TY - GEN A1 - Eccard, Jana A1 - Dammhahn, Melanie A1 - Ylönen, Hannu T1 - The Bruce effect revisited BT - is pregnancy termination in female rodents an adaptation to ensure breeding success after male turnover in low densities? T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Pregnancy termination after encountering a strange male, the Bruce effect, is regarded as a counterstrategy of female mammals towards anticipated infanticide. While confirmed in caged rodent pairs, no verification for the Bruce effect existed from experimental field populations of small rodents. We suggest that the effect may be adaptive for breeding rodent females only under specific conditions related to populations with cyclically fluctuating densities. We investigated the occurrence of delay in birth date after experimental turnover of the breeding male under different population composition in bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in large outdoor enclosures: one-male–multiple-females (n = 6 populations/18 females), multiple-males–multiple-females (n = 15/45), and single-male–single-female (MF treatment, n = 74/74). Most delays were observed in the MF treatment after turnover. Parallel we showed in a laboratory experiment (n = 205 females) that overwintered and primiparous females, the most abundant cohort during population lows in the increase phase of cyclic rodent populations, were more likely to delay births after turnover of the male than year-born and multiparous females. Taken together, our results suggest that the Bruce effect may be an adaptive breeding strategy for rodent females in cyclic populations specifically at low densities in the increase phase, when isolated, overwintered animals associate in MF pairs. During population lows infanticide risk and inbreeding risk may then be higher than during population highs, while also the fitness value of a litter in an increasing population is higher. Therefore, the Bruce effect may be adaptive for females during annual population lows in the increase phases, even at the costs of delaying reproduction. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 734 KW - breeding strategies KW - dip test KW - infanticide KW - Myodes voles KW - sexual conflict KW - sexual selection Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432956 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 734 ER - TY - THES A1 - Périllon, Cécile T1 - The effect of groundwater on benthic primary producers and their interaction T1 - Der Einfluss von Grundwasser auf benthische Primärproduzenten und ihre Interaktionen N2 - In littoral zones of lakes, multiple processes determine lake ecology and water quality. Lacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD), most frequently taking place in littoral zones, can transport or mobilize nutrients from the sediments and thus contribute significantly to lake eutrophication. Furthermore, lake littoral zones are the habitat of benthic primary producers, namely submerged macrophytes and periphyton, which play a key role in lake food webs and influence lake water quality. Groundwater-mediated nutrient-influx can potentially affect the asymmetric competition between submerged macrophytes and periphyton for light and nutrients. While rooted macrophytes have superior access to sediment nutrients, periphyton can negatively affect macrophytes by shading. LGD may thus facilitate periphyton production at the expense of macrophyte production, although studies on this hypothesized effect are missing. The research presented in this thesis is aimed at determining how LGD influences periphyton, macrophytes, and the interactions between these benthic producers. Laboratory experiments were combined with field experiments and measurements in an oligo-mesotrophic hard water lake. In the first study, a general concept was developed based on a literature review of the existing knowledge regarding the potential effects of LGD on nutrients and inorganic and organic carbon loads to lakes, and the effect of these loads on periphyton and macrophytes. The second study includes a field survey and experiment examining the effects of LGD on periphyton in an oligotrophic, stratified hard water lake (Lake Stechlin). This study shows that LGD, by mobilizing phosphorus from the sediments, significantly promotes epiphyton growth, especially at the end of the summer season when epilimnetic phosphorus concentrations are low. The third study focuses on the potential effects of LGD on submerged macrophytes in Lake Stechlin. This study revealed that LGD may have contributed to an observed change in macrophyte community composition and abundance in the shallow littoral areas of the lake. Finally, a laboratory experiment was conducted which mimicked the conditions of a seepage lake. Groundwater circulation was shown to mobilize nutrients from the sediments, which significantly promoted periphyton growth. Macrophyte growth was negatively affected at high periphyton biomasses, confirming