TY - JOUR A1 - Paraskevopoulou, Sofia A1 - Dennis, Alice B. A1 - Weithoff, Guntram A1 - Hartmann, Stefanie A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph T1 - Within species expressed genetic variability and gene expression response to different temperatures in the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus sensu stricto JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Genetic divergence is impacted by many factors, including phylogenetic history, gene flow, genetic drift, and divergent selection. Rotifers are an important component of aquatic ecosystems, and genetic variation is essential to their ongoing adaptive diversification and local adaptation. In addition to coding sequence divergence, variation in gene expression may relate to variable heat tolerance, and can impose ecological barriers within species. Temperature plays a significant role in aquatic ecosystems by affecting species abundance, spatio-temporal distribution, and habitat colonization. Recently described (formerly cryptic) species of the Brachionus calyciflorus complex exhibit different temperature tolerance both in natural and in laboratory studies, and show that B. calyciflorus sensu stricto (s.s.) is a thermotolerant species. Even within B. calyciflorus s.s., there is a tendency for further temperature specializations. Comparison of expressed genes allows us to assess the impact of stressors on both expression and sequence divergence among disparate populations within a single species. Here, we have used RNA-seq to explore expressed genetic diversity in B. calyciflorus s.s. in two mitochondrial DNA lineages with different phylogenetic histories and differences in thermotolerance. We identify a suite of candidate genes that may underlie local adaptation, with a particular focus on the response to sustained high or low temperatures. We do not find adaptive divergence in established candidate genes for thermal adaptation. Rather, we detect divergent selection among our two lineages in genes related to metabolism (lipid metabolism, metabolism of xenobiotics). Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223134 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 9 IS - 14 PB - PLoS ONE CY - San Francisco, California ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Breedveld, Merel Cathelijne A1 - Folkertsma, Remco A1 - Eccard, Jana T1 - Rodent mothers increase vigilance behaviour when facing infanticide risk JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Infanticide, the killing of unrelated young, is widespread and frequently driven by sexual conflict. especially in mammals with exclusive maternal care, infanticide by males is common and females suffer fitness costs. Recognizing infanticide risk and adjusting offspring protection accordingly should therefore be adaptive in female mammals. Using a small mammal (Myodes glareolus) in outdoor enclosures, we investigated whether lactating mothers adjust offspring protection, and potential mate search behaviour, in response to different infanticide risk levels. We presented the scent of the litter’s sire or of a stranger male near the female’s nest, and observed female nest presence and movement by radiotracking. While both scents simulated a mating opportunity, they represented lower (sire) and higher (stranger) infanticide risk. compared to the sire treatment, females in the stranger treatment left their nest more often, showed increased activity and stayed closer to the nest, suggesting offspring protection from outside the nest through elevated alertness and vigilance. females with larger litters spent more time investigating scents and used more space in the sire but not in the stranger treatment. Thus, current investment size affected odour inspection and resource acquisition under higher risk. Adjusting nest protection and resource acquisition to infanticide risk could allow mothers to elicit appropriate (fitness-saving) counterstrategies, and thus, may be widespread. KW - vole clethrionomys-glareolus KW - male bank voles KW - maternal aggression KW - reproductive strategies KW - offspring-defense KW - myodes-glareolus KW - predation risk KW - prairie vole KW - recognition KW - costs Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48459-9 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 9 PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature CY - London ER -