TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lobmaier, Janek S.
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Facial Feedback Affects Perceived Intensity but Not Quality of Emotional Expressions
JF  - Brain Sciences
N2  - Motivated by conflicting evidence in the literature, we re-assessed the role of facial feedback when detecting quantitative or qualitative changes in others’ emotional expressions. Fifty-three healthy adults observed self-paced morph sequences where the emotional facial expression either changed quantitatively (i.e., sad-to-neutral, neutral-to-sad, happy-to-neutral, neutral-to-happy) or qualitatively (i.e. from sad to happy, or from happy to sad). Observers held a pen in their own mouth to induce smiling or frowning during the detection task. When morph sequences started or ended with neutral expressions we replicated a congruency effect: Happiness was perceived longer and sooner while smiling; sadness was perceived longer and sooner while frowning. Interestingly, no such congruency effects occurred for transitions between emotional expressions. These results suggest that facial feedback is especially useful when evaluating the intensity of a facial expression, but less so when we have to recognize which emotion our counterpart is expressing.
KW  - embodied cognition
KW  - emotional expression
KW  - emotion recognition
KW  - facial feedback
KW  - face morphing
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci5030357
SN  - 2076-3425
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
SP  - 357
EP  - 368
PB  - MDPI AG
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
A1  - Schuster, Isabell
A1  - Tomaszewska, Paulina
T1  - Prevalence of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration in a German university student sample
JF  - Archives of sexual behavior : the official publication of the International Academy of Sex Research
N2  - This study examined the prevalence of sexual aggression perpetration and victimization in a sample of 1,172 students (755 female, 417 male) from four universities in Germany. All participants were asked about both victimization by, and perpetration of, sexual aggression since the age of 14 years, using the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S). Prevalence rates were established for different coercive strategies, sexual acts, and victim-perpetrator relationships. Both same-sex and opposite-sex victim-perpetrator constellations were examined. The overall victimization rate was 62.1% for women and 37.5% for men. The overall perpetration rate was 17.7% for men and 9.4% for women. Prevalence rates of both victimization and perpetration were higher for participants who had sexual contacts with both opposite-sex and same-sex partners than for participants with exclusively opposite-sex partners. Significant overlap was found between victim and perpetrator status for men and women as well as for participants with only opposite-sex and both opposite-sex and same-sex partners. A disparity between (higher) victimization and (lower) perpetration reports was found for both men and women, suggesting a general underreporting of perpetration rather than a gendered explanation in terms of social desirability or the perception of consent cues. The findings are placed in the international research literature on the prevalence of sexual aggression before and after the #metoo campaign, and their implications for prevention efforts are discussed.
KW  - Sexual aggression
KW  - Sexual victimization
KW  - Male victims
KW  - Female perpetrators
KW  - Same-sex relationships
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-01963-4
SN  - 0004-0002
SN  - 1573-2800
VL  - 50
IS  - 5
SP  - 2109
EP  - 2121
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
A1  - Rabe, Maximilian Michael
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Reich, Sebastian
T1  - Sequential data assimilation of the stochastic SEIR epidemic model for regional COVID-19 dynamics
JF  - Bulletin of mathematical biology : official journal of the Society for Mathematical Biology
N2  - Newly emerging pandemics like COVID-19 call for predictive models to implement precisely tuned responses to limit their deep impact on society. Standard epidemic models provide a theoretically well-founded dynamical description of disease incidence. For COVID-19 with infectiousness peaking before and at symptom onset, the SEIR model explains the hidden build-up of exposed individuals which creates challenges for containment strategies. However, spatial heterogeneity raises questions about the adequacy of modeling epidemic outbreaks on the level of a whole country. Here, we show that by applying sequential data assimilation to the stochastic SEIR epidemic model, we can capture the dynamic behavior of outbreaks on a regional level. Regional modeling, with relatively low numbers of infected and demographic noise, accounts for both spatial heterogeneity and stochasticity. Based on adapted models, short-term predictions can be achieved. Thus, with the help of these sequential data assimilation methods, more realistic epidemic models are within reach.
KW  - Stochastic epidemic model
KW  - Sequential data assimilation
KW  - Ensemble Kalman
KW  - filter
KW  - COVID-19
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11538-020-00834-8
SN  - 0092-8240
SN  - 1522-9602
VL  - 83
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  -