the initial hypothesis. More generally, this thesis shows that groundwater flowing into nutrient-limited lakes may import or mobilize nutrients. These nutrients first promote periphyton, and subsequently provoke radical changes in macrophyte populations before finally having a possible influence on the lake’s trophic state. Hence, the eutrophying effect of groundwater is delayed and, at moderate nutrient loading rates, partly dampened by benthic primary producers. The present research emphasizes the importance and complexity of littoral processes, and the need to further investigate and monitor the benthic environment. As present and future global changes can significantly affect LGD, the understanding of these complex interactions is required for the sustainable management of lake water quality. N2 - Im Uferbereich von Seen bestimmen eine Vielzahl von Prozessen das ökologische Gefüge und die Wasserqualität. Grundwasserzustrom, welcher häufig im Uferbereich eines Sees auftritt, kann zum Import von Nährstoffen führen und so signifikant zur Eutrophierung eines Gewässers beitragen. Darüber hinaus bildet der Uferbereich von Seen das Habitat für benthische Primärproduzenten wie Makrophyten (Wasserpflanzen) und Periphyton (Aufwuchs), welche eine Schlüsselrolle im Nahrungsnetz von Seen einnehmen und deren Wasserqualität beeinflussen können. Der durch Grundwasser gesteuerte Eintrag von Nährstoffen kann sich unterschiedlich auf die um Licht und Nährstoffe konkurrierenden Makrophyten und Periphyton auswirken. Während Makrophyten häufig über Wurzeln verfügen und damit Nährstoffe aus dem Sediment aufnehmen, kann Periphyton zu einer Beschattung der Makrophyten beitragen. Grundwasserzustrom könnte deshalb durch Nährstoffzufuhr das Wachstum von Periphyton fördern und damit zu einer Abnahme der Makrophytenabundanz führen. Die in dieser Doktorarbeit vorgestellten Forschungsergebnisse zeigen den Einfluss von einströmendem Grundwasser in Seen auf Makrophyten und Periphyton, und insbesondere die Interaktionen zwischen diesen beiden benthischen Primärproduzenten. Dafür wurden Laborexperimente, sowie Feldexperimente und Messungen in einem oligo-mesotrophen, kalkreichen See miteinander kombiniert. In der ersten Studie wurden im Rahmen einer Literaturrecherche die Auswirkungen des Einstroms von Grundwasser auf das Wachstum von Makrophyten und Periphyton untersucht. Dafür wurden Einträge von Nährstoffen sowie anorganischem und organischem Kohlenstoff berücksichtigt und abschließend ein Konzept entwickelt, das die Interaktion zwischen benthischen Primärproduzenten betrachtet. Die zweite Studie zeigt den Einfluss von Grundwasser auf das Wachstum von Periphyton im geschichteten, oligo-mesotrophen, kalkreichen Stechlinsee (Brandenburg) auf der Basis von Freilanduntersuchungen und -experimenten. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass einströmendes Grundwasser Phosphor aus dem Sediment mobilisiert und so das Wachstum von Periphyton signifikant fördert. Dies war insbesondere am Ende des Sommers relevant, wenn Phosphor im Epilimnion nur noch in sehr geringer Konzentration vorlag. Der Fokus der dritten Studie liegt auf den potenziellen Auswirkungen des Einstroms von Grundwasser auf die Makrophyten in flachen Litoralbereichen des Stechlinsees. Die in den letzten Jahrzehnten beobachteten Veränderungen in der Abundanz und Artenzusammensetzung der Makrophyten, insbesondere der Rückgang der Armleuchteralgen, könnten auch auf Veränderungen im Einstrom von Grundwasser zurückzuführen sein. In der letzten Studie wurden in einem Laborexperiment der Grundwasserzustrom ins Litoral simuliert, um die kombinierte Auswirkung auf Makrophyten- und Periphytonentwicklung unter kontrollierten Umweltbedingungen zu testen. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die Hypothese, dass die durch den Grundwasserzustrom mobilisierten Nährstoffe aus dem Sediment das Wachstum von Periphyton fördern. Oberhalb eines Grenzwertes der Periphytonbiomasse wird die Entwicklung von Makrophyten behindert. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, dass einströmendes Grundwasser zur Mobilisierung und zum Import von Nährstoffen in Seen führen kann und damit weitreichende Konsequenzen für das ökologische Gefüge und die Wasserqualität haben kann. Die grundwassergesteuerte Nährstoffzufuhr fördert das Wachstum von Periphyton und führt bei genügend großer Periphytonbiomasse zu Änderungen der Makrophytenpopulation bis hin zum Verlust. Die Arbeit verdeutlicht die Relevanz und Komplexität von Prozessen im Litoral von Seen und zeigt zugleich die Notwendigkeit auf, diese benthische Habitate tiefgreifender zu untersuchen. Da globale Veränderungen des Klimas einen weitreichenden Einfluss auf den Grundwassereinstrom in Seen haben können, ist es von entscheidender Bedeutung, die komplexen Auswirkungen dieser Prozesse zu verstehen, um einen nachhaltigen Schutz dieser Ökosysteme zu gewährleisten. KW - groundwater KW - littoral eutrophication KW - benthic primary producers KW - asymmetric competition KW - macrophytes KW - periphyton KW - Grundwasser KW - Makrophyten KW - Periphyton KW - Eutrophierung KW - Litoral KW - benthische Primärproduzenten KW - asymmetrische Konkurrenz Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406883 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gomula, Aleksandra A1 - Koziel, Slawomir A1 - Groth, Detlef A1 - Bielicki, Tadeusz T1 - The effect of neighboring districts on body height of Polish conscripts JF - Anthropologischer Anzeiger : journal of biological and clinical anthropology ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft für Anthropologie N2 - The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation of heights of conscripts living in neighboring districts in Poland. The study used 10% of a nationally representative sample of 26,178 males 18.5-19.5 years old examined during the National survey of Polish conscripts conducted in 2001. The sample represented all regions and social strata of the country and included 354 different districts within 16 voivodships (provinces). Analyses were performed with the R statistical software. A small but significant correlation (0.24, p < 0.0001) was observed for height between 1st order neighboring districts. Correlations decreased with increased distances between neighboring districts, but remained significant for 7th node neighbors (0.18, p < 0.0001). Regarding voivodships (provinces), average height showed a geographical trend from the northwest (relatively tall) to the southeast (relatively short), and the correlation was stronger for first order neighboring provinces (0.796, p < 0.001). This study revealed clusters of tall people and short people, providing a support for hypothesis of the community effect in height. Small correlations between 1st order neighbors than in another country (Switzerland) may be associated with differences in geography, since in Poland there are no natural barriers (e.g., mountains) and road infrastructure is well-developed. KW - body height KW - community effect KW - Polish conscripts Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2017/0701 SN - 0003-5548 SN - 2363-7099 VL - 74 IS - 1 SP - 71 EP - 76 PB - Schweizerbart CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chang, Dan A1 - Knapp, Michael A1 - Enk, Jacob A1 - Lippold, Sebastian A1 - Kircher, Martin A1 - Lister, Adrian M. A1 - MacPhee, Ross D. E. A1 - Widga, Christopher A1 - Czechowski, Paul A1 - Sommer, Robert A1 - Hodges, Emily A1 - Stümpel, Nikolaus A1 - Barnes, Ian A1 - Dalén, Love A1 - Derevianko, Anatoly A1 - Germonpré, Mietje A1 - Hillebrand-Voiculescu, Alexandra A1 - Constantin, Silviu A1 - Kuznetsova, Tatyana A1 - Mol, Dick A1 - Rathgeber, Thomas A1 - Rosendahl, Wilfried A1 - Tikhonov, Alexey N. A1 - Willerslev, Eske A1 - Hannon, Greg A1 - Lalueza i Fox, Carles A1 - Joger, Ulrich A1 - Poinar, Hendrik N. A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Shapiro, Beth T1 - The evolutionary and phylogeographic history of woolly mammoths BT - a comprehensive mitogenomic analysis JF - Scientific reports N2 - Near the end of the Pleistocene epoch, populations of the woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) were distributed across parts of three continents, from western Europe and northern Asia through Beringia to the Atlantic seaboard of North America. Nonetheless, questions about the connectivity and temporal continuity of mammoth populations and species remain unanswered. We use a combination of targeted enrichment and high-throughput sequencing to assemble and interpret a data set of 143 mammoth mitochondrial genomes, sampled from fossils recovered from across their Holarctic range. Our dataset includes 54 previously unpublished mitochondrial genomes and significantly increases the coverage of the Eurasian range of the species. The resulting global phylogeny confirms that the Late Pleistocene mammoth population comprised three distinct mitochondrial lineages that began to diverge ~1.0–2.0 million years ago (Ma). We also find that mammoth mitochondrial lineages were strongly geographically partitioned throughout the Pleistocene. In combination, our genetic results and the pattern of morphological variation in time and space suggest that male-mediated gene flow, rather than large-scale dispersals, was important in the Pleistocene evolutionary history of mammoths. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44585 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 7 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Heike Hildegard A1 - Raschke, Elena A1 - Epp, Laura Saskia A1 - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen Rosemarie A1 - Schirrmeister, Lutz A1 - Schwamborn, Georg A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - The history of tree and shrub taxa on Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island (New Siberian Archipelago) since the Last Interglacial Uncovered by Sedimentary Ancient DNA and Pollen Data JF - Genes N2 - Ecosystem boundaries, such as the Arctic-Boreal treeline, are strongly coupled with climate and were spatially highly dynamic during past glacial-interglacial cycles. Only a few studies cover vegetation changes since the last interglacial, as most of the former landscapes are inundated and difficult to access. Using pollen analysis and sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) metabarcoding, we reveal vegetation changes on Bol’shoy Lyakhovsky Island since the last interglacial from permafrost sediments. Last interglacial samples depict high levels of floral diversity with the presence of trees (Larix, Picea, Populus) and shrubs (Alnus, Betula, Ribes, Cornus, Saliceae) on the currently treeless island. After the Last Glacial Maximum, Larix re-colonised the island but disappeared along with most shrub taxa. This was probably caused by Holocene sea-level rise, which led to increased oceanic conditions on the island. Additionally, we applied two newly developed larch-specific chloroplast markers to evaluate their potential for tracking past population dynamics from environmental samples. The novel markers were successfully re-sequenced and exhibited two variants of each marker in last interglacial samples. SedaDNA can track vegetation changes as well as genetic changes across geographic space through time and can improve our understanding of past processes that shape modern patterns. KW - sedaDNA KW - metabarcoding KW - trnL KW - single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) KW - treeline KW - MIS 5 to 1 KW - permafrost deposits KW - radiocarbon ages KW - palaeoenvironment KW - Larix Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/genes8100273 SN - 2073-4425 VL - 8 IS - 10 SP - 273 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von Loeffelholz, Christian A1 - Lieske, Stefanie A1 - Neuschaefer-Rube, Frank A1 - Willmes, Diana M. A1 - Raschzok, Nathanael A1 - Sauer, Igor M. A1 - König, Jörg A1 - Fromm, Martin F. A1 - Horn, Paul A1 - Chatzigeorgiou, Antonios A1 - Pathe-Neuschaefer-Rube, Andrea A1 - Jordan, Jens A1 - Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H. A1 - Mingrone, Geltrude A1 - Bornstein, Stefan R. A1 - Stroehle, Peter A1 - Harms, Christoph A1 - Wunderlich, F. Thomas A1 - Helfand, Stephen L. A1 - Bernier, Michel A1 - de Cabo, Rafael A1 - Shulman, Gerald I. A1 - Chavakis, Triantafyllos A1 - Püschel, Gerhard Paul A1 - Birkenfeld, Andreas L. T1 - The human longevity gene homolog INDY and interleukin-6 interact in hepatic lipid metabolism BT - official journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases JF - Hepatology N2 - Reduced expression of the Indy ("I am Not Dead, Yet") gene in lower organisms promotes longevity in a manner akin to caloric restriction. Deletion of the mammalian homolog of Indy (mIndy, Slc13a5) encoding for a plasma membrane-associated citrate transporter expressed highly in the liver, protects mice from high-fat diet-induced and aging-induced obesity and hepatic fat accumulation through a mechanism resembling caloric restriction. We studied a possible role of mIndy in human hepatic fat metabolism. In obese, insulin-resistant patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic mIndy expression was increased and mIndy expression was also independently associated with hepatic steatosis. In nonhuman primates, a 2-year high-fat, high-sucrose diet increased hepatic mIndy expression. Liver microarray analysis showed that high mIndy expression was associated with pathways involved in hepatic lipid metabolism and immunological processes. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was identified as a regulator of mIndy by binding to its cognate receptor. Studies in human primary hepatocytes confirmed that IL-6 markedly induced mIndy transcription through the IL-6 receptor and activation of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and a putative start site of the human mIndy promoter was determined. Activation of the IL-6-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway stimulated mIndy expression, enhanced cytoplasmic citrate influx, and augmented hepatic lipogenesis in vivo. In contrast, deletion of mIndy completely prevented the stimulating effect of IL-6 on citrate uptake and reduced hepatic lipogenesis. These data show that mIndy is increased in liver of obese humans and nonhuman primates with NALFD. Moreover, our data identify mIndy as a target gene of IL-6 and determine novel functions of IL-6 through mINDY. Conclusion: Targeting human mINDY may have therapeutic potential in obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00005450. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.29089 SN - 0270-9139 SN - 1527-3350 VL - 66 IS - 2 SP - 616 EP - 630 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schall, Peter A1 - Gossner, Martin M. A1 - Heinrichs, Steffi A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Boch, Steffen A1 - Prati, Daniel A1 - Jung, Kirsten A1 - Baumgartner, Vanessa A1 - Blaser, Stefan A1 - Böhm, Stefan A1 - Buscot, Francois A1 - Daniel, Rolf A1 - Goldmann, Kezia A1 - Kaiser, Kristin A1 - Kahl, Tiemo A1 - Lange, Markus A1 - Müller, Jörg Hans A1 - Overmann, Jörg A1 - Renner, Swen C. A1 - Schulze, Ernst-Detlef A1 - Sikorski, Johannes A1 - Tschapka, Marco A1 - Türke, Manfred A1 - Weisser, Wolfgang W. A1 - Wemheuer, Bernd A1 - Wubet, Tesfaye A1 - Ammer, Christian T1 - The impact of even-aged and uneven-aged forest management on regional biodiversity of multiple taxa in European beech forests JF - Journal of applied ecology : an official journal of the British Ecological Society N2 - 1. For managed temperate forests, conservationists and policymakers favour fine-grained uneven-aged (UEA) management over more traditional coarse-grained even-aged (EA) management, based on the assumption that within-stand habitat heterogeneity enhances biodiversity. There is, however, little empirical evidence to support this assumption. We investigated for the first time how differently grained forest management systems affect the biodiversity of multiple above- and below-ground taxa across spatial scales. 2. We sampled 15 taxa of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria within the largest contiguous beech forest landscape of Germany and classified them into functional groups. Selected forest stands have been managed for more than a century at different spatial grains. The EA (coarse-grained management) and UEA (fine-grained) forests are comparable in spatial arrangement, climate and soil conditions. These were compared to forests of a nearby national park that have been unmanaged for at least 20years. We used diversity accumulation curves to compare -diversity for Hill numbers D-0 (species richness), D-1 (Shannon diversity) and D-2 (Simpson diversity) between the management systems. Beta diversity was quantified as multiple-site dissimilarity. 3. Gamma diversity was higher in EA than in UEA forests for at least one of the three Hill numbers for six taxa (up to 77%), while eight showed no difference. Only bacteria showed the opposite pattern. Higher -diversity in EA forests was also found for forest specialists and saproxylic beetles. 4. Between-stand -diversity was higher in EA than in UEA forests for one-third (all species) and half (forest specialists) of all taxa, driven by environmental heterogeneity between age-classes, while -diversity showed no directional response across taxa or for forest specialists. 5. Synthesis and applications. Comparing EA and uneven-aged forest management in Central European beech forests, our results show that a mosaic of different age-classes is more important for regional biodiversity than high within-stand heterogeneity. We suggest reconsidering the current trend of replacing even-aged management in temperate forests. Instead, the variability of stages and stand structures should be increased to promote landscape-scale biodiversity. KW - beta diversity KW - forest specialists KW - gamma diversity KW - heterogeneity KW - Hill numbers KW - saproxylic beetles KW - spatial grain KW - species accumulation curve KW - species richness KW - species turnover Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12950 SN - 0021-8901 SN - 1365-2664 VL - 55 IS - 1 SP - 267 EP - 278 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fer, Istem A1 - Tietjen, Britta A1 - Jeltsch, Florian A1 - Wolff, Christian Michael T1 - The influence of El Nino-Southern Oscillation regimes on eastern African vegetation and its future implications under the RCP8.5 warming scenario JF - Biogeosciences N2 - The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the main driver of the interannual variability in eastern African rainfall, with a significant impact on vegetation and agriculture and dire consequences for food and social security. In this study, we identify and quantify the ENSO contribution to the eastern African rainfall variability to forecast future eastern African vegetation response to rainfall variability related to a predicted intensified ENSO. To differentiate the vegetation variability due to ENSO, we removed the ENSO signal from the climate data using empirical orthogonal teleconnection (EOT) analysis. Then, we simulated the ecosystem carbon and water fluxes under the historical climate without components related to ENSO teleconnections. We found ENSO-driven patterns in vegetation response and confirmed that EOT analysis can successfully produce coupled tropical Pacific sea surface temperature-eastern African rainfall teleconnection from observed datasets. We further simulated eastern African vegetation response under future climate change as it is projected by climate models and under future climate change combined with a predicted increased ENSO intensity. Our EOT analysis highlights that climate simulations are still not good at capturing rainfall variability due to ENSO, and as we show here the future vegetation would be different from what is simulated under these climate model outputs lacking accurate ENSO contribution. We simulated considerable differences in eastern African vegetation growth under the influence of an intensified ENSO regime which will bring further environmental stress to a region with a reduced capacity to adapt effects of global climate change and food security. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4355-2017 SN - 1726-4170 SN - 1726-4189 VL - 14 IS - 18 SP - 4355 EP - 4374 PB - Copernicus CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fer, Istem A1 - Tietjen, Britta A1 - Jeltsch, Florian A1 - Wolff, Christian Michael T1 - The influence of El Nino-Southern Oscillation regimes on eastern African vegetation and its future implications under the RCP8.5 warming scenario N2 - The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the main driver of the interannual variability in eastern African rainfall, with a significant impact on vegetation and agriculture and dire consequences for food and social security. In this study, we identify and quantify the ENSO contribution to the eastern African rainfall variability to forecast future eastern African vegetation response to rainfall variability related to a predicted intensified ENSO. To differentiate the vegetation variability due to ENSO, we removed the ENSO signal from the climate data using empirical orthogonal teleconnection (EOT) analysis. Then, we simulated the ecosystem carbon and water fluxes under the historical climate without components related to ENSO teleconnections. We found ENSO-driven patterns in vegetation response and confirmed that EOT analysis can successfully produce coupled tropical Pacific sea surface temperature-eastern African rainfall teleconnection from observed datasets. We further simulated eastern African vegetation response under future climate change as it is projected by climate models and under future climate change combined with a predicted increased ENSO intensity. Our EOT analysis highlights that climate simulations are still not good at capturing rainfall variability due to ENSO, and as we show here the future vegetation would be different from what is simulated under these climate model outputs lacking accurate ENSO contribution. We simulated considerable differences in eastern African vegetation growth under the influence of an intensified ENSO regime which will bring further environmental stress to a region with a reduced capacity to adapt effects of global climate change and food security. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 394 Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-403853 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Estendorfer, Jennifer A1 - Stempfhuber, Barbara A1 - Haury, Paula A1 - Vestergaard, Gisle A1 - Rillig, Matthias C. A1 - Joshi, Jasmin Radha A1 - Schröder, Peter A1 - Schloter, Michael T1 - The Influence of Land Use Intensity on the Plant-Associated Microbiome of Dactylis glomerata L. JF - Frontiers in plant science N2 - In this study, we investigated the impact of different land use intensities (LUI) on the root-associated microbiome of Dactylis glomerata (orchardgrass). For this purpose, eight sampling sites with different land use intensity levels but comparable soil properties were selected in the southwest of Germany. Experimental plots covered land use levels from natural grassland up to intensively managed meadows. We used 16S rRNA gene based barcoding to assess the plant-associated community structure in the endosphere, rhizosphere and bulk soil of D. glomerata. Samples were taken at the reproductive stage of the plant in early summer. Our data indicated that roots harbor a distinct bacterial community, which clearly differed from the microbiome of the rhizosphere and bulk soil. Our results revealed Pseudomonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Comamonadaceae as the most abundant endophytes independently of land use intensity. Rhizosphere and bulk soil were dominated also by Proteobacteria, but the most abundant families differed from those obtained from root samples. In the soil, the effect of land use intensity was more pronounced compared to root endophytes leading to a clearly distinct pattern of bacterial communities under different LUI from rhizosphere and bulk soil vs. endophytes. Overall, a change of community structure on the plant-soil interface was observed, as the number of shared OTUs between all three compartments investigated increased with decreasing land use intensity. Thus, our findings suggest a stronger interaction of the plant with its surrounding soil under low land use intensity. Furthermore, the amount and quality of available nitrogen was identified as a major driver for shifts in the microbiome structure in all compartments. KW - Dactylis glomerata KW - land use change KW - endophytes KW - rhizosphere KW - soil microbiome KW - biodiversity Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00930 SN - 1664-462X VL - 8 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER -