TY - THES A1 - Neuber, Corinna T1 - Analytik zur Biotransformation des Sphingosin 1-phosphat-abbauproduktes (2E)-Hexadecenal Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bajdzienko, Krzysztof T1 - Analysis of Target of Rapamycin (Tor) induced changes of the Arabidopsis thaliana proteome using sub-cellular resolution Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - THES A1 - Diez Cocero, Mercedes T1 - Analysis of Rubisco – carbonic anhydrase fusions in tobacco as an approach to reduce photorespiration N2 - Rubisco catalyses the first step of CO2 assimilation into plant biomass. Despite its crucial role, it is notorious for its low catalytic rate and its tendency to fix O2 instead of CO2, giving rise to a toxic product that needs to be recycled in a process known as photorespiration. Since almost all our food supply relies on Rubisco, even small improvements in its specificity for CO2 could lead to an improvement of photosynthesis and ultimately, crop yield. In this work, we attempted to improve photosynthesis by decreasing photorespiration with an artificial CCM based on a fusion between Rubisco and a carbonic anhydrase (CA). A preliminary set of plants contained fusions between one of two CAs, bCA1 and CAH3, and the N- or C-terminus of RbcL connected by a small flexible linker of 5 amino acids. Subsequently, further fusion proteins were created between RbcL C-terminus and bCA1/CAH3 with linkers of 14, 23, 32, and 41 amino acids. The transplastomic tobacco plants carrying fusions with bCA1 were able to grow autotrophically even with the shortest linkers, albeit at a low rate, and accumulated very low levels of the fusion protein. On the other hand, plants carrying fusions with CAH3 were autotrophic only with the longer linkers. The longest linker permitted nearly wild-type like growth of the plants carrying fusions with CAH3 and increased the levels of fusion protein, but also of smaller degradation products. The fusion of catalytically inactive CAs to RbcL did not cause a different phenotype from the fusions with catalytically active CAs, suggesting that the selected CAs were not active in the fusion with RbcL or their activity did not have an effect on CO2 assimilation. However, fusions to RbcL did not abolish RbcL catalytic activity, as shown by the autotrophic growth, gas exchange and in vitro activity measurements. Furthermore, Rubisco carboxylation rate and specificity for CO2 was not altered in some of the fusion proteins, suggesting that despite the defect in RbcL folding or assembly caused by the fusions, the addition of 60-150 amino acids to RbcL does not affect its catalytic properties. On the contrary, most growth defects of the plants carrying RbcL-CA fusions are related to their reduced Rubisco content, likely caused by impaired RbcL folding or assembly. Finally, we found that fusions with RbcL C-terminus were better tolerated than with the N-terminus, and increasing the length of the linker relieved the growth impairment imposed by the fusion to RbcL. Together, the results of this work constitute considerable relevant findings for future Rubisco engineering. N2 - Rubisco katalysiert den ersten Schritt der CO2-Assimilierung. Trotz seiner bedeutenden Rolle, zeichnet sich Rubisco durch eine niedrige katalytische Geschwindigkeit aus. Außerdem, entsteht bei der Bindung von O2 anstatt CO2 ein toxisches Zwischenprodukt, welches in einem Prozess, genannt Photorespiration, aufbereitet wird. Da fast die gesamte Nahrungsmittelversorgung auf der Aktivität von Rubisco basiert, könnten schon kleine Verbesserungen in der Spezifität für CO2 zu einem großen Effekt in der Photosysntheserate und letztendlich größeren Ernteerträgen führen. In dieser Arbeit wurde versucht die Effizienz der Photosynthese zu verbessern, indem ein künstlicher CO2 konzentrierender Mechanismus aus einer Fusion von RbcL und einer Carboanhydrase (CA) gebildet wird. Als Vorversuch wurden je bCA1 und CAH3 an Rubiscos C- beziehungsweise N-Terminus mittels eines kleinen, flexiblen Linkers aus 5 Aminosäuren fusioniert. Anschließend wurden weitere Fusionsproteine zwischen dem C-Terminus von RbcL und bCA1/CAH3 mittels Linkern von 14, 23, 32 und 41 Aminosäuren Länge in Chloroplasten von Tabak eingebracht. Die entstandenen transplastomischen Pflanzen mit bCA1-Fusionen waren trotz ihres sehr langsamen Wachstums dazu fähig schon bei kurzen Linkern autotroph zu wachsen und geringe Mengen an Fusionsproteinen zu akkumulieren. Pflanzen mit CAH3 Fusionsproteinen hingegen waren nur mit längeren Linkern autotroph, zeigten aber dafür ähnliche Wachstumsraten zum Wildtyp bei Nutzung