TY - GEN A1 - Morris, Penelope J. A1 - Salt, Carina A1 - Raila, Jens A1 - Brenten, Thomas A1 - Kohn, Barbara A1 - Schweigert, Florian J. A1 - Zentek, Jürgen T1 - Safety evaluation of vitamin A in growing dogs T2 - Potsprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The safe upper limit for inclusion of vitamin A in complete diets for growing dogs is uncertain, with the result that current recommendations range from 5.24 to 104.80 mu mol retinol (5000 to 100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) metabolisable energy (ME). The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of feeding four concentrations of vitamin A to puppies from weaning until 1 year of age. A total of forty-nine puppies, of two breeds, Labrador Retriever and Miniature Schnauzer, were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. Following weaning at 8 weeks of age, puppies were fed a complete food supplemented with retinyl acetate diluted in vegetable oil and fed at 1ml oil/100 g diet to achieve an intake of 5.24, 13.10, 78.60 and 104.80 mu mol retinol (5000, 12 500, 75 000 and 100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) ME. Fasted blood and urine samples were collected at 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 26, 36 and 52 weeks of age and analysed for markers of vitamin A metabolism and markers of safety including haematological and biochemical variables, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptides of type I collagen and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Clinical examinations were conducted every 4 weeks. Data were analysed by means of a mixed model analysis with Bonferroni corrections for multiple endpoints. There was no effect of vitamin A concentration on any of the parameters, with the exception of total serum retinyl esters, and no effect of dose on the number, type and duration of adverse events. We therefore propose that 104.80 mu mol retinol (100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) is a suitable safe upper limit for use in the formulation of diets designed for puppy growth. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 686 KW - puppies KW - dogs KW - Retinol KW - Retinyl esters KW - vitamin A Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414929 IS - 686 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weingart, C. A1 - Raila, Jens A1 - Lübke-Becker, A. A1 - Kershaw, O. A1 - Brunnberg, M. A1 - Kohn, B. T1 - Calcitriol induced hypercalcemia in a hunting dog with a disseminated Paecilomyces variotii infection T1 - Calcitriol-bedingte Hyperkalzämie bei einem Jagdhund mit disseminierter Paecilomyces variotii-Infektion JF - Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde N2 - A 5-year old hunting dog was presented with reduced appetite, weight loss and polyuria/polydipsia. Hematology and clinical chemistry revealed anemia, leukocytosis, increased liver enzymes, hypoalbuminemia and hypercalcemia. The cytological, pathohistological and microbiological examination identified a disseminated infection with the saprophytic mould fungus Paecilomyces variotii in the biopsies of the spleen and a lymph node. Determination of vitamin D metabolites confirmed a calcitriol induced hypercalcemia. N2 - Ein 5-jähriger Jagdhund wurde wegen verminderter Futteraufnahme, Gewichtsverlust und Polyurie/Polydipsie vorgestellt. In der hämatologischen und klinisch-chemischen Blutuntersuchung wurde neben einer Anämie und Leukozytose eine Erhöhung der Leberenzyme, Hypoalbuminämie und Hyperkalzämie festgestellt. Durch zytologische, pathohistologische und mikrobiologische Untersuchungen von Biopsien aus Milz und Lymphknoten konnte eine systemische Schimmelpilzinfektion mit Paecilomyces variotii nachgewiesen werden. Die Bestimmung der Vitamin-D-Metabolite bestätigte das Vorliegen einer Hyperkalzämie infolge einer Erhöhung der Calcitriolkonzentration. KW - mould fungus KW - calcium KW - polyuria/polydipsia KW - dog KW - Schimmelpilzinfektion KW - Kalzium KW - Polyurie/ Polydipsie KW - Hund Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17236/sat00161 SN - 0036-7281 SN - 1664-2848 IS - 5 SP - 313 EP - 319 PB - Gesellschaft Schweizer Tierärztinnen und Tierärzte CY - Bern ET - 160 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arnold, Patrick A1 - Rutschmann, Sereina T1 - UCE sequencing-derived mitogenomes reveal the timing of mitochondrial replacement in Malagasy shrew tenrecs (Afrosoricida, Tenrecidae, Microgale) JF - Mammalian biology = Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde N2 - Malagasy shrew tenrecs (Microgale) have increasingly been used to study speciation genetics over the last years. A previous study recently uncovered gene flow between the Shrew-toothed shrew tenrec (M. soricoides) and sympatric southern population of the Pale shrew tenrec (M. fotsifotsy). This gene flow has been suggested to be accompanied by complete mitochondrial replacement in M. fotsifotsy. To explore the temporal framework of this replacement, we assembled mitogenomes from publicly available sequencing data of ultra-conserved elements. We were able to assemble