankfurt am Main in Germany during the reproductive season (March to September) of 2012. The study sites differed in levels of habitat fragmentation. We report the smallest home ranges ever described for this species, with mean 95% minimum convex polygons (MCPs) covering 0.50 ha, while no consistent differences between sites were uncovered. We occasionally tracked individuals crossing streets underground (in burrows), suggesting that streets may restrict the ranging behavior of rabbits-and possibly other burrowing species-to a much lesser extent than previously thought. We conclude that heterogeneous landscape structures, made up of a diverse mosaic of buildings, parks, and gardens, provide sufficient food and shelter in close proximity to burrows at both study sites. Therefore, our data support the hypothesis that optimal resources constrain ranges in this case rather than habitat fragmentation.
KW - Habitat fragmentation
KW - Home range
KW - Urbanization
KW - Urban ecology
KW - Minimum convex polygons (MCPs)
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-020-00490-2
SN - 2199-2401
SN - 2199-241X
VL - 65
IS - 3
SP - 607
EP - 614
PB - Springer
CY - Heidelberg
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Reinhard, Johanna E.
A1 - Geißler, Katja
A1 - Blaum, Niels
T1 - Grass and ground dwelling beetle community responses to holistic and wildlife grazing management using a cross-fence comparison in Western Kalahari rangeland, Namibia
JF - Journal of insect conservation : an international journal devoted to the conservation of insects and related invertebrates
N2 - Savannahs are often branded by livestock grazing with resulting land degradation. Holistic management of livestock was proposed to contribute to biodiversity conservation by simulating native wildlife grazing behaviour. This study attempts the comparison of the impact of a holistic management regime to a wildlife grazing management regime on grass and ground-dwelling beetle species diversity on neighboring farms in Namibian rangeland. Results show that the response of biodiversity in species richness and composition to holistic management of livestock differs substantially from wildlife grazing with a positive impact. From a total of 39 identified species of ground-dwelling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae, Carabidae) from 29 genera, eight species were found to be indicators for holistic management of livestock and three were found to be indicators for wildlife grazed rangeland. Observations suggest that holistic management of livestock may contribute to biodiversity conservation, but the differential effect of grazing management on species assemblages suggests that livestock grazing cannot replace native wildlife herbivory. Implications for insect conservation An adaptive management strategy such as holistic management used in this study shows the potential to support high beetle biodiversity. Holistic management of livestock thus aspects in favour for a sustainable form of grazing management for insect conservation even though it does not functionally replace grazing by native wildlife.
KW - Beetle conservation
KW - Land use management
KW - Biodiversity
KW - Insect conservation
KW - Wildlife management
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-022-00410-6
SN - 1366-638X
SN - 1572-9753
VL - 26
SP - 711
EP - 720
PB - Springer
CY - Dordrecht
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Michaelis, Vivien
A1 - Aengenheister, Leonie
A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja
A1 - Buerki-Thurnherr, Tina
A1 - Bornhorst, Julia
T1 - Manganese translocation across an in vitro model of human villous trophoblast
T2 - Placenta
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2021.07.205
SN - 0143-4004
SN - 1532-3102
VL - 112
SP - E63
EP - E64
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hofman, Maarten P. G.
A1 - Hayward, M. W.
A1 - Heim, M.
A1 - Marchand, P.
A1 - Rolandsen, C. M.
A1 - Mattisson, Jenny
A1 - Urbano, F.
A1 - Heurich, M.
A1 - Mysterud, A.
A1 - Melzheimer, J.
A1 - Morellet, N.
A1 - Voigt, Ulrich
A1 - Allen, B. L.
A1 - Gehr, Benedikt
A1 - Rouco Zufiaurre, Carlos
A1 - Ullmann, Wiebke
A1 - Holand, O.
A1 - Jorgensen, n H.
A1 - Steinheim, G.
A1 - Cagnacci, F.
A1 - Kroeschel, M.
A1 - Kaczensky, P.