des längsten Linkers. Außerdem enthielten diese Pflanzen größere Mengen an Fusionsproteinen aber auch eine erhöhte Anreicherung von kleineren Abbauprodukten. Bei den in dieser Arbeit gewählten CA als Fusionsprotein mit RbcL konnte im Vergleich mit katalytisch inaktiven Varianten kein Effekt auf die CO2-Assimilierung gefunden werden. Wie das autotroph Wachstum sowie die Gaswechsel- und in-vitro-Aktivitätsmessungen zeigen, haben die Fusionen allerdings nicht die katalytische Aktivität von Rubisco blockiert. Ebenso verhielt sich die Carboxylierungsrate von Rubisco und deren Spezifität für CO2 unverändert. Dies weist darauf hin, dass trotz Rubiscos Faltungs- oder Assemblierungsdefekten das Anfügen von 60-150 Aminosäure an den C-Terminus von RbcL nicht die katalytische Leistung des Enzyms beeinträchtigt. Im Gegenteil, die Wachstumsdefekte waren durch die geringe Menge an Rubisco begründet, vermutlich verursacht durch Defekte in der Faltung oder Assemblierung von RbcL. Schlussendlich konnten wichtige Erkenntnisse für zukünftige gentechnische Veränderungen von Rubisco gemacht werden: Fusionen mit dem C-Terminus von RbcL wurden besser toleriert als mit dem N-Terminus und längere Linker verringerten die von der Fusion ausgelösten Wachstumsdefekte. KW - Rubisco KW - fusion Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - THES A1 - Diez Cocero, Mercedes T1 - Analysis of Rubisco - carbonic anhydrase fusions in tobacco as an approach to reduce photorespiration Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Czernitzki, Anna-Franziska A1 - Pospisil, Christina A1 - Musalek, Martin A1 - Mumm, Rebekka A1 - Scheffler, Christiane T1 - Analysis of longitudinal data of height z-scores in kindergarten children BT - a pilot study JF - Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft für Anthropologie N2 - Changes in body height throughout extended historic periods are very complex and dynamic processes. Thispilot study aimed to investigate the pattern of longitudinal height z-scores changes in children before and after entering kindergarten. In summer 2016, we measured height and weight of 32 children from 4 groups of two kindergartens aged 3–6 years. All ages were centered according to the age of entry into the kindergarten. For each child we determined mean z-scores for height before and after entering the kindergarten, and assessed the variances for each kindergarten group. Twenty-two children targeted in height z-scores towards average height of their respective kindergarten group, 10 children did not. Due to the small numbers, the convergence in height variance however, remained insignificant (chi-squared independence test, p = 0.127). Additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm this pilot study. KW - Height z-score KW - kindergarten children KW - secular trend KW - strategic growth adjustment KW - social signal Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2017/0708 SN - 0003-5548 VL - 74 IS - 2 SP - 109 EP - 112 PB - Schweizerbart science publishers CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - THES A1 - Radon, Christin T1 - Analyse der Funktion der dualen Lokalisation der 3-Mercaptopyruvat Sulfurtransferase im Menschen Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thomas, Jessica E. A1 - Carvalho, Gary R. A1 - Haile, James A1 - Martin, Michael D. A1 - Castruita, Jose A. Samaniego A1 - Niemann, Jonas A1 - Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S. A1 - Sandoval-Velasco, Marcela A1 - Rawlence, Nicolas J. A1 - Fuller, Errol A1 - Fjeldsa, Jon A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Stewart, John R. A1 - Gilbert, M. Thomas P. A1 - Knapp, Michael T1 - An ‛Aukward’ tale BT - a genetic approach to discover the whereabouts of the Last Great Auks JF - Genes N2 - One hundred and seventy-three years ago, the last two Great Auks, Pinguinus impennis, ever reliably seen were killed. Their internal organs can be found in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Denmark, but the location of their skins has remained a mystery. In 1999, Great Auk expert Errol Fuller proposed a list of five potential candidate skins in museums around the world. Here we take a palaeogenomic approach to test which—if any—of Fuller’s candidate skins likely belong to either of the two birds. Using mitochondrial genomes from the five candidate birds (housed in museums in Bremen, Brussels, Kiel, Los Angeles, and Oldenburg) and the organs of the last two known individuals, we partially solve the mystery that has been on Great Auk scholars’ minds for generations and make new suggestions as to the whereabouts