complete and partial mitogenomes for 19 specimens from five species of shrew tenrecs, which represents a multifold increase in mitogenomic resources available for all tenrecs. Phylogenetic inferences and sequence simulations support the close relationship between the mitochondrial lineages of M. soricoides and the southern population of M. fotsifotsy. Based on the nuclear divergence of northern and southern populations of M. fotsifotsy and the mitochondrial divergence between the latter and M. soricoides, there was a mean time window for replacement of similar to 350,000 years. This timeframe implies that the effective size of the ancestral M. fotsifotsy southern population was less 70,000. KW - Microgale KW - Tenrecs KW - Gene flow KW - Mitochondrial replacement KW - Madagascar Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00246-2 SN - 1616-5047 SN - 1618-1476 VL - 102 IS - 2 SP - 531 EP - 536 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - GEN A1 - Di Giacomo, Adrian S. A1 - Di Giacomo, Alejandro G. A1 - Kliger, Rafi A1 - Reboreda, Juan C. A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph A1 - Mahler, Bettina T1 - No evidence of genetic variation in microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers among remaining populations of the Strange-tailed Tyrant Alectrurus risora, an endangered grassland species T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The Strange-tailed Tyrant Alectrurus risora (Aves: Tyrannidae) is an endemic species of southern South American grasslands that suffered a 90% reduction of its original distribution due to habitat transformation. This has led the species to be classified as globally Vulnerable. By the beginning of the last century, populations were partially migratory and moved south during the breeding season. Currently, the main breeding population inhabits the Ibera wetlands in the province of Corrientes, north-east Argentina, where it is resident all year round. There are two remaining small populations in the province of Formosa, north-east Argentina, and in southern Paraguay, which are separated from the main population by the Parana-Paraguay River and its continuous riverine forest habitat. The populations of Corrientes and Formosa are separated by 300 km and the grasslands between populations are non-continuous due to habitat transformation. We used mtDNA sequences and eight microsatellite loci to test if there were evidences of genetic isolation between Argentinean populations. We found no evidence of genetic structure between populations (Phi(ST) = 0.004, P = 0.32; Fst = 0.01, P = 0.06), which can be explained by either retained ancestral polymorphism or by dispersal between populations. We found no evidence for a recent demographic bottleneck in nuclear loci. Our results indicate that these populations could be managed as a single conservation unit on a regional scale. Conservation actions should be focused on preserving the remaining network of areas with natural grasslands to guarantee reproduction, dispersal and prevent further decline of populations. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 583 KW - conservation genetics KW - fragmentation KW - flycatchers KW - challenges KW - dispersal KW - software KW - networks KW - birds KW - units KW - bottlenecks Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414427 IS - 583 SP - 127 EP - 138 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wutke, Saskia T1 - Tracing Changes in Space and Time BT - Paternal Diversity and Phenotypic Traits during Horse Domestication N2 - The horse is a fascinating animal symbolizing power, beauty, strength and grace. Among all the animal species domesticated the horse had the largest impact on the course of human history due to its importance for warfare and transportation. Studying the process of horse domestication contributes to the knowledge about the history of horses and even of our own species. Research based on molecular methods has increasingly focused on the genetic basis of horse domestication. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analyses of modern and ancient horses detected immense maternal diversity, probably due to many mares that contributed to the domestic population. However, mtDNA does not provide an informative phylogeographic structure. In contrast, Y chromosome analyses displayed almost complete uniformity in modern stallions but relatively high diversity in a few ancient horses. Further molecular markers that seem to be well suited to infer the domestication history of horses or genetic and phenotypic changes during this process are loci associated with phenotypic traits. This doctoral thesis consists of three different parts for which I analyzed various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with coat color, locomotion or Y chromosomal variation of horses. These SNPs were genotyped in 350 ancient horses from the Chalcolithic (5,000 BC) to the Middle Ages (11th century). The distribution of the samples ranges from China to the Iberian Peninsula and Iceland. By applying multiplexed next-generation sequencing (NGS) I sequenced short amplicons covering the relevant positions: i) eight coat-color-associated mutations in six genes to deduce the coat color phenotype; ii) the so-called ’Gait-keeper’ SNP in the DMRT3 gene to screen for the ability to amble; iii) 16 SNPs previously detected in ancient horses to infer the corresponding haplotype. Based on these data I investigated the occurrence and frequencies of alleles underlying the respective phenotypes as well as Y chromosome haplotypes at different times and regions. Also, selection coefficients for several Y chromosome lineages or phenotypes were estimated. Concerning coat color differences in ancient horses my work constitutes the most comprehensive study to date. I detected an increase of chestnut horses in the Middle Ages as well as differential selection for spotted and solid phenotypes over time which reflects changing human preferences. With regard to ambling horses, the corresponding allele was present in medieval English and Icelandic horses. Based on these results I argue that Norse settlers, who frequently invaded parts of Britain, brought ambling individuals to Iceland from the British Isles which can be regarded the origin of this trait. Moreover, these settlers appear to have selected for ambling in Icelandic horses. Relating to the third trait, the paternal diversity, these findings represent the largest ancient dataset of Y chromosome variation in non-humans. I proved the existence of several Y chromosome haplotypes in early domestic horses. The decline of Y chromosome variation coincides with the movement of nomadic peoples from the Eurasian steppes and later with different breeding practices in the Roman period. In conclusion, positive selection was estimated for several phenotypes/lineages in different regions or times which indicates that these were preferred by humans. Furthermore, I could successfully infer the distribution and dispersal of horses in association with human movements and actions. Thereby, a better understanding of the influence of people on the changing appearance and genetic diversity of domestic horses could be gained. My results also emphasize the close relationship of ancient genetics and archeology or history and that only in combination well-founded conclusions can be reached. KW - ancient DNA KW - domestication KW - horse KW - equus caballus KW - locomotion KW - Y chromosome KW - coat colour Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Grauf, Coronula T1 - Brutaktivität und Verhalten der Kiwis (Apteryx mantelli) im Zoo Berlin T1 - Breeding activity and behaviour of kiwis (Apteryx mantelli) at Berlin Zoo N2 - Der Streifenkiwi (Apteryx mantelli) kommt im Freiland nur auf der Nordinsel Neuseelands vor. Aufgrund des gefährdeten Bestands ist eine sich selbst erhaltene Zoopopulation wichtig. Kenntnisse des Verhaltens helfen, die Ansprüche der Tiere zu verstehen. Zudem können sie darüber Auskunft geben, inwiefern das Wohlbefinden eines Tieres gegeben ist. Durch die Untersuchung der Brutaktivität sollte ein Überblick über den allgemeinen Verlauf der Brut gegeben und Aktivitätsmuster für den Berliner Hahn erarbeitet werden, um den Verlauf zukünftiger Bruten einschätzen und eventuell positiv beeinflussen zu können. Dazu kamen die Untersuchung der täglichen Aktivität einer Henne sowie Beobachtungen des Verhaltens der Tiere. Diese dienten der Bestandsaufnahme der gezeigten Verhaltensweisen und sollten zusammen mit der Aktivität die Grundlage zur Einschätzung bilden, ob die Ansprüche der Kiwis im Zoo Berlin erfüllt werden, und Hinweise zur Verbesserung der Haltung geben. Die Brutaktivität des Hahnes konnte über drei Brutperioden hinweg detailliert dargestellt werden und zeigte, dass nicht nur innerhalb der Art sondern bei einem einzigen Tier unter ähnlichen Bedingungen die Variabilität so groß sein kann, dass sie für Vorhersagen über den Erfolg einer Brut nicht geeignet ist. Im Zusammenhang mit der Aktivität der Henne ließen sich keine Auffälligkeiten erkennen, die auf eine allgemeine Störung der Tiere schließen lassen oder für eine Beeinträchtigung der Brut verantwortlich gemacht werden könnten. Soweit aus den Beobachtungen im Freiland geschlossen werden kann, scheinen die Kiwis im Zoo ein weitgehend natürliches Verhalten zu zeigen. Die Haltungsbedingungen scheinen den Ansprüchen der Tiere zu entsprechen. Es ließen sich nur bedingt Strategien entwickeln, um die Bedingungen für die Brut und damit für die Nachzucht zu verbessern, da sich die Aktivität des Hahnes während der Brut von Jahr zu Jahr als unerwartet variabel erwies. Für ein weiteres Verständnis des Brutverhaltens und eine mögliche Verbesserung der Bedingungen wäre eine Untersuchung zum Einfluss verschiedener Umweltfaktoren auf die Brutaktivität des Hahnes wünschenswert. N2 - The North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli) is an endemic inhabitant of New Zealand's North Island. A self-preserving population at the zoos is important because of endangerment in the wild. Knowledge about their behaviour can help to understand the animal's requirements. Additionally it can provide information