A1 - Buuveibaatar, B.
A1 - Payne, J. C.
A1 - Palmegiani, I
A1 - Jerina, K.
A1 - Kjellander, P.
A1 - Johansson, O.
A1 - LaPoint, S.
A1 - Bayrakcismith, R.
A1 - Linnell, J. D. C.
A1 - Zaccaroni, M.
A1 - Jorge, M. L. S.
A1 - Oshima, J. E. F.
A1 - Songhurst, A.
A1 - Fischer, C.
A1 - Mc Bride, R. T.
A1 - Thompson, J. J.
A1 - Streif, S.
A1 - Sandfort, R.
A1 - Bonenfant, Christophe
A1 - Drouilly, M.
A1 - Klapproth, M.
A1 - Zinner, Dietmar
A1 - Yarnell, Richard
A1 - Stronza, A.
A1 - Wilmott, L.
A1 - Meisingset, E.
A1 - Thaker, Maria
A1 - Vanak, A. T.
A1 - Nicoloso, S.
A1 - Graeber, R.
A1 - Said, S.
A1 - Boudreau, M. R.
A1 - Devlin, A.
A1 - Hoogesteijn, R.
A1 - May-Junior, J. A.
A1 - Nifong, J. C.
A1 - Odden, J.
A1 - Quigley, H. B.
A1 - Tortato, F.
A1 - Parker, D. M.
A1 - Caso, A.
A1 - Perrine, J.
A1 - Tellaeche, C.
A1 - Zieba, F.
A1 - Zwijacz-Kozica, T.
A1 - Appel, C. L.
A1 - Axsom, I
A1 - Bean, W. T.
A1 - Cristescu, B.
A1 - Periquet, S.
A1 - Teichman, K. J.
A1 - Karpanty, S.
A1 - Licoppe, A.
A1 - Menges, V
A1 - Black, K.
A1 - Scheppers, Thomas L.
A1 - Schai-Braun, S. C.
A1 - Azevedo, F. C.
A1 - Lemos, F. G.
A1 - Payne, A.
A1 - Swanepoel, L. H.
A1 - Weckworth, B.
A1 - Berger, A.
A1 - Bertassoni, Alessandra
A1 - McCulloch, G.
A1 - Sustr, P.
A1 - Athreya, V
A1 - Bockmuhl, D.
A1 - Casaer, J.
A1 - Ekori, A.
A1 - Melovski, D.
A1 - Richard-Hansen, C.
A1 - van de Vyver, D.
A1 - Reyna-Hurtado, R.
A1 - Robardet, E.
A1 - Selva, N.
A1 - Sergiel, A.
A1 - Farhadinia, M. S.
A1 - Sunde, P.
A1 - Portas, R.
A1 - Ambarli, Hüseyin
A1 - Berzins, R.
A1 - Kappeler, P. M.
A1 - Mann, G. K.
A1 - Pyritz, L.
A1 - Bissett, C.
A1 - Grant, T.
A1 - Steinmetz, R.
A1 - Swedell, Larissa
A1 - Welch, R. J.
A1 - Armenteras, D.
A1 - Bidder, O. R.
A1 - Gonzalez, T. M.
A1 - Rosenblatt, A.
A1 - Kachel, S.
A1 - Balkenhol, N.
T1 - Right on track?
BT - Performance of satellite telemetry in terrestrial wildlife research
JF - PLoS one
N2 - Satellite telemetry is an increasingly utilized technology in wildlife research, and current devices can track individual animal movements at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. However, as we enter the golden age of satellite telemetry, we need an in-depth understanding of the main technological, species-specific and environmental factors that determine the success and failure of satellite tracking devices across species and habitats. Here, we assess the relative influence of such factors on the ability of satellite telemetry units to provide the expected amount and quality of data by analyzing data from over 3,000 devices deployed on 62 terrestrial species in 167 projects worldwide. We evaluate the success rate in obtaining GPS fixes as well as in transferring these fixes to the user and we evaluate failure rates. Average fix success and data transfer rates were high and were generally better predicted by species and unit characteristics, while environmental characteristics influenced the variability of performance. However, 48% of the unit deployments ended prematurely, half of them due to technical failure. Nonetheless, this study shows that the performance of satellite telemetry applications has shown improvements over time, and based on our findings, we provide further recommendations for both users and manufacturers.
