TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lobmaier, Janek S.
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Facial Feedback Affects Perceived Intensity but Not Quality of Emotional Expressions
JF  - Brain Sciences
N2  - Motivated by conflicting evidence in the literature, we re-assessed the role of facial feedback when detecting quantitative or qualitative changes in others’ emotional expressions. Fifty-three healthy adults observed self-paced morph sequences where the emotional facial expression either changed quantitatively (i.e., sad-to-neutral, neutral-to-sad, happy-to-neutral, neutral-to-happy) or qualitatively (i.e. from sad to happy, or from happy to sad). Observers held a pen in their own mouth to induce smiling or frowning during the detection task. When morph sequences started or ended with neutral expressions we replicated a congruency effect: Happiness was perceived longer and sooner while smiling; sadness was perceived longer and sooner while frowning. Interestingly, no such congruency effects occurred for transitions between emotional expressions. These results suggest that facial feedback is especially useful when evaluating the intensity of a facial expression, but less so when we have to recognize which emotion our counterpart is expressing.
KW  - embodied cognition
KW  - emotional expression
KW  - emotion recognition
KW  - facial feedback
KW  - face morphing
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci5030357
SN  - 2076-3425
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
SP  - 357
EP  - 368
PB  - MDPI AG
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Lobmaier, Janek S.
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Facial Feedback Affects Perceived Intensity but Not Quality of Emotional Expressions
N2  - Motivated by conflicting evidence in the literature, we re-assessed the role of facial feedback when detecting quantitative or qualitative changes in others’ emotional expressions. Fifty-three healthy adults observed self-paced morph sequences where the emotional facial expression either changed quantitatively (i.e., sad-to-neutral, neutral-to-sad, happy-to-neutral, neutral-to-happy) or qualitatively (i.e. from sad to happy, or from happy to sad). Observers held a pen in their own mouth to induce smiling or frowning during the detection task. When morph sequences started or ended with neutral expressions we replicated a congruency effect: Happiness was perceived longer and sooner while smiling; sadness was perceived longer and sooner while frowning. Interestingly, no such congruency effects occurred for transitions between emotional expressions. These results suggest that facial feedback is especially useful when evaluating the intensity of a facial expression, but less so when we have to recognize which emotion our counterpart is expressing.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 302 
KW  - embodied cognition
KW  - emotional expression
KW  - emotion recognition
KW  - facial feedback
KW  - face morphing
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-96428
SP  - 357
EP  - 368
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Lobmaier, Janek S.
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Facial feedback affects perceived intensity but not quality of emotional expressions
N2  - Motivated by conflicting evidence in the literature, we re-assessed the role of facial feedback when detecting quantitative or qualitative changes in others’ emotional expressions. Fifty-three healthy adults observed self-paced morph sequences where the emotional facial expression either changed quantitatively (i.e., sad-to-neutral, neutral-to-sad, happy-to-neutral, neutral-to-happy) or qualitatively (i.e. from sad to happy, or from happy to sad). Observers held a pen in their own mouth to induce smiling or frowning during the detection task. When morph sequences started or ended with neutral expressions we replicated a congruency effect: Happiness was perceived longer and sooner while smiling; sadness was perceived longer and sooner while frowning. Interestingly, no such congruency effects occurred for transitions between emotional expressions. These results suggest that facial feedback is especially useful when evaluating the intensity of a facial expression, but less so when we have to recognize which emotion our counterpart is expressing.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 335 
KW  - embodied cognition
KW  - emotional expression
KW  - emotion recognition
KW  - facial feedback
KW  - face morphing
Y1  - 2017
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-400157
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
T1  - Number concepts: abstract and embodied
JF  - Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences
N2  - Numerical knowledge, including number concepts and arithmetic procedures, seems to be a clear-cut case for abstract symbol manipulation. Yet, evidence from perceptual and motor behaviour reveals that natural number knowledge and simple arithmetic also remain closely associated with modal experiences. Following a review of behavioural, animal and neuroscience studies of number processing, we propose a revised understanding of psychological number concepts as grounded in physical constraints, embodied in experience and situated through task-specific intentions. The idea that number concepts occupy a range of positions on the continuum between abstract and modal conceptual knowledge also accounts for systematic heuristics and biases in mental arithmetic, thus inviting psycho-logical approaches to the study of the mathematical mind.
KW  - embodied cognition
KW  - mental arithmetic
KW  - mental number line
KW  - numerical cognition
KW  - SNARC effect
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0125
SN  - 0962-8436
SN  - 1471-2970
VL  - 373
IS  - 1752
PB  - Royal Society
CY  - London
ER  -