on the extent to which their well-being is given in captivity. Observing the breeding activity should lead to an overview of the brood's characteristics and the male's activity pattern in order to assess future broods and possibly influence them in a positive way. Additional observations about the female's daily activity and the male's and female's behaviour were conducted. This led to an inventory of their behavioural patterns. Together with the activity data, this provided a basis for assessing the well-being of the kiwis at Berlin Zoo and to optimize the keeping conditions. The male's breeding activity was described in detail for three breeding periods. It was shown that the variability was very high under similar conditions, so predictions about the breeding success were feasible. In conjunction with the female's activity there were no indications implying an overall disturbance negatively influencing the animals or their breeding. As far as it is known from observations in the wild, kiwis at the zoo seem to widely display natural behavioural patterns. The keeping conditions appear to meet the animal's demands. There were only few strategies that could be developed for further optimization of the breeding conditions because of the high variability of the male's activity. For a deeper understanding of the breeding behaviour and possible improvement of the breeding and keeping conditions, additional research about the activity's dependency on environmental factors would be desirable. KW - Apteryx KW - Zoo KW - Aktivität KW - Brut KW - Verhalten KW - Apteryx KW - Zoo KW - Activity KW - Breeding KW - Behaviour Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-43709 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pavesi, Laura A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph A1 - De Matthaeis, Elvira A1 - Ketmaier, Valerio T1 - Genetic connectivity between land and sea BT - the case of the beachflea Orchestia montagui (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae) in the Mediterranean Sea N2 - Introduction: We examined patterns of genetic divergence in 26 Mediterranean populations of the semi-terrestrial beachflea Orchestia montagui using mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase subunit I), microsatellite (eight loci) and allozymic data. The species typically forms large populations within heaps of dead seagrass leaves stranded on beaches at the waterfront. We adopted a hierarchical geographic sampling to unravel population structure in a species living at the sea-land transition and, hence, likely subjected to dramatically contrasting forces. Results: Mitochondrial DNA showed historical phylogeographic breaks among Adriatic, Ionian and the remaining basins (Tyrrhenian, Western and Eastern Mediterranean Sea) likely caused by the geological and climatic changes of the Pleistocene. Microsatellites (and to a lesser extent allozymes) detected a further subdivision between and within the Western Mediterranean and the Tyrrhenian Sea due to present-day processes. A pattern of isolation by distance was not detected in any of the analyzed data set. Conclusions: We conclude that the population structure of O. montagui is the result of the interplay of two contrasting forces that act on the species population genetic structure. On one hand, the species semi-terrestrial life style would tend to determine the onset of local differences. On the other hand, these differences are partially counter-balanced by passive movements of migrants via rafting on heaps of dead seagrass leaves across sites by sea surface currents. Approximate Bayesian Computations support dispersal at sea as prevalent over terrestrial regionalism. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 399 KW - Orchestia montagui KW - Talitrids KW - Mediterranean Sea KW - Phylogeography KW - Mitochondrial DNA KW - Microsatellites KW - Allozymes KW - Approximate Bayesian Computation Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401110 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Canitz, Julia A1 - Kirschbaum, Frank A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph T1 - Transcriptome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms related to electric organ discharge differentiation among African weakly electric fish species JF - PLoS one N2 - African weakly electric fish of the mormyrid genus Campylomormyrus generate pulse-type electric organ discharges (EODs) for orientation and communication. Their pulse durations are species-specific and elongated EODs are a derived trait. So far, differential gene expression among tissue-specific transcriptomes across species with different pulses and point mutations in single ion channel genes indicate a relation of pulse duration and electrocyte geometry/excitability. However, a comprehensive assessment of expressed Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) throughout the entire transcriptome of African weakly electric fish, with the potential to identify further genes influencing EOD duration, is still lacking. This is of particular value, as discharge duration is