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216223
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 14
IS - 5
PB - PLoS
CY - San Fransisco
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gorin, Vladislav A.
A1 - Scherz, Mark D.
A1 - Korost, Dmitry V.
A1 - Poyarkov, Nikolay A.
T1 - Consequences of parallel miniaturisation in Microhylinae (Anura, Microhylidae), with the description of a new genus of diminutive South East Asian frogs
JF - Zoosystematics and evolution : Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin
N2 - The genus Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 includes 52 species and is one of the most diverse genera of the family Microhylidae, being the most species-rich taxon of the Asian subfamily Microhylinae. The recent, rapid description of numerous new species of Microhyla with complex phylogenetic relationships has made the taxonomy of the group especially challenging. Several recent phylogenetic studies suggested paraphyly of Microhyla with respect to Glyphoglossus Gunther, 1869, and revealed three major phylogenetic lineages of mid-Eocene origin within this assemblage. However, comprehensive works assessing morphological variation among and within these lineages are absent. In the present study we investigate the generic taxonomy of Microhyla-Glyphoglossus assemblage based on a new phylogeny including 57 species, comparative morphological analysis of skeletons from cleared-and-stained specimens for 23 species, and detailed descriptions of generalized osteology based on volume-rendered micro-CT scans for five speciesal-together representing all major lineages within the group. The results confirm three highly divergent and well-supported clades that correspond with external and osteological morphological characteristics, as well as respective geographic distribution. Accordingly, acknowledging ancient divergence between these lineages and their significant morphological differentiation, we propose to consider these three lineages as distinct genera: Microhyla sensu stricto, Glyphoglossus, and a newly described genus, Nanohyla gen. nov.
KW - Amphibians
KW - integrative taxonomy
KW - narrow-mouthed frogs
KW - micro-computed tomography
KW - Nanohyla gen. nov
KW - osteology
KW - sexual dimorphism
KW - taxonomic revision
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.57968
SN - 1860-0743
SN - 1435-1935
VL - 97
IS - 1
SP - 21
EP - 54
PB - Pensoft Publishers
CY - Sofia
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Litwin, Magdalena
A1 - Colangeli, Pierluigi
T1 - Wie und wohin reisen Wasserflöhe?
T2 - Vielfalt in der Uckermark : Forschungsprojekte 2015 - 2018
Y1 - 2019
SP - 28
EP - 29
PB - oerding print GmbH
CY - Braunschweig
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Kowalski, Gabriele Joanna
T1 - Auf dem Sprung
BT - wie bewegen sich Tiere durch die Landschaft?
T2 - Vielfalt in der Uckermark : Forschungsprojekte 2015 - 2018
Y1 - 2019
SP - 41
EP - 42
PB - oerding print GmbH
CY - Braunschweig
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Inäbnit, Thomas
A1 - Dennis, Alice B.
T1 - The mitochondrial genome of Melampus bidentatus (Panpulmonata, Ellobioidea)
T2 - Integrative and comparative biology / Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology
Y1 - 2021
SN - 1540-7063
SN - 1557-7023
VL - 61
IS - Supplement 1
SP - E405
EP - E405
PB - Oxford University Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Dennis, Alice B.
A1 - Inäbnit, Thomas
T1 - Physiological and genomic variation among cryptic species of a marsh snail (Melampus bidentatus)
T2 - Integrative and comparative biology / Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icab001
SN - 1540-7063
SN - 1557-7023
VL - 61
SP - E195
EP - E196
PB - Oxford University Press
CY - Oxford
ER -