of the still-missing skin from these two birds. KW - ancient DNA KW - extinct birds KW - mitochondrial genome KW - museum specimens KW - palaeogenomics Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/genes8060164 SN - 2073-4425 VL - 8 IS - 6 SP - 164 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Salleh, Faezah Mohd A1 - Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmin A1 - Penaloza, Fernando A1 - Liu, Shanlin A1 - Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S. A1 - Patel, Riddhi P. A1 - Martins, Renata A1 - Lenz, Dorina A1 - Fickel, Jörns A1 - Roos, Christian A1 - Shamsir, Mohd Shahir A1 - Azman, Mohammad Shahfiz A1 - Lim, Burton K. A1 - Rossiter, Stephen J. A1 - Wilting, Andreas A1 - Gilbert, M. Thomas P. T1 - An expanded mammal mitogenome dataset from Southeast Asia JF - Gigascience N2 - Background: Findings: Approximately 55 gigabases of raw sequence were generated. From this data we assembled 72 complete mitogenome sequences, with an average depth of coverage of 102.9x and 55.2x for modern samples and historical samples, respectively. This dataset represents 52 species, of which 30 species had no previous mitogenome data available. The mitogenomes were geotagged to their sampling location, where known, to display a detailed geographical distribution of the species. Conclusion: KW - invertebrate-derived (iDNA) KW - metabarcoding KW - GenBank KW - Taxonomic assignment Y1 - 2017 SN - 2047-217X VL - 6 IS - 8 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischbach, Jens A1 - Loh, Qiuting A1 - Bier, Frank Fabian A1 - Lim, Theam Soon A1 - Frohme, Marcus A1 - Glökler, Jörn T1 - Alizarin Red S for Online Pyrophosphate Detection Identified by a Rapid Screening Method JF - Scientific reports N2 - We identified Alizarin Red S and other well known fluorescent dyes useful for the online detection of pyrophosphate in enzymatic assays, including the loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. An iterative screening was used for a selected set of compounds to first secure enzyme compatibility, evaluate inorganic pyrophosphate sensitivity in the presence of manganese as quencher and optimize conditions for an online detection. Of the selected dyes, the inexpensive alizarin red S was found to selectively detect pyrophosphate under LAMP and PCR conditions and is superior with respect to its defined red-shifted spectrum, long shelf life and low toxicity. In addition, the newly identified properties may also be useful in other enzymatic assays which do not generate nucleic acids but are based on inorganic pyrophosphate. Finally, we propose that our screening method may provide a blueprint for rapid screening of compounds for detecting inorganic pyrophosphate. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep45085 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 7 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Koziel, Slawomir A1 - Hermanussen, Michael A1 - Gomula, Alexandra A1 - Swanson, James A1 - Kaczmarek, Maria A1 - El-Shabrawi, Mortada A1 - Elhusseini, Mona A1 - Satake, Takashi A1 - Martinovic Klaric, Irena A1 - Scheffler, Christiane A1 - Morkuniene, Ruta A1 - Godina, Elena A1 - Sasa, Missoni A1 - Tutkuviene, Janina A1 - Siniarska, Anna A1 - Nieczuja-Dwojacka, Joanna A1 - Nunez, Javier A1 - Groth, Detlef A1 - Barbieri, Davide T1 - Adolescence - a Transition to Adulthood Proceedings of the 24th Aschauer Soiree, held at Jurata, Poland, November 5th 2016 T2 - Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews N2 - Eighteen scientists met at Jurata, Poland, to discuss various aspects of the transition from adolescence to adulthood. This transition is a delicate period facing complex interactions between the adolescents and the social group they belong to. Social identity, group identification and identity signalling, but also stress affecting basal salivary cortisol rhythms, hypertension, inappropriate nutrition causing latent and manifest obesity, moreover, in developing and under-developed countries, parasitosis causing anaemia thereby impairing growth and development, are issues to be dealt with during this period of the human development. In addition, some new aspects of the association between weight, height and head circumference in the newborns were discussed, as well as intrauterine head growth and head circumference as health risk indicators. KW - Strategic growth adjustment KW - BMI KW - Growth faltering KW - Secular trend KW - Obesity KW - Growth modelling Y1 - 2017 SN - 1565-4753 VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 326 EP - 334 PB - Medical Media CY - Netanya ER -