likely based on multiple cellular mechanisms and various genes. Here we provide the first transcriptome-wide SNP analysis of African weakly electric fish species (genus Campylomormyrus) differing by EOD duration to identify candidate genes and cellular mechanisms potentially involved in the determination of an elongated discharge of C. tshokwe. Non-synonymous substitutions specific to C. tshokwe were found in 27 candidate genes with inferred positive selection among Campylomormyrus species. These candidate genes had mainly functions linked to transcriptional regulation, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Further, by comparing gene annotations between C. compressirostris (ancestral short EOD) and C. tshokwe (derived elongated EOD), we identified 27 GO terms and 2 KEGG pathway categories for which C. tshokwe significantly more frequently exhibited a species-specific expressed substitution than C. compressirostris. The results indicate that transcriptional regulation as well cell proliferation and differentiation take part in the determination of elongated pulse durations in C. tshokwe. Those cellular processes are pivotal for tissue morphogenesis and might determine the shape of electric organs supporting the observed correlation between electrocyte geometry/tissue structure and discharge duration. The inferred expressed SNPs and their functional implications are a valuable resource for future investigations on EOD durations. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240812 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 15 IS - 10 PB - PLoS CY - San Francisco, California, US ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheffler, Christiane A1 - Dammhahn, Melanie T1 - Feminization of the fat distribution pattern of children and adolescents in a recent German population JF - American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council N2 - Objectives During the early 1990s, the economic and political situation in eastern Germany changed overnight. Here, we use the rare chance of an experiment-like setting in humans and aim to test whether the rapid change of environmental conditions in eastern Germany in the 1990s led to a change in the sex-specific fat distribution pattern, an endocrine-influenced phenotypic marker. METHODS Based on a cross-sectional data set of 6- to 18-year-old girls and boys measured between 1982-1991 and 1997-2012, we calculated a skinfold ratio of triceps to subscapular and percentage of body fat. Using linear regressions, we tested for differences in percentage of body fat and skinfold ratio between these two time periods. RESULTS We found that the percentage of body fat increased in boys and girls, and they accumulated relatively more fat on extremities than on the trunk in all BMI groups measured after 1997 as compared to those measured between 1982 and 1991. CONCLUSIONS Concurrent with drastic and rapid changes of environmental conditions, the body fat distribution of children and adolescents changed to a more feminized pattern during the early 1990s in an East German population. The changes in this endocrinologically mediated pattern might be associated with the increased exposure of individuals to endocrine-disrupting chemicals which are known to influence the endocrine, reproductive, and immune systems in animals and humans. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23017 SN - 1042-0533 SN - 1520-6300 VL - 29 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sroka, Pavel A1 - Godunko, Roman J. A1 - Rutschmann, Sereina A1 - Angeli, Kamila B. A1 - Salles, Frederico F. A1 - Gattolliat, Jean-Luc T1 - A new species of Bungona in Turkey (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) BT - an unexpected biogeographic pattern within a pantropical complex of mayflies JF - Zoosytematics and evolution N2 - By using an integrative approach, we describe a new species of mayfly, Bungona (Chopralla) pontica sp. n., from Turkey. The discovery of a representative of the tropical mayfly genus Bungona in the Middle East is rather unexpected. The new species shows all the main morphological characters of the subgenus Chopralla, which has its closest related species occurring in southeastern Asia. Barcoding clearly indicated that the new species represents an independent lineage isolated for a very long time from other members of the complex. The claw is equipped with two rows of three or four flattened denticles. This condition is a unique feature of Bungona (Chopralla) pontica sp. n. among West Palaearctic mayfly species. Within the subgenus Chopralla, the species can be identified by the presence of a simple, not bifid right prostheca (also present only in Bungona (Chopralla) liebenauae (Soldan, Braasch & Muu, 1987)), the shape of the labial palp, and the absence of protuberances on pronotum. KW - Biogeography KW - Cloeodes complex KW - Chopralla KW - integrative taxonomy KW - Middle East KW - new species Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.29487 SN - 1860-0743 VL - 95 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Pensoft Publ. CY - Sofia ER -